Deck 14: Education and Religion

Question 1

What is the most significant predictor of whether a student will attend a post- secondary institution?

A) Test scores
B) Personality type
C) Motivation
D) Grades
E) Family background

Answer 1

E

Question 2

One of the functions performed by schools is to mould all students into a more or less cohesive unit. What term is used to describe this function?

A) Gatekeeping
B) Tracking
C) Social placement
D) Social integration
E) Mainstreaming

Answer 2

D

Question 3

While more and more Canadians are staying in school longer, a significant number of Canadians experience illiteracy. It is suggested that higher retention rates today may mean that:

A) fewer students are failing due to poorer standards and deflation in expectations.
B) students are paying more attention in class.
C) there is more interest in developing the students' social skills.
D) there is less emphasis on rote learning and more on creative thinking.
E) schools are setting higher standards, which mean fewer students can do well on exams.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

From a functionalist perspective, what is the most obvious manifest function of education?

A) The transmission of social morals
B) The transmission of new ideologies
C) The transmission of knowledge and skills
D) The promotion of social interaction
E) The reduction of social change

Question 5

Why did sociologist Harry Gracey concluded that kindergarten is somewhat like a boot camp for the entire educational system?

A) Because students learn self discipline
B) Because students learn social integration
C) Because students are taught higher math and science
D) Because students begin to acquire skills and knowledge
E) Because students are taught to follow orders without questioning authority

Question 6

A new function of education has become the provision of sex education and birth control advice. This is an example of education .

A) having more control over social behaviour
B) having to fulfill too many functions in society
C) replacing some family functions
D) trying to expand its functions
E) serving as an effective matchmaking institution

Question 7

Until societies were able to accumulate a sufficient surplus, was synonymous with education.

A) credentialing
B) acculturation
C) adaptation
D) accommodation
E) conformity

Question 8

Industrialized nations have become societies in which employers use diplomas and degrees to determine who is eligible for jobs, even though the diploma or degree may be irrelevant to the actual work.

A) red tape
B) creditable
C) credential
D) fiduciary
E) Marxist

Question 9

In most elementary and high schools, students are taught how to use the computer to do research, write papers, and do projects. This is an example of which function of education?

A) Manifest function
B) Latent function
C) Gatekeeping
D) Social integration
E) Mainstreaming

Question 10

Corwin was in a car accident during his final year in high school and is in a wheelchair. He is a first-year student at university. This is an example of .

A) mainstreaming
B) levelling
C) social integration
D) social placement
E) social equality

Question 11

What is essential to the gatekeeping function?

A) Mainstreaming
B) Critical thinking
C) Tracking
D) Decision making
E) Matchmaking

Question 12

Richer communities have more to spend on their children than poorer communities because the schools are supported by .
A) local business leadersb. the federal government

A) local property taxes
B) the provincial lottery
C) local banks

Question 13

As industrialization progressed, formal education came to be seen as:

A) essential to the well-being of society.
B) a way to keep young children off the streets.
C) a way to reward the motivation of individuals.
D) a way for high class people to be distinguished from lower class people.
E) necessary to promote individualism in a society.

Question 14

Which term refers to the ways in which schools reflect the social structure of society?

A) The capitalist thesis
B) The conformity maxim
C) The correspondence principle
D) The matching thesis
E) The Thomas theorem

Question 15

Which is an example of a teacher transmitting the cultural value of individualism?

A) Relating the stories of Grey Owl
B) Making sure each child gets a turn at story time
C) Stressing conformity to the rules
D) Pointing out the success of one student to the others
E) Dividing the class into teams to work on a project

Question 16

You are taking an IQ test, which will be used to determine your intelligence level. The first question asks you to identify all of the equipment you will need to play the game of cricket. The second question asks the rules of the game. Finally, the third question asks you to explain how cricket is scored and the number of points you need to win the game. What does this example illustrate about IQ tests?

A) They have a particular cultural bias in measuring intelligence.
B) They only measure fluid intelligence.
C) They measure intelligence about games in the U.S.
D) They are trick questions that test your intellectual abilities.
E) They accurately measure your intelligence.

