Deck 10: Patterns of Inheritance

Question 1

In a monohybrid cross, how many traits are examined?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Answer 1

A

Question 2

If an individual expresses a dominant disease, which of the following is true?

A) All of his children will always inherit the disease.
B) He will pass this disease to all of his daughters.
C) There is at least a 50% probability that his children will inherit the disease.
D) There is a 100% possibility that his sons will inherit this disease.
E) None of his children will inherit the disease unless his wife also has the disease.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) pollen - male
B) stigma - female
C) anther - female
D) ovule - female
E) stamen - male

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is true with regards to the law of independent assortment?

A) Each individual has two factors for each trait.
B) Genes segregate during gamete formation.
C) Gametes contain only one gene from each pair.
D) During fertilization, each new individual obtains two genes for each trait.
E) Each pair of alleles assorts independently of the other allele pairs.

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?

A) AAGg
B) freckles
C) AA
D) Ag
E) Gg

Question 6

A couple has three children, two of which have blonde hair. The third child and both parents have dark hair. What can be determined about the gene for hair color in this family?

A) Blonde hair color is an autosomal recessive trait.
B) Blonde hair color is an autosomal dominant trait.
C) Blonde hair color is a sex-linked dominant trait.
D) Blonde hair coloris a sex-linked recessive trait.
E) Blonde hair colorconveys a lethal mutation.

Question 7

Sickle-cell disease is caused by a single mutation in the DNA of a particular gene. A person with this disease has red blood cells that lose their original donut shape and form a sickle shape. People with this disorder suffer from low energy levels, blood clots, and strokes. This is an example of

A) a multifactorial trait.
B) polygenic inheritance.
C) pleiotropy.
D) codominance.
E) incomplete dominance.

Question 8

The garden pea was a good model for Mendel's genetics experiments. Which of the following is a true statement regarding this model organism?

A) The plants were easy to grow.
B) Pea plants can either cross-pollinate or self-pollinate.
C) All inheritance patterns were simple.
D) Most of the traits studied had no intermediate stage.
E) All of the above are true statements.

Question 9

In a one-trait testcross, a homozygous dominant individual is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual. Which phenotype will be absent in the F ₁ generation?

A) dominant trait.
B) negative trait.
C) recessive trait.
D) heterozygote.
E) homozygote.

Question 10

If a heterozygous dominant tall pea plant is crossed with a short pea plant, what is the expected phenotypic ratio?

A) 1 tall:1 short
B) 1 tall:2 short
C) 3 tall:1 short
D) all tall
E) all short

Question 11

Skin color is coded for by several different genes which results in a range of skin colors from very dark to very light. This is an example of

A) a multifactorial trait.
B) polygenic inheritance.
C) pleiotropy.
D) codominance.
E) incomplete dominance.

Question 12

The filled-in squares of a Punnett square represent

A) the gametes from both parents.
B) all possible combinations of gametes based on a cross between the two parents.
C) an exact ratio that must always occur when the same parents have four offspring.
D) examples of some of the offspring that can arise from a one-trait cross.
E) the gametes from one parent.

Question 13

What does true-breeding mean?

A) When the plant is pollinated, all the offspring resemble the parent and are heterozygotes.
B) The organism can be cross-pollinated.
C) When the plant self-pollinates, all the offspring resemble the parent, and arehomozygous for that gene.
D) The organism is easy to cultivate.
E) The organism cannot be cultivated.

Question 14

If both parents express a particular trait, but their child does not, what does this indicate about the trait?

A) The trait is an autosomal dominant trait.
B) The trait is an autosomal recessive trait.
C) The trait is sex-linked recessive.
D) The trait is sex-linked dominant.
E) This is a lethal trait.

Question 15

Alleles are

A) dominant genes.
B) recessive genes.
C) two versions of the same gene.
D) alternate versions of the same gene.
E) sister chromatids.

Question 16

Alleles that are linked on the same chromosome will always assort independently during meiosis.

Question 17

Determine if the following statement is true or false. Parents with the dominant phenotype cannot have offspring with the recessive phenotype.

A) True, because the dominant gene must be passed down from each parent.
B) True, because at least one dominant gene will be passed down from each parent.
C) False, because one parent could be heterozygous.
D) False, because both parents could be heterozygous.
E) True, because both parents have the dominant allele.

Question 18

Which variable(s) will determine the coat color of a Himalayan rabbit?

A) only genetics
B) only the environmental temperature
C) both genetics and environmental temperature
D) neither genetics or environmental temperature

Question 19

If a true-breeding tall pea plant is crossed with a tall pea plant of unknown parentage, which of the following is correct?

