Deck 11: Data Preparation

Question 1

When coding multiple-response questions where respondents are asked to tick all answers that apply, each option is assigned a number according to its listed sequence.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A coding category must be exhaustive; that is, it should be provided for all subjects, objects and responses.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Data cleaning is a process used to determine completeness, outliers and logical consistency in the data.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

ANOVA test is important for understanding distribution of data.

Question 5

In order to understand spread of data, the upper and lower quartile ranges are calculated.

Question 6

Data editing is often done by hand and is time consuming.

Question 7

It is always important to work on an original data file, never work with a copy.

Question 8

The best way to deal with data analysis problem is to ensure the reliability of the data after data gathering stage.

Question 9

The purpose of coding is to ensure that the data are complete, consistent and readable.

Question 10

Item non-response is term assigned to a respondent refusal to participate in the study.

Question 11

Data scientists and data analysts report that between 60% and 80% of their time is spent on data analysis.

Question 12

Coding is an assignment of numerical scores or classifying symbols to data.

Question 13

Research firms need to carefully maintain data coding system that helps maximise data integrity.

Question 14

When a researcher asks the respondent a question, only if the answer in a previous question is stated in a particular way; this is called design for logical consistency.

Question 15

Data analysis is process of cleaning and transforming raw data prior to analysis.

Question 16

Artificial intelligence tools can detect logs for suspiciously quick responses to detect for fraudulent responses.

Question 17

Many statistical packages are case-sensitive, that is 'Male' and 'male' are interpreted differently.

Question 18

Many data sets are deliberately set up such that missing values have a special code, e.g. '99' so that these are easily identifiable by humans.

Question 19

Raw data requires coding before the analysis.

Question 20

Multiple-response questions must be treated as a single question, with a field given for each option.

Question 21

Open-ended questions are usually not suitable for telephonic interviews.

Question 22

Open-ended questions are useful when researcher wants to understand motivation for a particular response.

Question 23

One should never substitute missing value to:

A) 9999
B) 99
C) 999
D) 0

Question 24

Qualitative data may be subjective in parts, as well as its analysis.

Question 25

Which of the following involves systematic looking for suspicious features in assessment questionnaires and databases?

A) screening
B) treatment
C) coding
D) diagnosis

Question 26

What is always helpful for understanding distribution of data?

A) descriptive analysis
B) correlation analysis
C) ANOVA analysis
D) t-test

Question 27

The assignment of numbers to edited data is known as:

A) editing.
B) recording.
C) coding.
D) recoding.

Question 28

Coding open-ended questions is a very complex issue.

Question 29

Indigenous category is a term used by respondent with a particular meaning and significance in their setting.

Question 30

Which of the following requires an in-depth understanding of all types and sources of possible errors during the data collection and entry processes:

A) screening
B) diagnosis
C) treatment
D) codebook

Question 31

Which of the following is not a possible way for detecting fraudulent responses?

A) checking for location
B) speed of response
C) consistency in response
D) incompleteness of response

Question 32

Many researchers worry about __________ the most as this is only thing that can be measured with confidence.

A) sample size
B) validity
C) reliability
D) variance

Question 33

Which of the following are two basic rules for code-construction?

A) inclusive; independent
B) inclusive, dependent
C) mutually exclusive; independent
D) mutually exclusive; dependent

Question 34

A major objective in the code-building process is to accurately transfer the meanings from written responses to numeric codes.

Question 35

If qualitative research is done well, then often, for the purpose of the business decision, there is no need to carry out further quantitative research

Question 36

A codebook identifies all, except:

A) variable description
B) code name
C) position in the data matrix
D) missing value

Question 37

_____________ means identifying the nature of the defective data.

A) screening
B) diagnosis
C) treatment
D) codebook

Question 38

Pair-wise detection is a good way of handling missing data in most applications as it preserves information and amenable to even advanced statistical procedures.

Question 39

Closed-ended questions should be avoided in survey questionnaire.

Question 40

Which of the following is not an interrelated rule to make dataset tidy?

A) Each variable must have its own column.
B) Each variable must have its own row.
C) Each variable must have its own cell.
D) Each variable must have a coded-value.

Question 41

Which of the following is not true about MAXQDA?

A) MAXQDA is little less complicated to learn than NVivo.
B) MAXQDA interface comprises of six windows.
C) MAXQDA has a coding schema.
D) MAXQDA is flexible and easier to use program.

Question 42

The tallying of a small sample of total number of replies to a particular question in order to construct coding categories is known as:

A) code building
B) test tabulation
C) cross tabulation
D) recoding.

Question 43

Which of the following is not a good example of qualitative data source?

