Deck 15: Multivariate Statistical Analysis

Question 1

In discriminant analysis, both the dependent and the independent variables must be nonmetric.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

In factor analysis, communality is a measure of the percentage of variance in each variable that can be explained by all of the factors.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A forecaster who wishes to estimate demand for roofing materials for the next five years will need to conduct bivariate analysis to understand this problem.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Binary logistic regression is appropriate when the dependent variable and the independent variables are nonmetric.

Question 5

In factor analysis, the factor scores are a measure of the importance of each variable used to measure each factor.

Question 6

Multiple discriminant analysis is a common technique used to identify market segments.

Question 7

One of the purposes of dependence methods of analysis is to group things together.

Question 8

In cluster analysis, each cluster should have low internal homogeneity and high external heterogeneity.

Question 9

Partial correlation can only be applied to one control variable at a time.

Question 10

In multiple regression, parameter estimates become highly reliable when independent variables are highly correlated with each other.

Question 11

When a researcher attempts to predict a dependent variable from two or more independent variables, the researcher is studying interdependence.

Question 12

In multiple regression, comparing the coefficients will identify which independent variable has the greatest influence on the dependent variable.

Question 13

An underlying assumption of multiple regression is that all the independent variables are dependent of each other.

Question 14

N-way univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) independently tests for the differences in the mean of a metric dependent variable among two or more nonmetric independent variables.

Question 15

Partial correlation analysis allows the measurement of the association between two curvilinear variables after controlling for the effects of other variables.

Question 16

The basic types of multivariate techniques are dependence methods and interdependence methods.

Question 17

In factor analysis, the factor loadings are correlations of each original variable with the factor.

Question 18

Cluster analysis is designed to discover natural groups of cases.

Question 19

The n-way univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) is appropriate when the dependent variable is metric and the independent variables are nonmetric.

Question 20

The type of measurement scales used will determine which multivariate statistical techniques are appropriate for the data.

Question 21

If the analysis contains one dependent variable that is metric and several independent variables that are metric, then the appropriate statistical analysis is:

A) multiple discriminant analysis.
B) conjoint analysis.
C) binary logistic regression.
D) multiple regression analysis.

Question 22

In hierarchical cluster analysis, objects can leave one cluster and join another, as clusters are being formed until they are finalised.

Question 23

An n-way cross tabulation investigates the effect of several categorical variables on an interval-scaled dependent variable.

Question 24

Which of the following multivariate methods' goals is to achieve parsimony?

A) Multidimensional scaling
B) Factor analysis
C) Cluster analysis
D) Discriminant analysis

Question 25

In multidimensional scaling, the labelling of the dimension axis is statistically determined.

Question 26

Multicollinearity exists when two or more independent variables are highly correlated with each other, causing the regression estimates to be unreliable.

Question 27

If the analysis contains several independent variables that are metric and a dependent variable that is nonmetric, then the appropriate statistical technique is:

A) multiple regression analysis.hen he dimension axe Caning?ne he question below?ation?and to__________________________________________________________________
B) multiple discriminant analysis.
C) conjoint analysis.
D) n-way univariate ANOVA.

Question 28

In the n-way cross tabulation, the combined effect of a 'lurking variable' with different group sizes is an example of:

A) the multicollinearity effect.
B) Simpson's Paradox.
C) the communality effect.
D) the Hawthorne effect.

Question 29

All of the following are examples of dependence methods of analysis, except:

A) multiple regression analysis.
B) multiple discriminant analysis.
C) exploratory factor analysis.
D) multivariate analysis of variance.

Question 30

The purpose of factor analysis is to categorise respondents into mutually exclusive groups.

Question 31

If the analysis contains several independent variables that are nonmetric and a dependent variable that is metric, then the appropriate statistical technique is:

A) multiple regression analysis.
B) multiple discriminant analysis.
C) conjoint analysis.
D) n-way univariate ANOVA.

Question 32

Binary logistic regression can be used to predict the probability that an individual belongs to one of two mutually exclusive groups.

Question 33

Hierarchical cluster analysis works very well when dealing with a relatively large number of cases.

Question 34

All of the following are examples of interdependence methods of analysis, except:

A) factor analysis.
B) cluster analysis.
C) multidimensional scaling.
D) discriminant analysis.