Question 17

According to conflict theorists, what is the purpose of the educational system?

A) To reproduce the social class system
B) To produce well-educated individuals
C) To replace family functions
D) To promote social change
E) To develop national unity

Question 18

Paul began kindergarten in the fall. On the eighth day of class, Paul was assigned to the "slow learner" group and placed at a table in the back of the room. Based on Rist's research, it is likely that placing Paul in this group will result in:

A) Paul working harder to learn.
B) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) Paul not paying attention because of boredom.
D) Paul's teachers spending more time teaching him.
E) Paul becoming withdrawn and quiet.

Question 19

Rachel is taking a teleconference course in sociology. What is the advantage of this new technology for Rachel?

A) She can interact with her teacher regardless of the distance.
B) She can be a passive student merely receiving instructions.
C) She can do group work instead of individual work.
D) She can do most of her work at the university library.
E) She can be entertained as she learns.

Question 20

Which term refers to courses taught to students who are not physically present?

A) Video learning
B) World-wide classroom
C) Distance learning
D) Multimedia education
E) Visual learning

Question 21

Which term did Durkheim use to refer to things set apart or forbidden, that inspire fear, awe, reverence, or deep respect?

A) Sanctified
B) Profane
C) Sacred
D) Consecrated
E) Secular

Question 22

Postmodernists believe that religion can provide .

A) absolute, universal truths
B) a space for individuals to seek out their spirituality
C) a replacement for scientific thinking
D) a solution to social inequalities
E) cultural enlightenment

Question 23

Who wrote that religion is like a drug that helps the oppressed forget their oppression, thus reducing the possibility of rebellion?

A) Robert Merton
B) Max Weber
C) Joanna Stuckey
D) Emile Durkheim
E) Karl Marx

Question 24

Which theorists maintain that religion is a universal social institution because religion meets basic human needs?

A) Conflict
B) Feminist
C) Exchange
D) Functionalist
E) Symbolic interactionist

Question 25

Which term refers to teachings or ideas that provide a unified picture of the world?

A) Scripture
B) Astrology
C) Empyrean
D) Cosmology
E) Symbolic rite

Question 26

Every year students buy "made-to-order" term papers, cheat, plagiarize, and make misrepresentations at examinations. Which of the following statements is true?

A) The problem is too small to worry about.
B) There are very limited ways for academic dishonesty.
C) Made-to-order exams are more common among first-year students.
D) As a result, students are getting better skilled now.
E) The extent of such practices is unknown, possibly due to difficulties in detection.

Question 27

What is the first criterion for good education?

A) Enhancing student self-worth by increasing social promotion
B) Providing more visual learning in the classroom and less reading assignments and lecturing
C) That students be given more say in their education
D) To guarantee students' physical safety and freedom from fear
E) To have more hands-on experience in the classroom

Question 28

In recent years we have witnessed Protestants and Catholics killing each other in Northern Ireland, Jews and Muslims engaged in conflict in the Middle East, as well as Christians and Muslims in Bosnia doing the same thing. These wars would be considered a by functionalists.

A) function of religion
B) religious campaign
C) dysfunction of religion
D) religious ritual
E) religious pursuit

Question 29

Renee has difficulty in reading and writing. However, despite these difficulties, she has been passed into the next grade every year. This is an example of promotion.

A) teacher
B) learning
C) social
D) classless
E) functional

Question 30

When a member of the Catholic church dies, there is a funeral mass. This is an example of religion .

A) providing guidelines for everyday life
B) providing emotional comfort at times of crisis
C) dealing with the profane
D) creating a moral community
E) being the opium of the people

Question 31

Until recently only men were ordained. A conflict theorist would argue this demonstrates that religious beliefs and practices are .

A) the cause of social change
B) functional for the group
C) part of the sacred and separate from society's practices
D) a reflection of a society's inequalities
E) based on cultural influences

Question 32

What is one of the keys to Jaime Escalante's successful teaching system?

A) He believes that teaching and learning can't take place unless there is discipline.
B) He chooses only the best and brightest students.
C) He makes use of the latest technology available.
D) He takes an individual learning approach.
E) He speaks to his students in Spanish.

