Deck 4: Pavlovian Applications

Question 1

People are most likely to come to tolerate painful and humiliating events if these events consistently .

A)precede positive events
B)occur simultaneously with positive events
C)follow positive events
D)occur by themselves over a long period

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The Watson and Rayner experiment with Little Albert involved the procedure known as .

A)trace conditioning
B)delayed conditioning
C)simultaneous conditioning
D)backward conditioning

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The research that is most helpful to an understanding of racial prejudice is probably that of .

A)Watson and Rayner
B)Garcia
C)Pavlov
D)Staats and Staats

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The most recent variation of counterconditioning involves .

A)programmed texts
B)psychoactive drugs
C)virtual reality
D)sleep conditioning

Question 5

If a person sneezes after coming close to a realistic-looking artificial flower, you can be pretty sure that he or she is .

A)allergic to plastic
B)allergic to pollen
C)faking
D)nearsighted

Question 6

Elnora Stuart and colleagues paired slides of pleasant scenes with .

A)hair tonic
B)shampoo
C)toothpaste
D)milk

Question 7

Pedophilia is sometimes treated with a form of counterconditioning called .

A)sexual reorientation
B)surrogate training
C)sexual inhibition therapy
D)aversion therapy

Question 8

Senatorial candidate Smith's popularity increased dramatically after he was seen on television shaking hands with a very popular public figure.This is probably an example of .

A)preconditioning
B)emotional conditioning
C)masochistic behavior
D)backward conditioning

Question 9

The CS and US in the Garcia et al.experiment were .

A)flavored water and radiation
B)bell and food
C)food and bell
D)light and loud buzzer

Question 10

Conditioned suppression is used as a measure of .

A)anger
B)love
C)hate
D)fear

Question 11

In therapy, a stimulus that elicits an inappropriate response is paired with an aversive stimulus such as shock or an emetic drug.

A)counter-
B)adversive
C)aversion
D)shock

Question 12

Little Albert has grown up and sees a therapist for treatment of his fear of laboratory rats and other white, furry things.The therapist is most likely to treat him by repeatedly pairing a piece of white fur with a .

A)loud noise
B)piece of brown fur
C)blast of air in his eye
D)short piece of Albert's favorite music

Question 13

Blue jays usually do not eat Monarch butterflies.This is an example of a/an .

A)conditioned taste aversion
B)fixed action pattern
C)unconditional response
D)conditioned emotional response

Question 14

Garcia's first experiment on taste aversion was unusual in that the .

A)subjects were pigeons
B)interval between CS and US was several minutes
C)US was very weak
D)CS was very intense

Question 15

The use of euphemisms is best explained by the work of .

A)Watson
B)Jones
C)Staats and Staats
D)Pavlov

Question 16

Conditioned Reflexes and Psychiatry was written by .

A)Ivan Pavlov
B)Mary Cover Jones
C)John Watson and Rosalie Rayner
D)Joseph Wolpe

Question 17

Research shows that when women receiving chemotherapy return to the hospital, they show .

A)increased immune functioning
B)decreased immune functioning
C)no change in immune functioning
D)incidental conditional responses

Question 18

The CS and US in the Little Albert experiment were a .

A)rat and loud sound
B)rabbit and loud sound
C)rabbit and slap
D)rabbit and shock

Question 19

In treating Peter's fear of rabbits, Jones used a procedure called .

A)systemic fear reduction
B)pseudoconditioning
C)counterconditioning
D)restitution therapy

Question 20

The studies of Carolyn and Arthur Staats demonstrating that words paired with pleasant words become pleasant are examples of .

A)first-order conditioning
B)tertiary conditioning
C)higher-order conditioning
D)oral conditioning

Question 21

Pavlovian conditioning is an adaptive mechanism but can nevertheless result in the acquisition of maladaptive behavior.

Question 22

Diana Woodruff-Pak found that people who condition slowly are more likely to develop .

A)autism
B)anxiety disorders
C)dementia
D)prejudices

Question 23

If an aversive stimulus, such as a noxious odor, regularly precedes a pleasant stimulus, such as a tasty meal, the former stimulus may lose much of its unpleasant quality.

