Deck 11: Mental Health, Psychopathology, and Therapy

Question 1

Risk factor(s) for depression in older adults under the age of 80 is (are) _______,

A)being female
B)having a chronic illness
C)stressful life events involving loss
D)All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

As a general rule,older adults are_____ to alcohol compared to younger adults and therefore the effects of alcohol persist for a _____ in older adults than in younger adults.

A)more sensitive.longer time
B)more sensitive; shorter time
C)less sensitive; longer time
D)less sensitive; shorter time

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Because some symptoms of depression are similar to symptoms of physical illnesses that are common in older adulthood,depression is often ______ in older adults.

A)underdiagnosed
B)overdiagnosed
C)accurately diagnosed

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following has the highest risk for completed (not just attempted) suicide?

A)Older European American men
B)Older European American women
C)Older African American women
D)Older Asian American men

Question 5

DSM-IV is a ______________.

A)classification system for mental disorders
B)type of therapy often used to treat depression
C)type of mental disorder commonly seen in older adults
D)type of imaging that has been used to scan the brain to detect dementia

Question 6

Today's cohort of older adults makes full use of the mental health services that are available in the community.

Question 7

The term "differential diagnosis" refers to _________________.

A)planning different treatment strategies for young and older adult patients
B)determining the exact basis for a set of symptoms
C)being more ready to detect dementia the first time an older adult forgets something
D)being cautious about detecting a physical problem when an older adult complains

Question 8

According to the diathesis-stress model,which of the following combinations would render a person most vulnerable to suffering from depression?

A)High diathesis; high stress
B)Low diathesis; low stress
C)High diathesis; low stress
D)Low diathesis; low stress

Question 9

Older adults with hypochondriasis ___________________.

A)rarely have any other mental disorders such as depression
B)usually deny having any physical health problems
C)may have had it when they were younger
D)are treated most effectively by being reassured about their health

Question 10

Sundown syndrome refers to ___________________.

A)symptoms of confusion older adults often experience in the late afternoon and evening
B)older adults' need for alcoholic beverages before the dinner hour
C)feelings of sadness and depression older adults experience as the sun sets
D)older adults' preference for taking walks outside when the sun is setting

Question 11

Depression ______________.

A)is just a part of normal aging
B)is never accompanied by cognitive difficulties
C)can be associated with bodily symptoms such as fatigue
D)is more often bipolar than unipolar in older adults

Question 12

The diathesis-stress model has been used to understand why mental disorders such as depression occur.Of the following statements,which is closest to what this model proposes?

A)Depression is attributable to a biochemical imbalance that runs in families.
B)Depression is attributable to the stressful events that take place in a person's life.
C)Some people have a stronger predisposition than others do for developing depression,but the disorder is triggered by stress.
D)Depression can be traced to a person's dietary habits and metabolism.

Question 13

In a two-year study following European American and African American caregivers of a family member diagnosed with dementia,it was found that over time,__________.

A)physical symptoms worsened in the African American caregivers but not in the European American caregivers
B)both groups had increased life satisfaction and improved physical well-being
C)compared to African American caregivers,European American caregivers experienced greater feelings of stress
D)African American caregivers experienced greater feelings of stress over time,but European American caregivers experienced more physical symptoms

Question 14

Older adults with diagnosed alcohol problems _______________.

A)are more likely to be women than men
B)are vulnerable to health problems and accidents
C)have these problems because they live alone
D)All of the above.

Question 15

In the future,it is expected that ______ older adults will need mental health services.

A)fewer
B)the same number of
C)more

Question 16

What is the best estimate of the percent of older adults (65+) who live both in the community and in institutional settings who meet the criteria for some type of mental disorder?

A)5%
B)13%
C)20%
D)45%

Question 17

Delirium is ____________________.

A)a permanent and irreversible type of dementia
B)a common type of anxiety disorder that is difficult to treat
C)rarely seen in the frail elderly
D)an acute brain dysfunction that can result from a medical condition or malnutrition

Question 18

Older adults with a high level of education and income are more vulnerable to experiencing depression than those with less education and lower income.

Question 19

One of the most frequent and also most treatable mental disorders in older adulthood is ____________.

A)Alzheimer's disease
B)depression
C)vascular dementia
D)All of the above are equally easy to treat.

Question 20

In older adults,paranoid thinking is often associated with a ______________.

A)decline in cognitive functioning
B)defense against social losses
C)defense against feelings of failure
D)All of the above

Question 21

Individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) ___________.