Question 33

Which term did Durkheim use to describe a set of beliefs and practices related to sacred things that unite people into a moral community?

A) Creed
B) Cult
C) Theology
D) Religion
E) Credo

Question 34

Marie and Joe are having their son, Joshua, baptized next Sunday in their local church. The baptism of Joshua in the church is an example of a religious .

A) ritual
B) superstition
C) formality
D) practice
E) belief

Question 35

Which of the following were identified as main categories of the feminist study of spirituality?

A) Revolutionaries, rejectionists, reformists, revisionists
B) Rejectionists, rebellionists, relationists, revisionists
C) Rebellionists, rejectionists, reformists, revolutionists
D) Revisionists, rebellionists, relationists, refractionists
E) Reformists, revolutionists, relationists, refractionists

Question 36

Which term did Durkheim use to refer to a group of people united by their religious practices?

A) Church
B) Moral community
C) Religion
D) Denomination
E) Sect

Question 37

Of all the influences affecting teenagers, which is the most important?

A) Mass media
B) Peer group
C) Siblings
D) Parents
E) Teachers

Question 38

In Ontario there was a law that prohibited the sale of alcohol before noon on Sunday. This example demonstrates that religion .

A) promotes social solidarity
B) dominates
C) promotes religious individuality
D) adapts
E) controls people's behaviour

Question 39

What would be an example of a ritual?

A) Experiencing a sudden awareness of the supernatural
B) Writing a story about religion
C) A conversion experience
D) Having a cross on your living room wall
E) Praying before meals

Question 40

For the most part, feminists interested in spirituality .

A) have rejected traditional religious beliefs
B) only come from the Christian tradition
C) judge the traditional teachings to be hopelessly sexist
D) work for change from within an established religious tradition
E) import language, images, and rituals from other traditions

Question 41

Ganesh believes in the cycle of life, death, and rebirth. What term is used to describe this Hindu belief?

A) Karma
B) Reincarnation
C) Nirvana
D) Maya
E) Polytheism

Question 42

Christianity developed out of .

A) Greek Orthodoxy
B) Protestantism
C) Judaism
D) Confucianism
E) Islam

Question 43

Abby recently became a member of a new religion. The teachings and practices of this religion are in opposition to the culture and the dominant religions in her country. The type of religious organization Abby has joined would be referred to as a[n] by traditional religions.

A) religion
B) church
C) ecclesia
D) cult
E) sect

Question 44

What is Weber's term used to describe the ideal of a self-denying, highly moral life, accompanied by hard work and frugality?

A) Modernization doctrine
B) Predestination theology
C) Protestant ethic
D) Spirit of capitalism
E) Individualist ethic

Question 45

The Shi'ite branch of Islam is prone to , the belief that modernism threatens religion and that the faith as it was originally practiced should be restored.

A) charismatism
B) conservativism
C) agnosticism
D) theocracy
E) fundamentalism

Question 46

Confucius was a Chinese public official who urged social reform. What is the basic moral principle of Confucianism?

A) To embrace extremes of feeling
B) To withdraw from social activities
C) To maintain jen, sympathy or concern for other humans
D) To concentrate only on the spiritual
E) To gain peace by helping others in the community

Question 47

In recent years, members of several cults have committed suicide because of their beliefs in the cult leader's message. According to your text, why do people become susceptible to these messages?

A) Because they joined after a very traumatic event in their lives
B) Because they don't agree with dominant religious viewpoints
C) Because they did not learn the beliefs of the dominant religions
D) Because they were encouraged by their family and friends
E) Because they are isolated and cut off from family and friends

Question 48

According to Max Weber, what is the key to modernization or the transformation of traditional societies into industrial societies?

A) Education
B) Religion
C) Politics
D) Family
E) Capitalism

Question 49

Prior to the American Civil War, Southern ministers often used scripture to defend slavery, saying it was God's will-while Northern ministers also used scriptures, but to denounce slavery as evil. Conflict theorists would suggest that this example illustrates that .