Question 35

When a multivariate statistical technique is used to predict a dependent variable from two or more independent variables, the researcher is studying:

A) dependence.
B) independence.
C) interdependence.
D) interrelatedness.

Question 36

In cluster analysis, relationships are predicted by defining the composition of the groups.

Question 37

When using interdependence methods of analysis, no one variable is to be predicted from or explained by the other variables.

Question 38

When a multivariate statistical technique is used to give meaning to a set of variables, the researcher is studying:

A) dependence.
B) interdependence.
C) causality.
D) prediction.

Question 39

Multidimensional scaling is a statistical technique that locates objects in multidimensional space on the basis of measures of the similarity of objects.

Question 40

Partial correlation analysis:

A) simultaneously investigates the effects of several independent variables on a dependent variable.
B) is used to predict the probability that an object or individual will belong in one of two mutually exclusive categories.
C) is the measure of association between two linear variables after controlling for the effects of other variables.
D) simultaneously tests for the mean difference of the dependent variable with two or more nonmetric independent variables.

Question 41

In an n-way cross tabulation, the independent variable(s) are ______ and the dependent variable(s) are ______.

A) metric; nonmetric
B) metric; metric
C) nonmetric; metric
D) nonmetric; nonmetric

Question 42

Which of the following is an appropriate statistical technique to use in order to uncover the effect of several categorical variables on an interval-scaled dependent variable?

A) Logistic regression
B) Partial correlation
C) n-way crosstabulation
D) n-way analysis of variance

Question 43

If the analysis contains several independent variables that are nonmetric and a dependent variable that is nonmetric then the appropriate statistical technique is:

A) multiple regression analysis.
B) multiple discriminant analysis.
C) n-way univariate ANOVA.
D) n-way cross tabulation.

Question 44

In multiple regression, the coefficients β1, β2, and so on, are known as:

A) correlation coefficients.
B) standardised coefficients.
C) coefficients of multiple determination.
D) coefficients of partial regression.

Question 45

Which of the following is not a dependence method of analysis?

A) Multidimensional scaling
B) Multiple regression analysis
C) Discriminant analysis
D) N-way cross tabulation

Question 46

When several independent variables are highly correlated with each other, the effect is known as:

A) parsimony.
B) multicollinearity.
C) communality.
D) partiality.

Question 47

In multiple regression, which of the following is consulted to find out whether the independent variables acting together can explain the variation in the dependent variable?

A) F-statistic
B) t-statistic
C) R-square
D) Standardised coefficients

Question 48

In multiple regression, to discover which independent variable has the greatest influence:

A) is to consult the coefficients to find the largest number.
B) is to consult the standardised coefficients to determine to largest number.
C) is to divide each corresponding coefficient by its standard error to determine the largest number.
D) is to consult the variance inflation factors (VIF) to find the largest number.

Question 49

In cluster analysis, the researcher wants clusters to have high ___________ within clusters and high between-cluster ____________.

A) homogeneity; homogeneity
B) heterogeneity; heterogeneity
C) heterogeneity; homogeneity
D) homogeneity; heterogeneity

Question 50

Which of the following statements regarding cluster analysis is not true?

A) Cluster analysis is used to seek constructs that underlie the variables.
B) The groups are not predefined in cluster analysis.
C) Cluster analysis does not predict relationships.
D) Cluster analysis requires the data to be interval-scaled.

Question 51

If a researcher wishes to discover natural groups of variables, he or she should use:

A) factor analysis.
B) cluster analysis.
C) discriminant analysis.
D) logistic regression analysis.

Question 52

In factor analysis, which of the following provides a means for interpreting and labelling the factors?

A) Factor scores
B) Eigenvalues
C) Factor loadings
D) Communalities

Question 53

The goal of factor analysis is to reduce a large number of variables to as few dimensions or constructs as possible. This is known as:

A) prudence.
B) munificence.
C) parsimony.
D) summation.

Question 54

Which of the following is an appropriate technique to use in order to predict the probability that an object or individual will belong in one of two mutually exclusive categories, based on several independent variables?

A) Multiple regression analysis
B) Logistic regression analysis
C) Multiple discriminant analysis
D) Multidimensional scaling

Question 55

If the coefficient of multiple determination is 0.532, then the variation in the independent variables accounts for approximately ______ per cent of the variance in the dependent variable.

