Deck 15: The Sexual Marketplace: Prostitution and Pornography

Question 1

Other names for a house of prostitution include all of the following except ________.

A) brothel
B) bordello
C) massage parlor
D) counseling center

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Kristen learns something interesting in class about prostitution: it is often seen as an exchange of sexual services for all of the following,except ________.

A) money
B) valued objects
C) sex
D) drugs

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following has been reported by prostitutes as a reason to work in their chosen profession?

A) flexible work hours
B) low financial return compared to other professions
C) sexual pleasure and enjoyment
D) the inability to achieve the life they want

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Brenda works as a prostitute.She is in the category of prostitutes who are at the greatest risk of violence.She is a ________.

A) streetwalker
B) call girl
C) brothel worker
D) person working legally in Nevada

Question 5

Male prostitutes who have female clients are called ________.

A) streetwalkers
B) gigolos
C) hustlers
D) johns

Question 6

All of the following are characteristics of call girls,except they ________.

A) are much less likely to be drug abusers
B) are at significantly less risk of violence
C) may be listed in the phone book under "escort services"
D) see more clients than streetwalkers

Question 7

Bob lives in the one state where,in most areas,prostitution is legal and state-controlled.Bob lives in ________.

A) Utah
B) Nevada
C) New Jersey
D) New York

Question 8

The opening story of the chapter describes ____________,evidence that prostitution may,in fact,be one of the oldest professions.

A) paintings depicting prostitution on the wall of cave dwellings
B) the discovery of artifacts from ancient brothels in Greece
C) scrolls discussing prostitution found at the Red Sea
D) photos discovered from the Roman empire

Question 9

Research looking at age of first intercourse and prostitution indicates that the following is true for those engaged in prostitution with the exception of ________.

A) earlier first intercourse
B) earlier consensual intercourse
C) earlier start of regular sexual activity
D) later interest in sex

Question 10

All of the following have been identified as factors associated with working in the commercial sex trades except ________.

A) poverty
B) early sexual experiences and abuse
C) high sex drive
D) drug addiction

Question 11

Why are some prostitutes referred to as "streetwalkers"?

A) They work on the main streets of all major cities.
B) They are managed by pimps who are often seen in the streets soliciting business.
C) They sell their services on the street, typically to customers driving up in cars.
D) They are considered to be the most elite type of prostitutes.

Question 12

Historically,prostitution has been thought of,and often legally defined,as ________.

A) sex acts provided by a female to a male
B) sex acts occurring without regard to gender or sexual orientation
C) sex acts provided by a woman working for a pimp
D) sex acts providing an easy way to make a lot of money

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of the pressure sex workers face when engaging in prostitution?

A) a supportive and mutual relationship with their pimp
B) the need to fulfill their desire for many sexual partners
C) moderate use of drugs and alcohol
D) threats of harm by their boyfriend or husband if they do not earn money by prostituting themselves

Question 14

Prostitution is also referred to as ________.

A) sex for hire
B) a sexual commodity
C) a commercial sex trade
D) pimping

Question 15

Tina is a high-priced prostitute who accepts clients by appointment; she is called a ________.

A) streetwalker
B) massage therapist
C) call girl
D) brothel owner

Question 16

Prostitution has often been referred to as ________.

A) the world's oldest profession
B) the worst occupation in the world
C) a religion
D) a viable employment option for women

Question 17

Male prostitutes ________.

A) sell their services primarily to other males
B) enjoy their work more than female prostitutes
C) engage in more forms of sex play than female prostitutes
D) charge less than female prostitutes

Question 18

A late 1990s study about drug use and prostitution by Potterat et al.indicated that ________.

A) women began using drugs prior to their first experience with prostitution
B) women began working as prostitutes and then started using drugs
C) women working as prostitutes started using drugs earlier than other drug users who did not become prostitutes
D) women's drug of choice was alcohol

Question 19

From Susan's readings for class,she learns that most cultures throughout the world condemn the profession of prostitution as evidenced by all of the following except ________.

A) language
B) laws
C) punishments
D) religion

Question 20

According to the chapter,prostitution is controversial and emotionally charged because it involves a mix of sexuality,the law,censorship and ______.

A) morality
B) values
C) money
D) crime

Question 21

Ronda is a streetwalker.One of the most common services requested by her clients is ________.

A) anal sex
B) oral sex
C) massage
D) mutual masturbation

Question 22

Which of the following is an unlikely example of the pressure many sex workers face to engage in prostitution.________.