A) All of the offspring (F ₁) will be short.
B) Over several generations, no short individuals will appear.
C) Some short individuals may appear in the F ₂ generation.
D) It is impossible to determine based on the information provided.
E) Some of the F ₁ generation will be short.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about an individual with the chromosomes shown in this figure?

A) All offspring will have the dominant phenotype for each trait.
B) All offspring will have the recessive phenotype for each trait.
C) The individual is homozygous for all traits.
D) The individual is heterozygous for all traits.
E) The individual is homozygous for at least one trait.

Question 21

Matt buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the albino allele. Matt mates the snake with an albino female, and four normally pigmented offspring are produced. Matt rushes back to the snake dealer and demands his money back stating that the male he bought is not heterozygous for the albino allele because all of its offspring had normal pigmentation. Is Matt justified in his accusation?

A) Yes, because according to the laws of probability, at least one of the offspring should have been albino.
B) Yes, because 50% of all offspring produced must be albino.
C) No, because for each offspring, there is a 50% chance that it will have normal pigmentation.
D) No, because a heterozygous male will only pass the dominant allele to its offspring.
E) Yes, because if at least one parent is homozygous recessive, at least one of their offspring must also show the recessive trait.

Question 22

If the parental genotype is EeWw, what are the potential allele combinations that could occur at the end of meiosis?

A) EW, Ew, eW, and ew
B) EW, EE, eW, and ww
C) WW, Ew, EW, and ew
D) EE, WW, ee, and ww
E) EW, Ew, ee and ww

Question 23

In fruit flys, long-wings (L) is dominant to short-wings (l) and a gray body color (G) is dominant to black body color (b). A long-winged Drosophila female with a gray body mates with a black, short-winged male fly (llgg). The phenotypic ratio of the offspring is 1:1:1:1. What is the genotype of the female fly?

A) LlGg
B) LLGG
C) llgg
D) LLgg
E) llGG

Question 24

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) physical expression of a trait - phenotype
B) allele that masks the expression of an alternate allele - dominant
C) identical alleles - heterozygous
D) allele whose expression can be masked by an alternate allele - recessive
E) the specific alleles that an individual has - genotype

Question 25

Matt breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced six offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino. What do you know about the genotype of the father?

A) He must be homozygous dominant.
B) He must be heterozygous.
C) He must be homozygous recessive.
D) He could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.
E) There is not enough information to determine the father's genotype.

Question 26

In a dihybrid cross where both parents are heterozygous, the expected phenotypic ratio is

A) 1:2:1.
B) 9:3:3:1.
C) 1:1:1.
D) 3:1.
E) 1:1:1:1.

Question 27

Matt breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced six offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino. What do you know about the genotype of the baby snakes with the normal coloration?

A) They must be homozygous dominant.
B) They must be homozygous recessive.
C) They must be heterozygous.
D) They could be either heterozygous or homozygous dominant.
E) There is not enough information to determine their genotype, but we know that they must carry the dominant allele.

Question 28

Which of the following is an inaccurate statement about human blood types?

A) I ^A represents antigen A on red blood cells.
B) A person with AB blood has two different antigens on their red blood cells.
C) The allele representing blood type O is recessive.
D) Human blood genetics involves multiple alleles and an individual can have up to three different blood alleles.
E) When inherited together, A and B blood types exhibit codominance.

Question 29

The outcome of a genetic cross involving eye color and body type is predicted to have a 25%: 25%: 25%: 25% ratio. When bred, the organisms produced offspring with the following ratio 45%: 45%: 3%: 3%. These results are most likely due to

A) the two genes in question being linked on the same chromosome.
B) a spontaneous mutation within the offspring.
C) pure chance.
D) an inaccurate prediction for the 25%: 25%: 25%: 25% ratio.
E) the two genes being on separate chromosomes.

Question 30

A cow with black and white patches is produced from a white bull and a black cow. This is an example of

A) incomplete dominance.
B) codominance.
C) dominance/recessive trait.
D) polygenic.
E) pleiotropy.

Question 31

Determine if the following statement is true or false. A man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B can have a baby with blood type O.

A) True, because although A and B are the dominant blood types, both individuals could carry a type O allele.
B) False, the child must have type AB blood.
C) True, because A and B are codominant.
D) False, because type A and B are dominant blood types and these individuals cannot have offspring with the recessive blood type.
E) True, because only one O allele is needed.

Question 32

Which of the following is mismatched?

A) physical expression of a trait - phenotype
B) allele that masks expression of alternate allele - dominant
C) identical alleles - heterozygous
D) allele whose expression can be masked by an alternate allele - recessive
E) the specific alleles that an individual has - genotype

Question 33

Matt buys a male python from a snake dealer who tells him that the snake carries the albino allele. What is the most effective way for Morgan to verify this statement?

