Deck 21: Genomics II: Functional Genomics, Proteomics, and

Question 1

In a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiment, proteins are separated horizontally by .

A) Net charge
B) Molecular weight
C) Abundance
D) None of the answers are correct

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The most common mechanism by which the proteome varies from the genome is

A) Alternative splicing
B) Posttranslational covalent modification
C) RNA editing
D) None of the answers are correct

Answer 2

A

Question 3

A bioinformatics researcher who is looking for RFLP sites for a specific restriction enzyme would use which of the following while analyzing a section of DNA?

A) Pattern recognition
B) Sequence recognition
C) Both of the above
D) Neither of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following procedures is used to identify a protein of interest after a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiment?

A) Subtractive cDNA library
B) Treatment with reverse transcriptase to isolate the DNA of interest
C) Southern blotting
D) Mass spectrometry

Question 5

Gene chips are being used for which of the following purposes?

A) To examine patterns of gene expression under various environmental conditions
B) To establish levels of genetic variation
C) To determine gene expression specific to certain cell types
D) To identify species of bacteria
E) All of the answers are possible

Question 6

In a given organism, which of the following is larger?

A) The proteome
B) The genome
C) Both are approximately the same size

Question 7

Which of the following areas of genetics applies mathematical principles to genetic sequences in order to better understand the genetic information?

A) Structural genomics
B) Functional genomics
C) Proteomics
D) Bioinformatics

Question 8

Which of the following would be used with a protein microarray to establish protein expression?

A) cDNA
B) mRNA
C) Plasmid vectors
D) Antibodies
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 9

Protein microarrays may be used for which of the following?

A) To study protein-protein interactions
B) To study drug-protein interactions
C) To determine levels of protein expression
D) To establish the function of a protein
E) All of the answers are correct

Question 10

What is the purpose of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiment?

A) Allows proteins to be separated by charge only
B) Allows proteins to be separated by size only
C) Neither of the above

Question 11

Expressed sequence tag libraries are also known as .

A) RFLP libraries
B) cDNA libraries
C) YACs
D) Heteroduplexes
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 12

What information would a subtractive cDNA library provide to a researcher?

A) The total protein content of a cell
B) The number of introns in the genome
C) The mRNAs that are produced only under specific conditions
D) The total genes in an organism

Question 13

make it possible for researchers to study how an entire genome responds to an environmental stimuli.

A) Bioinformatics
B) PCR reactions
C) DNA microarrays
D) Subtractive DNA libraries

Question 14

DNA microarray data may be used to determine the relationship between gene expression and protein abundance, however, these results must be confirmed by blot analysis.

A) Western
B) Eastern
C) Northern
D) Southern

Question 15

In the screening of a DNA microarray, detection of a fluorescent signal from one of the genes indicates which of the following?

A) The probe hybridized to that particular gene
B) The probe did not hybridize to that particular gene
C) The experiment was not conducted correctly
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 16

Which of the following is used to separate cellular proteins for analysis?

A) Western blots
B) Subtractive cDNA libraries
C) Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
D) Pulsed field gel electrophoresis
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 17

Which of the following increases the size of the proteome in relation to the genome?

A) Alternative splicing
B) Posttranslational covalent modification
C) RNA editing
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 18

To identify novel DNA binding sites for a protein, it would be best to use:

A) BLAST
B) YACs
C) Chromatin immunoprecipitation
D) ChIP on chip
E) Time shift experiments

Question 19

In a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis experiment, proteins are separated vertically by .

A) Net charge
B) Molecular weight
C) Abundance
D) None of the answers are correct

Question 20

Bioinformatics use computer programs called to analyze data obtained from experimental procedures.

A) Bugs
B) Viruses
C) Algorithms
D) Databases
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 21

A functional protein microarray can be used to establish the function or substrates for a given group of
proteins.

Question 22

A cluster analysis is used when reading a DNA microarray to identify genes that appear to be
expressed together.

Question 23

Which of the following terms best describes two homologous genes found in different species?

A) Homologues
B) Paralogs
C) Gene family
D) Orthologs
E) None of the answers are correct

Question 24

Two genes that share a common ancestry are said to have homology.

Question 25

The genes of a gene family that consist of two or more homologous genes are called .

A) Orthologs
B) Paralogs
C) Polylogs
D) Homologs

Question 26

BLAST stands for basic local alignment search tool.

Question 27

A collection of computer data files is called a database.

Question 28

The degree of similarity between two genetic sequences can be determined by .

A) Dot matrices
B) Multiple sequence alignments
C) Computer programs such as BLAST
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 29

The use of mathematics to understand the information within genetic sequences is called mathematical
genomics.

Question 30

Pattern recognition examines a string of nucleotides for sections that match a specific sequence parameter.

Question 31

A bioinformatics researcher who is looking microsatellites in a section of DNA would use which of the following?

A) Pattern recognition
B) Sequence recognition
C) Both of the above
D) Neither of the above

Question 32

cDNA uses chromosomal DNA as its template.

Question 33

can be used to determine the amino acid sequence of a protein or peptide.

A) X-ray crystallography
B) nuclear magnetic resonance
C) mass spectrometry
D) Chip assay

Question 34

In two dimensional gel electrophoresis, proteins are first treated with SDS and separated according to
molecular weight, and then they are separated by net charge at a specific pH.

Question 35

Genes are to the genome as are to the proteome.

A) carbohydrates
B) proteins
C) DNA
D) prions

Question 36

A small glass chip that contains thousands of microscopic pieces of DNA is called a DNA microarray.

Question 37

The three-dimensional structure of macromolecules may be determined by which of the following?

A) Computer programs use the linear sequence to predict three-dimensional structure
B) Nuclear magnetic resonance
C) X-ray crystallography
D) All of the answers are correct

Question 38

Proteome databases are collections of information on the genes of a specific species.

Question 39

Homology between which of the following is the easiest to identify?

A) Protein sequences
B) DNA sequences
C) Both are approximately equal

Question 40

are computational procedures that computers follow to analyze a genetic sequence.

A) paralogs
B) homology-based modeling
C) Algorithms
D) E-values