Deck 55: Nutrition and Health

Question 1

Which of the following is a function of fiber?

A) It supplies energy or heat to the body.
B) It assists with antibody production and disease resistance.
C) It absorbs organic wastes and toxins in the body so they can be expelled.
D) It transports fat-soluble vitamins.
E) It assists with antibody production.

Answer 1

It absorbs organic wastes and toxins in the body so they can be expelled.

Question 2

Too little of which of the following nutrients can result in an increased risk of colon cancer, hypercholesterolemia, and increased blood glucose levels?

A) Proteins
B) Fats
C) Carbohydrates
D) Fiber
E) Minerals

Answer 2

Fiber

Question 3

Which of the following is the most essential nutrient for building and repairing cells and tissue?

A) Protein
B) Fat
C) Carbohydrates
D) Vitamins
E) Minerals

Answer 3

Protein

Question 4

Which of the following is the daily recommendation of fiber for adults?

A) 2 grams per 1000 calories
B) 14 grams per 1000 calories
C) 34 grams per 1000 calories
D) 76 grams per 1000 calories
E) 100 grams per 1000 calories

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of proteins?

A) They transport fat-soluble vitamins.
B) They promote normal defecation.
C) They assist in maintaining the body's water balance.
D) They provide a feeling of satiety.
E) They insulate and protect body organs.

Question 6

Which of the following are functions of lipids?

A) They provide a concentrated source of heat and energy.
B) They promote normal growth and wound healing.
C) They maintain the structural integrity of the heart and aid in muscle contraction.
D) They build healthy bones and teeth and aid in blood clotting.
E) They decrease the rate of carbohydrate breakdown and absorption.

Question 7

The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1º C is a (n) ____.

A) mineral
B) calorie
C) amino acid
D) vitamin
E) gluten

Question 8

After the body's carbohydrate reserves are depleted, which of the following does the body burn?

A) Protein
B) Fat
C) Minerals
D) Vitamins
E) Water

Question 9

It is recommended that what percentage of an individual's total daily caloric intake be made up of protein?

A) 5%
B) 4% to 8%
C) 10% to 35%
D) 40% to 50%
E) 50% to 60%

Question 10

Each gram of ____ contains four calories.

A) fat
B) water
C) fiber
D) protein
E) vitamin

Question 11

Which of the following provide two-thirds of a person's daily energy needs?

A) Minerals
B) Proteins
C) Carbohydrates
D) Vitamins
E) Water

Question 12

The body makes protein out of ____.

A) lipoproteins
B) triglycerides
C) complex carbohydrates
D) electrolytes
E) amino acids

Question 13

Which of the following is essential for fiber to work properly in the body?

A) High fat intake
B) Adequate water intake
C) Exposure to sunlight
D) Decreased protein intake
E) Adequate rest

Question 14

Which of the following can be converted to glucose and used for immediate fuel?

A) Proteins
B) Lipids
C) Carbohydrates
D) Minerals
E) Water

Question 15

How many amino acids are considered "essential" because they cannot be made by the body and must be supplied by food?

A) 2
B) 9
C) 11
D) 20
E) 22

Question 16

Which of the following helps treat and prevent constipation, hemorrhoids, diverticular disease, and irritable bowel syndrome?

A) Proteins
B) Lipids
C) Fiber
D) Minerals
E) Vitamins

Question 17

Which of the following are either stored in the liver and muscle cells as glycogen or converted and stored as fat?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Proteins
C) Minerals
D) Vitamins
E) Fiber

Question 18

Each gram of ____ contains 9 calories.

A) protein
B) carbohydrate
C) fat
D) fiber
E) water

Question 19

It is recommended that what percentage of an individual's total daily caloric intake be made up of carbohydrates?

A) 5% to 10%
B) 10% to 20%
C) 25% to 35%
D) 40% to 45%
E) 45% to 65%

Question 20

Which of the following are characteristic of saturated fats?

A) They are liquid at room temperature and are found in vegetable oils.
B) They are divided into polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats.
C) They are derived from animal sources and are solid at room temperature.
D) They tend to lower blood cholesterol.
E) They are formed when hydrogen is added to vegetable oil.

Question 21

Good dietary sources of iron are ____.

A) dairy products, legumes, and the soft bones of sardines and salmon
B) liver, egg yolks, fortified breads and cereals, and dark green vegetables
C) seafood, iodized salt, and seaweed products
D) fruits, vegetables, and tea
E) legumes, bananas, and nuts

Question 22

A deficiency in which mineral causes a goiter?

