Deck 12: Genetic Analysis of Development

Question 1

The sequence of bases of a molecule of mRNA is converted into a corresponding amino acid sequence during

A) transformation.
B) translation.
C) replication.
D) transversion.
E) transcription.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which type of RNA is found only in eukaryotes?

A) snRNA
B) rRNA
C) mRNA
D) tRNA
E) All of the above

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What happens during the elongation step of transcription?

A) An RNA transcript is formed and stays bound to the DNA template.
B) RNA polymerase loosely binds the -35 region of the promoter and unwinds the DNA.
C) The sigma factor dissociates from the core enzyme.
D) An RNA transcript if formed and then drops off the DNA template.
E) A polypeptide chain is formed.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The single strand of mRNA that is produced during transcription has the same polarity as the ________ strand of DNA.

A) nonsense
B) template
C) leading
D) nontemplate
E) lagging

Question 5

In eukaryotes, the initiation complex binds DNA at the

A) CAAT box.
B) TATA box.
C) GTF region.
D) GC box.
E) Pribnow box.

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic of a rho-dependent terminator?

A) Rich in AT nucleotides
B) Hairpin loop
C) Termination requires ATP
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above

Question 7

The process by which genetic information is transferred from DNA to RNA is called

A) transversion.
B) translation.
C) transformation.
D) transcription.
E) replication.

Question 8

Which of the following is not found in a eukaryotic promoter?

A) -10 box
B) TATA box
C) CAAT box
D) GC box
E) None of these are found in a eukaryotic promoter.

Question 9

In eukaryotes, precursor mRNA molecules are processed in the

A) mitochondria.
B) ribosomes.
C) nucleus.
D) cytoplasm.
E) nucleolus.

Question 10

During transcription, the synthesis of the mRNA strand proceeds in which direction?

A) Both 5' to 3' and 3' to 5'
B) First 5' to 3', and then 3' to 5'
C) 3' to 5' only
D) Either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5'
E) 5' to 3' only

Question 11

A prokaryotic mRNA transcript

A) must be further processed before it is transcribed.
B) must be transported from the nucleus before it is transcribed.
C) Both A and B
D) undergoes coupling of transcription and translation.
E) is ready to be translated as soon as it is transcribed.

Question 12

Molecules of tRNA are

A) cloverleaf in shape.
B) synthesized with modified bases.
C) single-stranded with secondary structure.
D) 75 to 90 nucleotides in length.
E) all of the above.

Question 13

Prokaryotic transcription begins when RNA polymerase binds to which site of the gene region?

A) -35
B) +35
C) -10
D) +1
E) +10

Question 14

During the initiation step of transcription, what molecule binds the promoter region of a DNA molecule?

A) DNA polymerase
B) Topoisomerase
C) DNA primase
D) RNA polymerase
E) Reverse transcriptase

Question 15

Which event occurs at the termination of transcription?

A) The RNA chain is released from the DNA.
B) RNA polymerase is released from the DNA.
C) RNA synthesis stops.
D) Both A and C
E) All of the above

Question 16

The sigma factor of RNA polymerase is necessary for

A) maximum transcription of the gene.
B) elongation of the mRNA chain.
C) termination of the mRNA chain.
D) specific recognition of promoter elements.
E) formation of the transcription bubble.

Question 17

In eukaryotes, where does transcription take place?

A) Anywhere in the cell
B) In the nucleus
C) In both the cytoplasm and nucleus
D) In the mitochondrion
E) In the cytoplasm

Question 18

The function of a ribosome is

A) to hold mRNA and tRNAs in the correct positions to enable translation.
B) to attach amino acids onto the appropriate tRNAs.
C) to make more mRNA.
D) to process pre-mRNAs into mature mRNAs.
E) to direct transcription.

Question 19

Self-cleaving RNAs that function catalytically are called

A) snRNPs.
B) ribosomes.
C) ribozymes.
D) spliceosomes.
E) snRNAs.

Question 20

Which parts of a eukaryotic gene are transcribed?

A) Both exons and introns
B) Only the exons
C) Only the introns
D) Exons, introns, promoter, and terminator sequence
E) It depends on the gene.

Question 21

All genes encode proteins.

Question 22

What would be the advantage of having multiple sigma factors that each could be produced under different stress conditions in E. coli?

Question 23

What was the significance of the 1978 finding by Philip Leder's research group that the 0.7 kb β-globin mRNA is not colinear with the gene that encodes it, but the nuclear 1.5 kb pre-mRNA is?

Question 24

RNA splicing takes place on ribosomes, which contain the pre-mRNA molecule and histones.

Question 25

What are the three basic steps of transcription?

Question 26

RNA polymerase has no proofreading activity during transcription.

Question 27

Unlike eukaryotic mRNA, prokaryotic mRNA is polycistronic.

Question 28

In eukaryotes, mature mRNAs typically have introns, a 5' cap, and a polyA tail.

Question 29

In eukaryotes, what is the difference between promoter proximal elements in "housekeeping genes" vs. cell-specific genes, and how does this relate to gene expression?

Question 30

Outline the basic differences in function among RNA polymerases in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Question 31

Termination is carried out by RNA polymerase in a rho-independent terminator.

Question 32

Before a prokaryotic mRNA can be translated, it must be modified by the addition of a polyA tail.

Question 33

The number of initiations of transcription from a promoter that has the sequence 5'-TAGCAT-3' will be greater than the initiations from a wild-type promoter.

Question 34

Describe the structure and organization of the rDNA repeat unit in eukaryotes.

Question 35

What are the functions of the 5' cap and poly(A) tail of mature mRNAs in eukaryotes?

Question 36

What is the difference between an intervening sequence and an untranslated region in a eukaryotic mRNA?

Question 37

What kind of experiment or analysis could you conduct in order to delineate the promoter elements of protein-coding genes?

Question 38

What are the three regions of a prokaryotic gene?

Question 39

What is the function of the inverted repeat in the termination sequence of a rho-independent terminator? What would happen if a mutation occurred in this region?

Question 40

A promoter is a coding portion of a gene.

Question 41

How does the rate of initiation of transcription relate to the similarity of the promoter region to the consensus sequence?

Question 42

What is the advantage of having a promoter sequence upstream of a coding sequence?