A) 73
B) 53
C) 28
D) 27

Question 56

In factor analysis, communalities are:

A) correlations of the original variables with the factor.
B) measures of the percentage of variance in each variable explained by all of the factors.
C) sums of the squared factor loadings for each factor.
D) scores representing each observation's calculated value on each factor.

Question 57

If the regression equation is: Y = 12.43 + 0.64X1 + 0.25X2, then the predicted value for Y when X1 = 2 and X2 = 4 is approximately:

A) 10.15.
B) 12.71.
C) 15.49.
D) 14.71.

Question 58

A variable that is coded as either zero or one and has two distinct levels is called a(n):

A) regression variable.
B) dummy variable.
C) continuous variable.
D) eigenvalue.

Question 59

When a researcher is attempting to predict sales volume by using building permits, amount of advertising and the income levels of residents, he or she is using:

A) factor analysis.
B) logistic regression analysis.
C) multiple regression analysis.
D) multiple discriminant analysis.

Question 60

In order to remove the effects of a third (or more) variable on the relationship between two interval- or ratio-scaled variables, which of the following techniques is appropriate?

A) n-way analysis of variance
B) Partial correlation
C) Logistic regression
D) n-way cross tabulation

Question 61

In n-way cross tabulation, the combined effect of a 'lurking variable', with different group sizes, is an example of _________ _______.

Question 62

In multiple regression analysis, the ____________ ___________ is consulted to determine which independent variable has the greatest influence on the dependent variable.

Question 63

A type of graphical representation that helps the researcher to decide how many groups are appropriate is called a:

A) perceptual map.
B) dendogram.
C) crosstabulation.
D) correlation matrix.

Question 64

In multiple regression analysis, the ___________ is consulted to determine whether the independent variables acting together can explain the variation in the dependent variable.

Question 65

To facilitate market segmentation by identifying subjects or individuals who have similar needs, lifestyles or responses to marketing strategies, which of the following statistical procedures would be appropriate?

A) Multidimensional scaling
B) Discriminant analysis
C) Cluster analysis
D) Factor analysis

Question 66

In a prestige car study, respondents were asked to rate the similarity of a BMW to a Mercedes, a Jaguar and other vehicles. Which statistical procedure would you recommend to analyse the data collected?

A) Multidimensional scaling
B) Discriminant analysis
C) Cluster analysis
D) Conjoint analysis

Question 67

The sum of the squared factor loadings for each variable is known as _____________.

Question 68

Multivariate techniques where no variable is to be predicted from or explained by the other variables are known as _______________ methods.

Question 69

An analysis of two nonmetric variables after accounting for the effects of a third (or more), nonmetric variable is called _____ _____ tabulation.

Question 70

When information contained in one independent variable is also contained in the other independent variable, the effect is known as _________________.

Question 71

The purpose of multiple ____________ analysis is to predict a nonmetric dependent variable based on a combination of two or more metric independent variables.

Question 72

Multivariate techniques that are used to explain or predict the dependent variable on the basis of two or more independent variables are known as __________ methods.

Question 73

Which of the following statements about multidimensional scaling is not true?

A) It shows how objects are perceived by consumers through a visual display.
B) The perceptual difference among objects is reflected in the relative distance among objects in the multidimensional space.
C) It provides a means of measuring objects in multidimensional space on the basis of measures of the similarity of objects.
D) The labelling of the dimension axis is statistically determined.

Question 74

If a researcher wishes to discover natural groups of cases, then he or she should use:

A) factor analysis.
B) cluster analysis.
C) conjoint analysis.
D) discriminant analysis.

Question 75

Factors that are __________ have zero correlation with each other, and are considered to be independent of each of the other factors.

Question 76

Which of the following is not an interdependence method of analysis?

A) Exploratory factor analysis
B) Discriminant analysis
C) Cluster analysis
D) Multidimensional scaling

Question 77

A(n) _____ variable has two distinct levels that are coded as 0 and 1.

Question 78

In cluster analysis, a graphical representation that helps the researcher decide how many clusters are appropriate is called a(n) _________.

Question 79

In the context of factor analysis, a(n) __________ can be interpreted as the number of variables-worth of information contained in each factor.

Question 80

In ____________ cluster analysis, all of the objects start as separate clusters on their own. and then the two clusters that are 'closest', or most similar to one another, are joined together to make a new cluster; then, the next two closest clusters are joined, and then the next two, and so on, until all clusters are joined together.