A) Zinc
B) Magnesium
C) Iodine
D) Iron
E) Phosphorus

Question 23

Which of the following are organic substances that are essential for normal body growth and maintenance and resistance to infection?

A) Triglycerides
B) Carbohydrates
C) Vitamins
D) Minerals
E) Lipids

Question 24

Which of the following are saturated fats?

A) Corn and safflower oils
B) Peanut and canola oils
C) Sunflower and olive oils
D) Coconut and palm oils
E) Soya oils and vegetable shortenings

Question 25

Which mineral is found in dairy products, green leafy vegetables, broccoli, legumes, and the soft bones of sardines and salmon?

A) Iodine
B) Calcium
C) Selenium
D) Fluoride
E) Zinc

Question 26

Which of the following contain unsaturated fats?

A) Meats and animal products
B) Corn oil and olive oil
C) Butter and whole milk
D) Egg yolks
E) Fried foods

Question 27

A deficiency in which vitamin causes beriberi, digestive problems, muscle weakness, nervous disorders, and heart failure?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B₂
C) Vitamin B₆
D) Vitamin B₁
E) Vitamin E

Question 28

Which vitamin aids in night vision, cell growth and maintenance, and normal reproductive function?

A) Vitamin B₁
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
E) Vitamin A

Question 29

Another name for vitamin C is ____.

A) carotene
B) ascorbic acid
C) niacin
D) riboflavin
E) calciferol

Question 30

An increased intake of soluble fiber, a decrease in the dietary intake of saturated fats, and exercise result in ____.

A) reduced cholesterol levels
B) increased susceptibility to infection
C) poor wound healing
D) decreased muscle contraction
E) increased absorption of vitamins

Question 31

A deficiency in which of the following can cause anemia?

A) Zinc
B) Calcium
C) Iron
D) Magnesium
E) Selenium

Question 32

The nutrient that is essential for the production of red blood cells is ____.

A) iron
B) magnesium
C) zinc
D) iodine
E) calcium

Question 33

Major minerals the body needs in fairly large quantities include ____.

A) iron and zinc
B) calcium and phosphorus
C) selenium and copper
D) manganese and chromium
E) fluoride and molybdenum

Question 34

Which vitamin aids in blood clotting and bone growth?

A) Vitamin E
B) Vitamin K
C) Vitamin C
D) Vitamin B₆
E) Vitamin B₁₂

Question 35

Another name for vitamin B₁ is ____.

A) niacin
B) carotene
C) thiamine
D) riboflavin
E) pyridoxine

Question 36

Which of the following plays a vital role in the activities of the thyroid hormones?

A) Magnesium
B) Calcium
C) Iodine
D) Phosphorus
E) Iron

Question 37

Which of the following are natural, inorganic substances the body needs to help build and maintain body tissues and carry on life functions?

A) Vitamins
B) Fiber
C) Minerals
D) Carbohydrates
E) Triglycerides

Question 38

Which mineral works with vitamin E to aid metabolism, growth, and fertility?

A) Calcium
B) Fluoride
C) Chromium
D) Selenium
E) Zinc

Question 39

An excess of which of the following can lead to increased levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood and an increased risk of heart and artery disease?

A) Proteins
B) Fiber
C) Lipids
D) Vitamins
E) Carbohydrates

Question 40

Which of the following builds healthy bones and teeth, aids in blood clotting, and helps nerves and muscles function?

A) Iron
B) Iodine
C) Selenium
D) Zinc
E) Calcium

Question 41

Which of the following is a criterion to identify fad diets?

A) They include a wide variety of foods.
B) They promise ease and comfort in weight loss.
C) They require no special pills.
D) They include an activity component.
E) They may be safely followed for long periods of time.

Question 42

Which vitamin is an intracellular antioxidant, maintains cell structures, and aids in the formation of red blood cells?

A) Vitamin B6
B) Vitamin B3
C) Vitamin E
D) Vitamin K
E) Vitamin A

Question 43

Which of the following, supplied mainly by salt, maintains fluid and acid-base balance?

A) Potassium
B) Selenium
C) Sodium
D) Molybdenum
E) Magnesium

Question 44

Which of the following is especially important to increase in the diet of patients with cancer to help replace cells destroyed by cancer treatments?

