Deck 33: Introduction to the Immune System

Question 1

A child is brought to the clinic with a rash. The child is diagnosed with measles. The mother tells the nurse that she had the measles when she was a little girl. What immunity to measles develops after the initial infection?

A) Naturally acquired active immunity
B) Artificially acquired active immunity
C) Naturally acquired passive immunity
D) Artificially acquired passive immunity

Answer 1

Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 2

What organ is considered lymphoid tissue?

A) Pancreas
B) Intestines
C) Spleen
D) Liver

Answer 2

Spleen

Question 3

T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes are the primary participants in the immune response. What do they do?

A) T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes distinguish harmful substances and ignore those natural and unique to a person.
B) T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes respond to the body's invasion by macrophages.
C) T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes react to the body's lack of B .12
D) T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes distinguish harmful treatments from curative treatments.

Answer 3

T-cell and B-cell lymphocytes distinguish harmful substances and ignore those natural and unique to a person.

Question 4

You are working on a transplant unit and you know to carefully monitor your clients. What is the rationale for closely monitoring clients taking immunosuppressive drugs?

A) Because of an increased risk of skin and hair problems
B) Because of an increased risk of respiratory or urinary system infection
C) Because of an increased risk of heart failure
D) Because of an increased risk of blood-related complications

Question 5

What chemical is released by cytotoxic T cells?

A) Lymphokine
B) Antigen
C) Antibody
D) Microphages

Question 6

What are antigens?

A) Cells recognized as 'self' by the body.
B) A substance that causes an allergic response.
C) Protein markers on cells.
D) Cells that attack the body.

Question 7

A mother has brought her 4-month-old infant to the clinic for a well-child check. While talking with the nurse, the mother asks the nurse to suggest a diet that will maximize the immune function of her growing children. What dietary pattern should the nurse suggest?

A) Diet rich in iron, zinc, and vitamin E
B) Diet rich in potassium, magnesium, and sodium
C) Diet rich in amino acids and essential fatty acids
D) Moderate diet that is balanced and varied

Question 8

A school nurse is talking about infection with a high school health class. What would be the nurse's best explanation of the process of phagocytosis?

A) Release of chemicals to destroy bacteria and foreign material
B) Engulfment and digestion of bacteria and foreign material
C) Removal of bacteria and dead blood cells from circulation
D) Conversion of memory cells to plasma cells

Question 9

The anatomy and physiology instructor is explaining a cell-mediated response to the pre-nursing students. What actions would the instructor explain occur in a cell-mediated response?

A) Toxins of invading antigens are neutralized.
B) The invading antigens link together (agglutination).
C) The invading antigens precipitate.
D) T-cell lymphocytes survey proteins in the body and attack the invading antigens.

Question 10

A client with a suspected immune system disorder what test would be ordered if a deficiency or excess of immunoglobulins was suspected?

A) Protein electrophoresis
B) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
C) T-and B-cell assays
D) Plasmapherisis

Question 11

What are cytokines? Select all that apply.

A) Enzymes given off by B cell lymphocytes
B) Chemical messengers released by lymphocytes
C) Interleukins
D) Tumor building factor
E) Interferons

Question 12

You are caring for a client on tube feedings. The physician has ordered Osmolite HN as the feeding formula for the client. The family asks why the physician has ordered Osmolite HN instead of another formula to feed their family member. What is an important reason that tube-feeding formulas, such as Impact, Osmolite HN, or Peractive, be recommended to clients?

A) To suppress immune system function
B) To block tumor necrosis factor
C) To enhance the production of lymphocytes and NK cells
D) To stimulate the immune system to attack tumor cells

Question 13

A 64-year-old male client, who leads a sedentary life-style, and a 31-year-old female client, who has a very stressful and active life-style, require a vaccine against a particular viral disorder. As the nurse, you would know that in one of this client's the vaccine will be less effective. In which client is the vaccine more likely to be less effective and why?

A) The male client because of his age
B) The male client because of his life-style
C) The female client because of her age
D) The female client because of her life-style

Question 14

The nursing students are learning about the immune system in their anatomy and physiology class. What would these students learn is a component of the immune system?

A) Stem cells
B) Cytokines
C) Lymphoid tissues
D) Red blood cells

Question 15

The nurse is caring for a client with an immune system disorder. Why should the nurse consult drug references when assessing a client with an immune system disorder?

A) To verify that the client is not hypersensitive to substances in the prescribed medications
B) To confirm the adverse effects of the prescribed medications
C) To verify the effectiveness of the prescribed medications
D) To plan accordingly the client's diet and activities

Question 16

A client is suspected of having an immune system disorder. The physician wants to perform a diagnostic test to confirm the diagnosis. What test might the physician order?

A) T-and C-cell assays
B) Complete chemistry panel
C) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
D) Plasmapherisis

Question 17

The Family Nurse Practitioner is conducting a physical examination of a client with an immunity disorder. What would be an important parameter to examine?

A) Measure the client's urine output.
B) Inspect the pharynx for large, red tonsils.
C) Observe the client for physical deformities.
D) Inspect the joints for swelling or redness.

Question 18

You are the clinic nurse caring for a client with a suspected diagnosis of HIV. You are preparing to draw blood for a confirmatory diagnostic test on this client. What is the most important action that the nurse should perform before testing a client for HIV?

A) Advise the client to avoid excess fluid intake.
B) Advise the client to abstain from having intercourse.
C) Advise the client to take off any ornaments and metallic objects.
D) Obtain a written consent from the client.

Question 19

When an attenuated toxin is administered to a client, the B lymphocytes create memory cells that recognize the antigen if it invades the body at a future time. What kind of immunity is this?

A) Artificially acquired active immunity
B) Passive immunity
C) Natural immunity
D) Naturally acquired active immunity

Question 20

What is the function of the thymus gland?

A) Produce stem cells
B) Programs B lymphocytes to become regulator or effector Bcells.
C) Develop the lymphatic system
D) Programs T lymphocytes to become regulator or effector T cells.

Question 21

The anatomy and physiology class is learning about antigens and antibodies. What should the instructor explain that antibodies are?

A) Natural killer cells
B) Cells the body recognizes as 'self'
C) An invading microorganism
D) Protein on a cytokine

Question 22

What are the primary participants in the immune system?

A) Lymphoblasts and gamma globulins
B) T- and B- cell lymphocytes
C) Macrophages and memory cells
D) Stem cells and monocytes

Question 23

T-cells can be either regulator T cells or effector T cells. Regulator T cells are made up of helper and suppressor cells. What function are helper T-cells important in?

A) Producing antibodies
B) Activating lymphokines
C) Turning off the immune response
D) Fighting infection

Question 24

A nurse is exposed to hepatitis C and receives a shot of gamma globulin. What type of immunity does this nurse have?

A) Natural immunity
B) Artificially acquired active immunity
C) Naturally acquired active immunity
D) Passive immunity

Question 25

A 15-year-old client has been brought to the clinic by their mother and is suspected of having an immune system disorder. What tests would you expect to be ordered for this young client?

A) Plasmapheresis
B) Sedimentary rate
C) Complete blood count with differential
D) Complete chemistry panel