A) threats if they do not prostitute themselves to earn money for their husband or boyfriend
B) coercion into streetwalking by pimps who rescued them from homelessness and subsequently maintain total financial control over them
C) severe drug addiction that can only be supported through exchanging sex for money or for drugs themselves
D) the need to fulfill their sexual desire to have many partners

Question 23

________ are among the groups with the highest rates of STIs.

A) Streetwalkers
B) Gigolos
C) Call girls
D) Brothel workers

Question 24

Legalizing or decriminalizing sex work might remedy many of the negative effects of the illegal status of prostitution.This includes ________________.

A) increasing competition for certain jobs in the prostitution profession
B) increasing violence
C) reducing teen pregnancy
D) decreasing drug abuse

Question 25

Attempts to crack down on prostitution ________.

A) have been extremely successful
B) usually involve police arresting a male client
C) have focused attention on the clients in order to reduce demand
D) have involved the rehabilitation of arrested prostitutes who typically move on to other work

Question 26

In 2000,the U.S.Congress passed the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act,which did all the following except ________.

A) establish new felony laws designed to combat sex trafficking
B) require victims to return home and testify against their trafficker
C) authorize a wide range of social services and protections for victims of trafficking
D) provide temporary U.S. visas allowing victims to remain in the U.S. for their protection

Question 27

Research has not yet determined why,but one of the following groups of prostitutes has a higher likelihood of transmitting sexually transmitted infections to others.Which group?

A) female transgender prostitutes
B) bisexual women
C) male transvestite prostitutes
D) women who work in brothels

Question 28

Monica works as a prostitute; she has found that most of her customers are ________.

A) young, unmarried teenage boys
B) men over 35
C) black, poor, and unmarried
D) middle- to upper-class, educated, and married males

Question 29

Prostitutes working in the legal brothels of Nevada,or countries where sex work has been decriminalized,are at less risk of STIs because they ________.

A) have better immune systems
B) are less likely to use condoms consistently
C) are more vulnerable than streetwalkers
D) are less likely to be drug abusers

Question 30

Which of the following might make it difficult for Monica,like many sex workers,to leave the profession of prostitution?

A) she wants to run her own business
B) she is single and not supporting children
C) she is involved in a job training program
D) she is living in extreme poverty

Question 31

"Ophelia" is among the group of sex workers who are especially likely to spread sexually transmitted infections to the general population.This group of sex workers is ________.

A) female transgender prostitutes
B) bisexual women
C) male transvestite prostitutes
D) women who work in brothels

Question 32

The illegal international trafficking of sex workers has become a major worldwide tragedy involving as many as ________ victims.

A) 500,000
B) 2 million
C) 4 million
D) 11 million

Question 33

Janice was helped by the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act.Most likely she was a ________.

A) brothel owner who was facing harassment
B) drug user entering prostitution
C) brought from another country to work as a prostitute
D) male who visits prostitutes

Question 34

In most places where selling sex is illegal,________.

A) buying it is not against the law
B) buying it is against the law, too
C) there is a stiffer penalty for the person who buys it
D) the client is the target of police

Question 35

Men use prostitutes for multiple reasons.A prominent one is ________.

A) to combat loneliness
B) to improve sex skills
C) to increase a weak sex drive
D) to satisfy a curiosity about sex with younger women

Question 36

One study of sex workers in Washington,D.C.found that ________ of prostitutes reported having been raped.

A) 10%
B) 18%
C) 29%
D) 50%

Question 37

One drug that appears to place those involved in the commercial sex trades at the greatest risk is ________.

A) alcohol
B) crack
C) marijuana
D) heroin

Question 38

Evelyn is a prostitute.Her clients are usually called ________.

A) johns
B) gigolos
C) pimps
D) hustlers

Question 39

Approximately what percent of respondents in Monto's study of clients of prostitutes had engaged in oral sex with prostitutes?

A) 80%
B) 50%
C) 30%
D) 10%

Question 40

The decriminalization of prostitution would mean ________.

A) removing all criminal laws relating to prostitution
B) that prostitution would increase
C) that prostitution would not be taxed by the government
D) that prostitution would not be regulated by any licensing board

Question 41

Sasha is working on a summary report on the connection between violence and pornography.She is likely to conclude that ________.

A) it is very clear that a connection exists
B) there is no clear, universal evidence that pornography leads to greater violence
C) no good studies have been conducted thus far
D) pornography causes violence against women

Question 42

In addition to lacking literary,artistic,political or scientific value and appealing to prurient interests,which of the following is a criteria of the Miller test allowing work to be deemed obscene,pornographic and legally banned?

A) It shows behaviors of an unusual or unconventional nature.
B) It specifically depicts male genitalia.
C) It has been mass-produced and distributed.
D) By applicable state law, it depicts patently offensive sexual conduct.

Question 43

Exceptions to our first amendment on freedom of speech include all of the following except ________.

A) defamation of another's character
B) speech that causes panic, such as shouting "fire" in a crowded building
C) obscenity, meaning sexually explicit works
D) speech that describes our beliefs

Question 44

"Pornography" literally means ________.