A) Fats
B) Minerals
C) Proteins
D) Carbohydrates
E) Water

Question 45

The most common food allergens include ____.

A) hamburger, tea, corn, and pickles
B) wheat, milk, eggs, and chocolate
C) chicken, beans, and pineapple
D) lettuce, cucumbers, and peaches
E) broccoli, peas, and beans

Question 46

Which vitamin builds bones and teeth and is found in egg yolks, butter, and fortified milk?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B1
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin E
E) Vitamin K

Question 47

Which of these are signs and symptoms of bulimia?

A) Drastic reduction in food consumption
B) Excessive use of laxatives or diuretics
C) Extremely controlled behavior
D) Self-starvation
E) Weight gain

Question 48

Lisa has just found out that she is pregnant. This is her first pregnancy, and she wants to be sure to do everything right. She tells you, "I know I should not have any alcohol, and I have never been a smoker, but what about food? Is there anything I should do differently, or avoid? Which of the following would you include when teaching Lisa about nutrition during pregnancy?

A) "Restrict your total weight gain to 20 lb."
B) "Eat an additional 10 to 15 g of protein a day."
C) "Make sure your total calcium intake is 800 mg per day."
D) "Try to include 15 mg of iron a day through food selections, but stay away from supplements."
E) "Avoid yeast and leafy vegetables for the first three months."

Question 49

Which of the following is a function of water?

A) It provides a concentrated source of heat and energy.
B) It decreases the rate of carbohydrate breakdown and absorption.
C) It helps maintain fluid balance in the body and regulates body temperature.
D) It serves as an integral part of cell membranes.
E) It is involved in bone and tooth formation.

Question 50

Which of these are included in the 2010 USDA Dietary Guidelines?

A) Maintain adequate nutrient intake without worrying about calories
B) Increase sedentary activities
C) Maintain weight even if overweight
D) Balance calorie consumption with physical activity
E) Increase consumption of less nutritious foods

Question 51

A diet that consists of tea, broth, non-citrus juices, carbonated beverages, popsicles, and gelatin is a ____.

A) full-liquid diet
B) soft diet
C) clear-liquid diet
D) pureed diet
E) high-fiber diet

Question 52

Which of the following behaviors might a patient with an eating disorder exhibit or mention in conversation?

A) Buys a wide variety of low-calorie foods
B) Avoids skipping meals but snacks on low calorie foods
C) Uses laxatives, excessive exercise, vomiting, or diuretics for weight control
D) Enjoys going to a social event instead of dieting or exercising
E) Follows a commercial weight-loss plan to ensure good nutrition

Question 53

Which of the following is important in the maintenance of muscle contraction and is found in foods such as bananas, raisins, and oranges?

A) Sodium
B) Copper
C) Chromium
D) Potassium
E) Chloride

Question 54

A deficiency in vitamin B₁₂ causes ____.

A) scurvy and poor wound healing
B) rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults
C) slow blood clotting
D) pernicious anemia and irreversible liver damage
E) convulsions, dermatitis, and anemia

Question 55

Which of the following would you include in nutritional therapy for patients with hypertension?

A) Restrict potassium intake by limiting the intake of fruits and vegetables
B) Increase the percentage of calories from saturated fats to 30%
C) Restrict sodium intake to 2 to 3 g per day
D) Reduce calcium intake to 400 mg per day
E) Eliminate foods that contain lactose from the diet

Question 56

Which of the following would you include when educating patients about daily water requirements?

A) Instruct elderly patients to limit their fluid intake because of incontinence or physical limitations
B) Encourage patients to drink six to eight glasses of water
C) Encourage patients to drink coffee, tea, and soft drinks in place of water
D) Instruct patients that drinking water is essential only when illness is present
E) Instruct patients to increase their water intake if they eat mostly fruits and vegetables

Question 57

Jessica is 24 years old, weighs 234 pounds, and has just been diagnosed with hypertension. The physician prescribed a mild antihypertensive medication and asked you to help educate Jessica about lifestyle changes and behavior modification for weight loss. Which of the following would you include in your discussion?

A) Tell her to reduce her level of exercise so that she can eat less food safely
B) Advise her to eat slowly and have five or six small meals daily
C) Encourage her to restrict her diet to include only certain low-calorie foods
D) Advise the purchase of OTC weight-loss pills to accelerate weight loss
E) Tell her to reward herself for weight loss by eating her favorite foods

Question 58

Which of the following are signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa?