A)are more forgetful than most people their age
B)definitely meet the criteria for Alzheimer's disease (AD)
C)cannot carry on with any normal activities of daily living
D)are less likely to develop AD later on than are individuals who do not experience any memory problems at an earlier point in time

Question 22

When pets are introduced into nursing home settings,there have been reports that the morale of the residents improves tremendously.This is a clear reason for concluding that pets are the cause of this improvement.

Question 23

Behavior therapy would be most appropriate for older adults who need _____.

A)training to re-acquire and maintain self-feeding skills
B)encouragement to think about their past lives
C)exercises to stimulate their kinesthetic and proprioceptive receptors
D)a person in whom they can confide their deepest feelings

Question 24

What are some reasons that could explain why today's older adults may not seek mental health services?

Question 25

Vascular dementia (VaD) ________________.

A)is the most common form of dementia in the older adult age group
B)is more common in women than it is in men
C)is associated with more focal destruction of brain tissue than is Alzheimer's disease
D)comes on more gradually than Alzheimer's disease does

Question 26

Why is the number of older adults in need of mental health services expected to increase in the future?

Question 27

Which type of therapy has been helpful for physically healthy,educated older adults who suffer from depression?

A)Cognitive-behavioral therapy
B)Sensory retraining therapy
C)Reality orientation therapy
D)Reminiscence therapy

Question 28

Which type of therapy technique is best suited for institutionalized older adults with severe physical and cognitive limitations?

A)Reminiscence therapy
B)Cognitive-behavioral therapy
C)Psychodynamic therapy
D)Sensory retraining therapy

Question 29

Dementia ______________________.

A)is never seen in anyone under the age of 75
B)is a normal part of the aging process
C)always comes on suddenly and usually results in death within a year of diagnosis
D)is associated with a significant degree of cognitive impairment

Question 30

As far as we know now,which of the following is most likely to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease?

A)Increasing age
B)Being male
C)Being highly educated
D)Getting a lot of physical exercise

Question 31

Which type of dementia is most associated with both cognitive difficulties and motor disorders?

A)Alzheimer's disease (AD)
B)Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB)
C)Vascular dementia (VaD)
D)All of the above are equally likely to be associated with both cognitive difficulties and motor disorders.

Question 32

One study tested how effective a combination of reminiscence therapy and reality orientation therapy,or either one by itself,would be in improving the cognitive and behavioral functioning of nursing home residents.Which resulted in the greatest benefit?

A)Reminiscence therapy alone.
B)Reality orientation alone.
C)A combination of both therapies,but with reality orientation therapy coming first.
D)A combination of both therapies,but with reminiscence therapy coming first.

Question 33

Briefly define depression and explain why it is sometimes underdiagnosed in older adults.

Question 34

Use the diathesis-stress model to discuss why an individual who was depressed in middle-adulthood might be happier and less depressed in older adulthood.

Question 35

The term boomerang kids refers to _____________________.

A)children who are born to parents in their late middle-age years
B)children who are brought up by their grandparents
C)adult children who leave their parents' home but return some years later
D)older adults w ho engage in sports and games like they did as children

Question 36

Multi-infarct dementia (MID) is __________________.

A)usually associated with multiple strokes or hypertension
B)the result of a slow-acting virus
C)genetically determined by the APOE epsilon4 allele
D)never found in the same patients who have Alzheimer's disease

Question 37

The role of the APOE epsilon4 allele is being studied in relation to _____________.

A)Vascular dementia (VaD)
B)Alzheimer's disease
C)Multi-infarct dementia (MID)
D)Depression

Question 38

Alzheimer's disease (AD) ____________________.

A)has a sudden onset
B)leads to death shortly after it is diagnosed
C)is the most common form of dementia
D)is associated at the outset with a lack of conscious awareness of the immediate environment

Question 39

Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB)______________.

A)is extremely rare nowadays so it is not even considered when diagnosing older adults
B)is typically associated with motor symptoms similar to those seen in Parkinson's disease
C)is not associated with any cognitive symptoms
D)can be completely cured if diagnosed early enough

Question 40

The suicide rate is lower among older women than it is among older men.Can you give a reason that might explain this gender difference?

Question 41

What is the cognitive reserve hypothesis and what does it try to explain?

Question 42

Briefly describe reality orientation (RO) therapy and reminiscence therapy.For what type of problem would each be suitable?

Question 43

What is cognitive-behavioral therapy? For what kind of problem would it most likely be helpful and which type of older adult is most likely to benefit from this type of therapy?

Question 44

What is delirium and when is it most likely to occur?

Question 45

What do Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) have in common and how do they differ?

Question 46

What is hypochondriasis and how should it be treated?