A) writing about prostitutes
B) photographing nudity
C) to undress
D) obscenity

Question 45

When shown highly explicit movies with romantic themes,results from a study of college men and women indicated that ________.

A) only women found these to be arousing
B) both men and women rated these as significantly more arousing
C) men rated the romantic movies low
D) women were not aroused due to the sexual explicitness

Question 46

One approach for dealing with the legality of sexually explicit materials is to consider the extent to which these works victimize women.This is called the ________.

A) gender standard
B) discrimination standard
C) moral standard
D) victim standard

Question 47

Child pornography is a huge business,costing an estimated ________ dollars per year in the U.S.

A) 10 million
B) 300 million
C) 1 billion
D) 3 billion

Question 48

Studies examining the link between violence and pornography are often ________.

A) correlational
B) longitudinal
C) causal
D) real-life

Question 49

Some hold the opinion that ________ is about sexual sharing,whereas ________ is about sexual using.

A) pornography; erotica
B) obscenity; erotica
C) erotica; pornography
D) erotica; obscenity

Question 50

The "moral standard" as it relates to pornography,was developed by ________.

A) sex researchers
B) psychologists
C) judges
D) ministers

Question 51

The term ________ is applied to sexually explicit works expressing physical desire,passion,and attraction among people who freely choose to engage in sexual activities together.

A) pornography
B) erotica
C) obscenity
D) illegal sex

Question 52

In a study comparing pornographic videos made by men for men (pure explicit sex)with videos designed by women for women (explicit sex with more plot and partner interaction),it was found that ________.

A) men rated all the videos more positively than did the women
B) women rated all the videos more positively than did the men
C) men rated only the videos made by men higher
D) there was no difference in women's and men's ratings

Question 53

Carol is doing a class presentation on pornography and the law.She discussed a study that looked at four states where pornography laws had at one time been strictly enforced,but in which enforcement had been suspended.This study found the rates of sex crimes ________.

A) were not affected
B) went up after nonenforcement
C) went down after nonenforcement
D) were directly related to enforcement

Question 54

Joyce is researching the impact of access to sexually explicit materials.Her study suggests that greater access to sexually explicit material may ________.

A) increase sex crimes
B) increase internet stalking
C) decrease sales
D) decrease sex crimes

Question 55

One of the central arguments to censor all pornography is based on that idea that these materials ________.

A) lead to more sexual activity
B) portray a double standard from the 1950s
C) lead to great crime in major cities
D) play a significant role in discrimination against and victimization of women

Question 56

The leading proponent of the discrimination standard,citing that pornography,by its very nature,is discrimination against women,was ________.

A) Justice Sandra Day O'Connor
B) N.O.W.
C) Catherine MacKinnon
D) Gloria Steinem

Question 57

Who is referenced in the reading as having drawn a clear distinction between erotica and pornography?

A) Justice Sandra Day O'Connor
B) President Clinton
C) Catherine Mackinnon
D) Gloria Steinem

Question 58

According to research,most pornography relies on a limited number of basic themes,including depictions of women as always wanting and enjoying all sex acts demanded by men.Another common theme is that ____________________.

A) refusing to engage in sex is a turn-on for many men
B) any woman can be easily turned on with a little force
C) men really like to be dominated and taken care of
D) women are innocent and hesitant to participate in unusual sex acts

Question 59

In 1973,three justices described their personal definitions of obscenity; which of the three was famous for saying "I know it when I see it?"

A) Justice Brennan
B) Justice Burger
C) Justice Stewart
D) Justice White

Question 60

Rae-Ann learns in law school that the 1973 Supreme Court decision related to defining obscene sexually explicit materials largely put the decision in the hands of ________.

A) local governments
B) state governments
C) the federal government
D) international courts

Question 61

Discuss the basic criteria of the Miller test.

Question 62

According to Professor Jenkins,the problem with fighting child pornography is that ________.

A) we already know all there is to know about child pornography
B) it is such a small problem, there is no need to be concerned
C) the legal crackdown prevents serious research to study and uncover how it functions
D) it is not a legitimate topic for research

Question 63

A 2002 study found that ________ of all college students had used the Internet for sexual purposes of one kind or another.

A) 10%
B) almost one-third
C) about half
D) 75%

Question 64

The availability and industry of child pornography has exploded since the introduction of the ________.

A) Internet
B) printing press
C) magazine industry
D) cable television network

Question 65

Discuss what we know about the violence-not-sex hypothesis.

Question 66

Discuss the debate over legalization and decriminalization of prostitution.

Question 67

Discuss what we know about the clients of prostitutes based on research by Monto (2001,2009).

Question 68

Discuss the difference between prostitutes who work as streetwalkers,call girls,and brothel workers.