Deck 4: Why Be Ethical

Question 1

Humans are different from animals because

A) we are members of the kingdom of mammals
B) humans have a sophisticated survival kit
C) man is locked into his environment
D) none of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Religion is different from ethical formalism and utilitarianism because it clearly prescribes the idea that behaving in an ethical manner is central to one's humanity, that morality defines our humanity so that if we lose our morality we cease being fully human.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The most common form of sanction used for abuse of social norms is

A) arrest
B) fine
C) social ostracism
D) probation

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Generally speaking, the duty of the police is comprised of three distinct functions. Which is not one of these functions?

A) educating the public about the law
B) service
C) order maintenance
D) law enforcement

Question 5

Frequent technological change, in combination with the morphing of the social fabric into a new and different reality every few years, creates anomic feelings of epidemic proportions because people can naturally react this way to instability.

Question 6

Ethics includes the concept that all people should be concerned with

A) values, norms of conduct, ethics, morals, and character
B) valuables, norms of conduct, ethics, morals, and character
C) values, normal conduct, ethics, morals, and character
D) values, conductors, ethics, morals, and character

Question 7

Animals are locked into the immediacy of the present physical environment where sensory input is their only source of information.

Question 8

Nature-that is, biological evolution-has fitted human beings to a specific environment.

Question 9

Police officers are rarely confronted with ethical questions and ethical dilemmas in their professional lives.

Question 10

Human codes of conduct

A) seek to control our animalistic or hedonistic impulses
B) seek to control our animalistic or humanistic impulses
C) seek to control our cannibalistic or hedonistic impulses
D) seek to control our cannibalistic or humanistic impulses

Question 11

Historically, two inventions separated humans from animals:

A) tools and music
B) tools and society
C) the ability to procreate and adapt
D) walking and swimming

Question 12

____________ are locked into the immediacy of the present physical environment where sensory input is their only source of information.

A) humans
B) primates
C) animals
D) fish

Question 13

Ethical formalism is not absolute, rationalization is permitted.

Question 14

_________ is unique to human beings, outside the range of anything an animal can do.

A) language
B) walking
C) aggressive behavior
D) community

Question 15

In addition to the individual, who has responsibility for making people good?

A) family
B) community
C) religion
D) all of the above

Question 16

Generally speaking, the duty of the police is comprised of three distinct functions: service, disorder maintenance, and law enforcement.

Question 17

All rules of behavior are written down and made into laws.

Question 18

A person's conduct is the product of what he or she understands.

Question 19

Language is unique to human beings, outside the range of anything an animal can do.

Question 20

Victimless crimes include all except

A) prostitution
B) burglary
C) drug use
D) gambling

Question 21

Coercive power

A) should only be used as a last resort
B) should always be used first
C) involves using logic and persuasion
D) is synonymous with reciprocal power

Question 22

Three perspectives of ethical thought are

A) ethical formalism, utilitarianism, and religion
B) ethical formalism, religion, and morality
C) ethical formalism, absolutism, and utilitarianism
D) ethical formalism, absolutism, and Kantism

Question 23

As an exercise in understanding the nature of Toffler's notions about "future shock," construct an essay that reflects upon what you thought the future would be like when you were young. When you were a kid, what did you think it would be like "out there in the future"? Did you expect that we would all have our own helicopters? That we would be able to travel in transporters (like in Star Trek)? Did you think that poverty or ignorance or war would be "over forever"? Have some fun with this; Instructors should have the class share these ideas and, again, have some fun with the concept.

Question 24

Power

A) is absolute
B) has no limitation
C) is the ability to exercise control over others
D) cannot be exercised by police

Question 25

Power prioritization means

A) utilizing the several forms of power in their appropriate order
B) utilizing the most coercive power first
C) living a "green" life
D) working out in the police gymnasium

Question 26

Discuss examples of the three types of power. Use non-police examples first and then move to consider some police-related uses of exhortative, reciprocal, and coercive power. Then discuss the idea of power prioritization and why Muir believes this is a critical idea for police officers.

Question 27

Rules that take the form of laws apply to

A) everyone
B) everywhere
C) all of the time
D) all of the above

Question 28

Police power

A) is limited to arrest and deadly force
B) is only related to the use of violence
C) includes the use of logic and intellectual persuasion
D) comes in only one form

Question 29

The followers of utilitarianism believe that being ethical is something everyone should do because

A) God demands it
B) if we don't we go to jail
C) it provides the greatest common good
D) reason requires it of us

Question 30

People suffering from anomie can

A) react with outrage
B) claim that it is society that is lost and confused
C) commit suicide
D) all of the above

Question 31

The followers of ethical formalism believe that being ethical is something everyone should do because

A) God demands it
B) if we don't we go to jail
C) it provides the greatest common good
D) reason requires it of us

Question 32

Discuss why "ethics make us human." Why do philosophers and religious authorities agree that the single most important difference between the animal kingdom and human beings is this propensity to create moral codes and control natural instincts?

Question 33

There are three types of police power

A) exhortative, arrest, and deadly force
B) exhortative, reciprocal, and coercive
C) generative, reciprocal, and physical
D) exhortative, universal, and absolute

Question 34

The "Fort Apache syndrome" refers to

A) the propensity of police officers to get into an "us against them" mode vis-à-vis the public
B) watching old western movies
C) police and citizens working together as community protection
D) none of the above

Question 35

The authors suggest that police officers are regularly confronted with details wherein "both sides are right." Discuss examples of such ethical dilemmas or confrontations where the police have to "referee" between citizens (or groups of citizens), each of whom is, from his or her perspective, right.

Question 36

According to social historians Daniel Bell and Alvin Toffler, there has been more change in human affairs since World War II than in the previous ____________ years.

A) fifty
B) five million
C) five thousand
D) five hundred

Question 37

Consider the idea that there are numerous reasons for being ethical. What are they? Which is the most convincing to you? Can you think of other reasons, either more specific or more general, for people to want to behave in an ethical manner? How about police officers?

Question 38

Until a couple of hundred years ago, in their entire lifetime few people traveled further than _____ miles from the bed they were born in.

A) fifty
B) five thousand
C) five hundred
D) five

Question 39

It is the job of ____________ to instill ethics (social norms, rules, and laws) in us.

A) mental institutions
B) social institutions
C) social constitutions
D) none of the above

Question 40

Anomie

A) was first described by sociologist Emile Durkheim
B) is a feeling of normlessness
C) is often felt by suicidal people
D) all of the above