A) focus group
B) interviews
C) survey
D) text from local news stories about a particular issue over a period of time

Question 44

Which of the following is not true about NVivo?

A) NVivo is less complicated to learn than MAXQDA.
B) NVivo is more flexible in handling data.
C) NVivo produces more specialised output.
D) NVivo is very easy to use to find similar words.

Question 45

All of the following are reasons we might choose a qualitative research method, except:

A) to develop theory.
B) to uncover possible reasons for a phenomenon.
C) to learn the triggers for an event to occur.
D) to learn the strength of a relationship.

Question 46

Which of the following is about physically handling the text such as using eyeballing?

A) unmarked text
B) pawing.
C) metaphors.
D) transitions.

Question 47

When coding qualitative data, a researcher may come across terms used by the respondent that have a particular meaning and significance to the setting. This is known as a(n):

A) indigenous category.
B) connector.
C) emergent code.
D) a priori code.

Question 48

Which of the following is not a classification of coding strategy?

A) Word repetitions
B) Compare and contrast
C) Social science queries
D) NVivo

Question 49

Which of the following codes appear in the process of reading ad examining the data codes created before data have been gathered and examined, usually drawn from existing theory and current knowledge of the research domain?

A) A priori codes
B) Emergent codes
C) Demand codes
D) Indigenous codes

Question 50

Data cleaning occurs at which stage of the data analysis process?

A) Data editing
B) Data coding
C) Data entry
D) Data analysis

Question 51

Which of the following statement is not true about qualitative research?

A) Qualitative data may be subjective in part, but analysis of such data should not be.
B) Qualitative method is used to investigate strength of relationship between two or more variables.
C) In a qualitative study, coding has a role of organising and sorting data.
D) Qualitative method is used to investigate reason for something.

Question 52

Which of the following is a cloud based service that permits the user to quickly see graphic representations of raw data and make transformations and recodes?

A) Trifecta wrangler
B) Tableau prep
C) Python
D) R statistic

Question 53

Which of the following is a data-visualisation package and dashboard tool that integrates well with many different online services and data types?

A) Microsoft Power
B) Micro Strategy
C) Qlik Sense
D) Python

Question 54

Which of the following coding strategy alert to the possibility of the new idea contained in the pieces of text that have already been coded?

A) Memos and codes
B) Constant comparison
C) Key-words-in-context
D) Connectors

Question 55

In test tabulation, what is the typical percentage of responses from completed questionnaires that a researcher will use to create coding categories?

A) 10 per cent
B) 20 per cent
C) 30 per cent
D) 40 per cent

Question 56

The process of using a computer to convert original codes used for raw data into codes that are suitable for analysis is known as:

A) field.
B) recording.
C) recoding.
D) coding.

Question 57

Codes that are established before examining the data are known as:

A) A priori codes
B) Emergent codes
C) Demand codes
D) Indigenous codes

Question 58

When the researcher coding qualitative data is looking for causal or logical links between terms, they are using a coding strategy known as:

A) constant comparison.
B) transitions.
C) connectors.
D) pawing.

Question 59

If a seven-point scale for variable 1 (VAR1) is to be recoded, which of the following programming statement might be used to subtract the original code from score 8?

A) VAR7 = 8 - VAR1
B) NEWVAR1 = 8 - VAR7
C) NEWVAR8 = 8 - VAR7
D) NEWVAR1 = 8 - VAR1

Question 60

Which of the following is not conducted or developed before the survey?

A) Pre-test
B) Code-book
C) Design for logical consistency
D) Screening

Question 61

Which of the following is not true about code building process?

A) Code building is used to accurately transfer meaning from numeric codes to written responses.
B) Code building is based on thoughts, not just words.
C) Result of code building should be a list.
D) Code building list should be in orderly form.

Question 62

A record that identifies each variable in a study, and gives variable description, code name and position in the data matrix is called:

A) recoding
B) codebook
C) cross-tabulation
D) test-tabulation

Question 63

Which of the following coding strategy refers to notes to researcher and team during coding process?

A) Memos and codes
B) Constant comparison
C) Key-words-in-context
D) Connectors

Question 64

Which of the following coding strategy refers to traditional technique of making photocopy of all transcripts and pasting them onto cards.

A) Pawing
B) Key-words-in-context
C) Cutting and sorting
D) Constant comparison

Question 65

Which of the following approach a researcher can use in Qualtrics so that respondent do not see the question that researcher do not want them to

Question 66

Which of the following is performed after the survey?

A) Pre-test
B) Detecting fraudulent responses
C) Develop a code book
D) Design for logical consistency

Question 67

In the process of organising and sorting, a researcher must carefully think about all, except:

A) events
B) motivations
C) contingencies
D) results