Deck 12: Fat-Soluble Vitamins

Question 1

Which population group is at lowest risk of fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies?

A) low-birth-weight, premature infants
B) very-low-income families
C) patients with malabsorption diseases
D) pregnant women

Answer 1

The fat soluble vitamins, being fat soluble, get stored in the liver tissues and fatty (adipose) tissues. Thus, the pregnant women have the lowest risk of developing fat soluble vitamins deficiencies. Hence, the correct option is (d) pregnant women
(a)
Low-birth-weight, premature infants: This group of population will be at highest risk of fat soluble vitamin deficiency because the low weight infants will have the least store of fat. Thus, the fat soluble vitamin deficiency would be the highest in this group of population and hence, this is the incorrect option.
(b)
Very-low-income families: This group of population will not afford to have the intake of fatty food substances. Thus, this group will also suffer from fat soluble vitamin deficiencies. Hence, this option is also incorrect.
(c)
Patients with mal-absorption diseases: This group of population will not be able to absorb the fats and thus, will develop fat soluble vitamin deficiency. Hence, this option is also incorrect.
(d)
Pregnant women: This group of population has the high store of fat in their body. Thus, they will be able to store the fat soluble vitamins in their fatty tissues and have the least chances of developing fat soluble vitamin deficiency. Thus this option is correct.

Question 2

Carotenoids are a precursor form of ___________.

A) vitamin K
B) vitamin E
C) vitamin D
D) vitamin A

Answer 2

(B)
Vitamin E: It is the vitamin involved in maintaining cell integrity and also acts as antioxidant. It is also not synthesized from the carotenoids rather it is synthesized from 6-chromanol. Thus, this option is also incorrect.
(c)
Vitamin D: It is the vitamin important for maintaining healthy bones and joints. It is synthesized from cholesterol when we expose ourselves under the skin. Thus, this option is also incorrect.
(d)
Vitamin A: It is the vitamin essential for maintaining proper vision. This is synthesized from the precursor known as pro-vitamin A that is carotenoids. Thus, this option is correct.

Question 3

Which food provides very little vitamin A?

A) mango
B) spinach
C) banana
D) liver

Answer 3

(B)
Spinach: This option is also mentioned in the above sources. Thus, this option also has sufficient vitamin A and hence is the incorrect option.
(c)
Banana: This option is not mentioned in the above sources and it has less vitamin A in it. Thus, this is the correct option.
(d)
Liver: This option is also mentioned in the above sources. Thus, this option also has sufficient vitamin A and hence is the incorrect option.

Question 4

Vitamin A is involved in all of the follow functions except ___________.

A) vision and dark adaptation
B) hemoglobin synthesis
C) resistance to infection
D) cell differentiation

Question 5

Vitamin A deficiency is associated with the symptoms of night blindness, keratinization, and increased infections.

Question 6

Which of the following vitamins also can be classified as a hormone because the body can synthesize it?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin E
D) vitamin K

Question 7

Which of the following is a good source of vitamin D?

A) yellow-orange vegetables
B) salmon and sardines
C) dark, leafy greens
D) enriched grains

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of vitamin D?

A) serves as an antioxidant to protect against lipid peroxidation
B) serves as a coenzyme in energy metabolism
C) regulates calcium homeostasis
D) produces blood clotting factors

Question 9

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of diabetes, multiple sclerosis, and hypertension.

Question 10

Vitamin D deficiency in children results in a condition called _________.

A) osteomalacia
B) beriberi
C) rickets
D) xerophthalmia

Question 11

Wheat germ and vegetable oils are good sources of vitamin E.

Question 12

Large doses of vitamin E have been shown to interfere with vitamin K activity and to increase the risk of bleeding.

Question 13

Which of the following is the best source of vitamin K?

A) citrus fruits
B) dark, leafy greens
C) enriched grains
D) nuts and seeds

Question 14

Which vitamin aids in blood clotting?

A) vitamin A
B) vitamin D
C) vitamin E
D) vitamin K

Question 15

Vitamin and mineral supplements are tightly regulated by the FDA.

Question 16

Explain why individual B-vitamin deficiencies are rare in the U.S. Which B-vitamins are added to enriched breads and cereals?

Question 17

Describe 3 differences between retinoids and carotenoids.

Question 18

Why is vitamin D also classified as a hormone or a conditional vitamin?

Question 19

Explain how vitamin E helps protect the integrity of cell membranes.

Question 20

Explain why newborn infants are given an injection of vitamin K.

Question 21

What factors should you consider when deciding whether to use a nutrient supplement?

Question 22

Describe efforts to reduce vitamin A deficiency globally.

Question 23

Which vitamins are classified as water soluble? Which are fat soluble?

Question 24

How does the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins differ from that of water-soluble vitamins?

Question 25

Why are large doses of certain fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxic effects than large intakes of water-soluble vitamins?

Question 26

What are 3 sources of provitamin A and 3 sources of preformed vitamin A?

Question 27

Why is the carotenoid beta-carotene classified as a provitamin?

Question 28

How does vitamin A affect vision?

Question 29

What are 2 symptoms of vitamin A deficiency?

Question 30

What population groups are at highest risk of vitamin A deficiency?

Question 31

What are the signs and symptoms of vitamin A toxicity?

Question 32

Why is vitamin D often classified as a conditional vitamin, or prohormone?

Question 33

What are the rich dietary sources of vitamin D?

Question 34

What are 3 functions of vitamin D?

Question 35

What are the consequences of vitamin D deficiency?

Question 36

Why are those who live in northern latitudes at risk of vitamin D deficiency?

Question 37

Why was an Upper Level of intake established for vitamin D?

Question 38

How does vitamin E function as an antioxidant and in the immune system?

Question 39

What are 3 foods rich in vitamin E?

Question 40

Why is excess supplementation with vitamin E of concern in individuals taking daily aspirin or anticoagulation medications?

Question 41

What are 3 foods that are rich sources of vitamin K?

Question 42

How does vitamin K help in the formation of blood clots?

Question 43

Why should people on the drug Coumadin® avoid taking vitamin K supplements?

Question 44

What population groups are at increased risk of a vitamin K deficiency?