A) Breed the snake with a heterozygous female.
B) Breed the snake with a homozygous normal female.
C) Breed the snake with a female sibling.
D) Breed the snake with a homozygous recessive albino female.
E) He can breed the snake with any female, and a portion of the offspring will always be albino.

Question 34

If a homozygous black bull is mated with a homozygous white cow and the calf is gray, this would be an example of ________. However, if the calf has black and white spots, this would be an example of________.

A) incomplete dominance; a sex-linked trait
B) complete dominance; polygenic trait
C) codominance; homology
D) incomplete dominance; codominance
E) a sex-linked trait; a recessive trait

Question 35

A heterozygote for a trait exhibiting incomplete dominance will

A) express the dominant trait.
B) express the recessive trait.
C) exhibit an intermediate phenotype.
D) express both alleles.
E) exhibit an intermediate genotype.

Question 36

Megan has a widow's peak (dominant trait) and attached earlobes (recessive trait). Megan's dad has a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. What is Megan's genotype?

A) WWEE
B) WwEE
C) wwee
D) WwEe
E) Wwee

Question 37

Matt breeds and sells snakes. He knows that he can make the most money by breeding and selling albino snakes. Albinism is a recessive trait. His female albino corn snake just produced six offspring. Two displayed normal coloration and four were albino. What is the chance that another offspring produced by the same parents will be albino?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 38

What are all possible gametes that can be produced by an individual with the following genotype:FFGg?

A) FG, Fg
B) FF, Gg
C) Fg
D) FG, Fg, fG, fg
E) Fg, fG

Question 39

Megan has a widow's peak (dominant trait) and attached earlobes (recessive trait). Megan's dad has a straight hairline and unattached earlobes. If Megan marries a man that is heterozygous for both traits, what is the probability that they will have a child with a widow's peak and attached earlobes?

A) 1/16
B) 3/8
C) 1/4
D) 1/2
E) 3/4

Question 40

During meiosis, each pair of alleles on the homologous chromosomes sorts independently from all other pairs of alleles. This statement corresponds to

A) the rule of multiplication.
B) the law of segregation.
C) the law of probability.
D) gene theory.
E) the law of independent assortment.

Question 41

Alport syndrome, a dominantly inherited X-linked disorder, is characterized by glomerulonephritis, end-stage kidney disease, and hearing loss. A mother with alport disease, whose father was unaffected, marries an unaffected man. What are the chances that she would give birth to a son with alport syndrome?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 42

Which genetic disorder is associated with an irregular shape of the red blood cells?

A) sickle-cell disease
B) Marfan syndrome
C) Huntington disease
D) phenylketonuria (PKU)
E) cystic fibrosis (CF)

Question 43

Both parents are heterozygous for Tay-Sachs disease (an autosomal recessive disorder). Three children in a row were born with Tay-Sachs disease. What is the chance that a fourth child will have Tay-Sachs disease?

A) 25%
B) 0%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 44

In fruit flies, red-eyes are dominant to white-eyes. In addition, eye color is a sex-linked trait. If a homozygous red-eyed female Drosophila mates with a red-eyed male Drosophila. What proportion of the female offspring will have white eyes?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 45

Which of the following is an autosomal dominant disorder?

A) Huntington's disease
B) sickle-cell disease
C) alkaptonuria
D) cystic fibrosis
E) methemoglobinemia

Question 46

A blue-eyed, left-handed woman marries a brown-eyed, right-handed man who is heterozygous for both of histraits. If blue eyes and left-handedness are recessive, how many different phenotypes are possible in their children?

A) four
B) three
C) two
D) one
E) five

Question 47

Red-green color blindness is a recessive X-linked trait. If a female is red-green color-blind, which of the following is true?

A) Her mother must be color-blind.
B) Both her parents must be color-blind.
C) Both her parents are carriers of the recessive allele.
D) Her father must be color-blind.
E) Women cannot exhibit red-green color blindness because they have two X chromosomes.

Question 48

A woman with type AB blood marries a man who is heterozygous for type B blood. If they have children, what are all the possible blood types for the children?

A) AB only
B) AB, AA, AO, and BO
C) AB, BB, AO, and BO
D) BB only
E) AA, BB, and AB

Question 49

In fruit flies, red-eyes are dominant to white-eyes. In addition, eye color is a sex-linked trait. A red-eyed male Drosophila mates with a red-eyed female Drosophila. One of the female's parents had white eyes. What proportion of the male offspring will have white eyes?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 50

Linked genes

A) always assort independently.
B) undergo crossing-over of sister chromatids at a high rate.
C) are found on homologous chromosomes.
D) never cross over during prophase I.
E) tend to be close together on the same chromosome.