Question 24

Morgan Doran and his colleagues found that after taste aversion training would remove weeds from a vineyard without damaging the grape plants.

A)goats
B)sheep
C)llamas
D)cows

Question 25

The term used to refer to sexual behavior disapproved of by society is .

A)teraforms
B)hedomanias
C)paraphilias
D)dysentias

Question 26

A VRET program for treating spider phobias is called .

A)SpiderWorld
B)Arachnophilia
C)Spider Killer
D)Spidex

Question 27

A survey of male college students found that had participated in some sort of voyeuristic activity.

A)2%
B)12%
C)22%
D)42%

Question 28

Studies of taste aversion demonstrate that conditioning can occur despite a long inter-stimulus interval.

Question 29

Garcia's interest in the role of learning in taste aversions may have begun when he became sick after eating .

A)chocolate
B)licorice
C)strawberries
D)a hot dog

Question 30

A follow up of exhibitionists treated by Barry Maletzky with a variation of aversion therapy showed that those who had undergone treatment involuntarily .

A)improved as much as voluntary patients
B)improved, but not as much as voluntary patients
C)improved during treatment, but soon reverted to their old ways
D)did not improve

Question 31

Pavlovian conditioning accounts for negative emotions, but not for positive ones.

Question 32

Shepard Siegel's work suggests that some deaths attributed to are actually the result of conditioning.

A)accident
B)drunk driving
C)drug overdose
D)heart attack

Question 33

Pavlov found that when he paired painful stimuli with food, the dog came to show no distress at the painful stimuli.This experiment may help explain behavior in humans.

A)aggressive
B)exhibitionistic
C)sadistic
D)masochistic

Question 34

The phenomenon of suggests that we should be more likely to develop aversions to novel foods than to familiar ones.

A)overshadowing
B)blocking
C)latent inhibition
D)counterconditioning

Question 35

Peter's fear, like Albert's, was the result of conditioning by a researcher.

Question 36

Barry Maletzky treated exhibitionists by having them imagine that they were about to perform the inappropriate behavior, and then .

A)sounding a loud horn
B)showing them a photograph of a bloody scene
C)giving them a mild electric shock
D)exposing them to an unpleasant odor

Question 37

wrote:"The inborn reflexes by themselves are inadequate to ensure the continued existence of the organism...."

A)Carl Gustavson
B)John Garcia
C)Ivan Pavlov
D)Joseph Wolpe

Question 38

The CS in the Little Albert experiment was a .

A)rabbit
B)rat
C)teddy bear
D)mouse

Question 39

Barbara Rothbaum and colleagues used virtual reality exposure therapy to treat a fear of .

A)snakes
B)dogs
C)spiders
D)flying

Question 40

The first person to use counterconditioning to treat a phobia was probably .

A)Rosalie Rayner
B)Carl Rogers
C)Mary Cover Jones
D)John
B)Watson

Question 41

VRET owes a debt to the work of Mary Cover Jones.

Question 42

Peter's fear of a rabbit was established in a laboratory.

Question 43

Describe how you might have cured Little Albert's phobia.

Question 44

Arne Ohman and his colleagues used conditioning to establish a fear of in college students.

Question 45

Blue jays acquire a taste aversion for .

Question 46

How do the experiments of Carolyn and Arthur Staats help us understand prejudice?

Question 47

Describe the work of Watson and Rayner with Little Albert.

Question 48

Exposure therapy is really a form of counterconditioning.

Question 49

Staats and Staats demonstrated that both positive and negative biases could be established through conditioning.

Question 50

Political campaign ads attempt to use conditioning by pairing their candidate with stimuli that evoke positive emotions and by pairing the opponent candidate with stimuli that evoke negative emotions.

Question 51

Summarize Garcia's work on taste aversion.Explain how his work differed from most studies of
Pavlovian conditioning.

Question 52

John Watson is often said to have ignored emotions, but in fact he was among the first to study them
experimentally.

Question 53

What are the practical implications of Siegel's work for people who use narcotic drugs?

Question 54

How might you use Pavlovian conditioning to produce a boost in the body's immune system in response to a CS?