A) Feeling out of control while eating
B) Cessation of menstruation
C) Eating large quantities of food in a short period, followed by purging
D) Buying and consuming large quantities of food
E) Erosion of tooth enamel

Question 59

When discussing diets with patients, which of the following would you not include?

A) Give the patient a written diet plan to take home
B) Emphasize the patient's poor eating habits
C) Teach a small amount of material at a time
D) Let the patient play an active role in the learning process
E) Keep explanations at the level of the patient's understanding

Question 60

David has been having increasingly frequent migraine headaches. The physician will do further tests to determine if there is an underlying physical cause. While the tests are being done, what might the physician suggest to try to reduce the frequency or severity of the migraines?

A) Reduce salt intake to a maximum of 2 to 3 grams per day
B) Restrict fatty foods and use low-fat or no-fat cooking methods
C) Reduce the amount of high-fiber food eaten each day
D) Increase intake of pastas, breads, fruits, and vegetables
E) Restrict consumption of aged cheeses, red wine, and beer

Question 61

Which of the following is not part of the MyPlate initiative based on the 2010 Dietary Guidelines?

A) Enjoy your food, but eat less
B) Switch to fat-free or low-fat milk
C) Make half your plate proteins
D) Drink water instead of sugary drinks
E) Avoid oversized portions

Question 62

An eating disorder in which patients lose an excessive amount of weight and become malnourished is ________.

Question 63

A(n) ________ is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 $\degree$ C. This is also used to measure the energy the body uses during all activities and metabolic processes.

Question 64

Nutrition given to patients as specially prepared nutrients injected directly into their veins rather than given by mouth is ________ nutrition.

Question 65

What is the optimal percentage of body fat for a 55-year-old male?

A) 10% to 14%
B) 12% to 19%
C) 14% to 23%
D) 16% to 25%
E) 18% to 30%

Question 66

As a way to simplify the diet required for a patient who has diabetes, a system of ________ is used.

Question 67

A fat-related substance produced by the liver that can also be obtained through animal-based foods and is the structural basis for all steroid hormones and vitamin D is ________.

Question 68

Which of the following is a recommendation from the American Cancer Society's nutritional and physical activity guidelines?

A) Be as lean as possible throughout life without being underweight.
B) Minimize your intake of fruits and vegetables each day.
C) Adults should get at least 1 hour of moderate to vigorous activity each day.
D) Drink no more than one glass of water per day for women, or two glasses for men.
E) Get most of your protein by eating red meat.

Question 69

The ________ aspect of weight loss includes methods such as keeping a food diary to pinpoint overeating patterns, controlling the stimuli associated with overeating, and providing rewards for successful behavior.

Question 70

Chemical agents called ________ fight free radicals and may help ward off cancer and heart disease.

Question 71

A type of complex carbohydrate that does not supply energy or heat to the body is ________.

Question 72

Natural, inorganic substances the body needs to help build and maintain body tissues and carry on life functions are ________.

Question 73

Natural, organic compounds found in plant and animal foods that are used to make proteins are ________.

Question 74

In which type of special diet is food intake increased to provide 3000 to 5000 calories per day?

A) Low-tyramine diet
B) High-fiber diet
C) Low-sodium diet
D) Bland diet
E) high-calorie, high-protein diet

Question 75

Fats that are usually liquid at room temperature, including most vegetable oils, are ________ fats.

Question 76

Which of the following would you include in patient education about changes in nutritional recommendations?

A) Nutritional recommendations change when new research is performed and verified.
B) Dietary recommendations are not affected by research.
C) Initial findings from research studies often change the government's dietary recommendations.
D) There is little difference between initial findings and findings endorsed by the government.
E) It is advisable to heed initial research findings, because the government approval process takes so long.

Question 77

An eating disorder in which people binge-eat and then attempt to counter the effects by self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives or diuretics, and/or excessive exercise is ________.

Question 78

A measure of body fat based on height and weight that is often used in assessing nutritional levels is the ____.

A) skinfold test
B) specific gravity test
C) calorie
D) body mass index
E) muscle mass test

Question 79

Complex carbohydrates, also called ________, are long chains of sugar units.

Question 80

The optimal percentage of body fat for females younger than age 50 is ____.

A) 10% to 14%
B) 12% to 19%
C) 14% to 23%
D) 16% to 25%
E) 18% to 30%