Question 51

Which of the following is true in regards to an autosomal recessive pedigree?

A) Heterozygotes have a normal phenotype.
B) Affected children will have at least one affected parent.
C) Heterozygotes are affected.
D) Males are affected more often than females.
E) The trait is carried on the Y chromosome.

Question 52

A male is always homozygous for a trait that is

A) codominant.
B) X-linked.
C) autosomal.
D) dominant.
E) dihybrid.

Question 53

Unattached earlobes (EE or Ee) are dominant over attached earlobes (ee). A couple both have unattached earlobes but each one has a parent with attached earlobes (ee). Therefore, they correctly assume that they are carriers for attached earlobes (Ee). If the couple proceeds to have four children, then

A) they can be certain that three will be heterozygous and one homozygous recessive.
B) if the first three are heterozygous, the fourth must be homozygous recessive.
C) the children must repeat the grandparents' genotype (Ee).
D) all children must have unattached earlobes since both parents possess the dominant gene for it.
E) two heterozygous, one homozygous dominant, and one homozygous recessive is a likely outcome, but all heterozygous, or two, three, or all four homozygous is also possible.

Question 54

Hydrangeas are a flowering plant with large showy blooms. When a plant is grown in acidic soil, it has blue flowers; if the same plant is transplanted into soil that is alkaline, the flowers produced will be pink. This is an example of

A) environmental influence.
B) codominance.
C) incomplete dominance.
D) polygenetic inheritance.
E) monohybrid inheritance.

Question 55

Traits that are controlled by several sets or pairs of alleles, such as skin color and height in humans, are the result of what form of inheritance?

A) polygenic
B) incomplete dominance
C) multiple allele systems
D) simple Mendelian inheritance
E) codominance

Question 56

Which of the following is a true statement?

A) Females can be heterozygous for sex-linked traits.
B) All traits on the sex chromosomes are associated with sexual development.
C) Males inherit two copies of the SRY gene.
D) The X and Y chromosomes are homologous.
E) Men pass their X-linked traits to their sons.

Question 57

What genetic disorder is associated with the lack of an enzyme necessary for the normal metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine?

A) phenylketonuria (PKU)
B) Marfan syndrome
C) Huntington disease
D) sickle-cell disease
E) cystic fibrosis (CF)

Question 58

Hunter syndrome is a rare genetic disorder in which large sugar molecules called glycosaminoglycans build up in body tissues. Hunter syndrome causes abnormalities in many organs, including the skeleton, heart, and respiratory system. In severe cases, this leads to death during the teenage years. Hunter syndrome is caused by a recessive gene on the X chromosome. If a woman who is normal (but had a father with the disease) marries a normal man, what are the chances of having a daughter affected by the disease?

A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 100%

Question 59

On one chromosome, the allele for white eyes is located at loci 12 and the allele for a hairy body is located at loci 16. On a second chromosome, the allele for red eyes is located at loci 15 and the allele for a normal body is located at loci 17. Which allele combination has the greater map distance?

A) white eyes and hairy body
B) white eyes and normal body
C) red eyes and normal body
D) red eyes and hairy body
E) white eyes and red eyes

Question 60

Which of the following is a sex-linked recessive disorder?

A) color blindness
B) Marfan syndrome
C) sickle-cell disease
D) cystic fibrosis
E) alkaptonuria

Question 61

What is the inheritance pattern of Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A) sex-linked recessive
B) sex-linked dominant
C) codominance
D) pleiotropic
E) polygenic inheritance

Question 62

Cold weather can change what aspect of a Himalayan rabbit?

A) phenotype
B) genotype
C) alleles
D) sex
E) rate of genetic mutations

Question 63

Primroses have white flowers when grown above 32°C but red flowers when grown at 24°C. This interaction between phenotypic expression and environment is an example of

A) epistasis.
B) polygenictraits.
C) pleiotropy.
D) environmental influence.
E) codominance.

Question 64

What is the inheritance pattern of hemophila?

A) sex-linked recessive
B) sex-linked dominant
C) codominance
D) polygenic
E) pleiotropic

Question 65

People who suffer fromMarfan syndrome have disproportionately long limbs, a weakened aorta, and poor eyesight. All of these characteristics are due to the production of abnormal connective tissue, resulting from a single defective gene. Marfan syndrome is an example of

A) pleiotropy.
B) polygenic inheritance.
C) multiple allelism.
D) epistasis.
E) codominance.