A) different Christian groups have different scriptures
B) religion is used to legitimate the social order of society
C) religious and governmental issues must be kept separate
D) religious beliefs and practices reflect social inequalities
E) people interpret scripture differently

Question 50

What was Martin Luther's original goal?

A) To become the leader of the Roman Catholic church
B) To establish a new church
C) To establish a theocracy
D) To diminish inequality
E) To reform the Roman Catholic church

Question 51

Formal education is synonymous with acculturation.

Question 52

Siddhartha Gautama, founder of Buddhism, discovered four noble truths, all of which emphasize self-denial and compassion. These truths include the following:

A) nirvana can only be reached with years of practicing meditation.
B) the desire to show strength by suffering like Buddha.
C) to give up worldly possessions and live a life of simplicity.
D) suffering is life, desire is the origin of suffering, and the end of suffering occurs when desire ceases.
E) modernism threatens religion.

Question 53

Which of the following statements regarding religion in Canada is true?

A) Protestants make up the largest religious group in Canada.
B) In 2001, most Canadians reported having no religion.
C) The Eastern non-Christian religions (Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism) are the ones that have grown most significantly in Canada between 1986 and 2001.
D) Many religions in Canada share the same doctrine.
E) Most Canadians do not believe in God.

Question 54

In highly industrialized societies, credentials are often more important than job knowledge or skill.

Question 55

The 19th century brought the three "Rs" (reading, 'riting, and 'rithmetic) to education.

Question 56

When a sect becomes an institutionalized religion, most new members come from .

A) new recruits
B) relatives of members
C) children of members
D) other sects
E) other religions

Question 57

Judaism is one of the first recorded religions based on .

A) monogamy
B) polytheism
C) fundamentalism
D) animism
E) monotheism

Question 58

Muhammad founded the Muslim empire when he established a based on the belief that God is the ruler, his laws are the statutes of the land, and priests his earthly administrators.

A) state religion
B) church
C) monarchy
D) national religion
E) theocracy

Question 59

Rani is a Hindu and believes there are many gods. Rani would be considered to be a[n] .

A) spiritualist
B) atheist
C) agnostic
D) monotheist
E) polytheist

Question 60

Which of the following is true?

A) Americans are more likely to have no religious affiliation.
B) The majority of Canadians are Roman Catholic.
C) In 2001, 16 percent of Canadians reported having no religion.
D) In Canada, Protestants have been the fastest growing religious group in the last 15 years.
E) In 2001, 20 percent of Americans reported having no religious affiliation.

Question 61

Religion has sometimes been used to justify war and persecution.

Question 62

Essential to the gatekeeping function in education is tracking. It sorts students into different educational programs based on real or perceived abilities.

Question 63

Feminists argue that sexism can be overcome by taking women's experience in the church into account.

Question 64

Passing students from one grade level to the next even though they have not mastered basic materials increases illiteracy.

Question 65

In the past, education was a strong part of political socialization.

Question 66

Most cults do not last very long when compared to the dominant religions in the world.

Question 67

Religion can resist social change or it can condone social change.

Question 68

The "corporatization" of education is partly a result of reduced funding from governments.

Question 69

Durkheim called all aspects of everyday life that were not religious "profane."

Question 70

Academic achievement is related to social class.

Question 71

It is easy to determine the extent of academic dishonesty at university.

Question 72

New technologies have revolutionized long distance learning in recent years.

Question 73

Teachers stress the same components of the hidden curriculum, no matter what the social background of the students.

Question 74

Research has shown that peers affect students' grades in school. If children spend time with "good students," then they will do better academically. If they spend time with "poor students," then they will also get poor grades.

Question 75

In recent years, IQ tests have been developed that are not culturally biased.

Question 76

The only function of the education system is to transmit knowledge and skills.

Question 77

Liberal feminists are most concerned with basic equality issues within schools and educational institutions.

Question 78

The correspondence principle refers to the way schools reflect the social structure of society; thus, education helps perpetuate a society's inequalities.

Question 79

A teacher's own middle-class background has no effect on his or her dealings with students.

Question 80

Rist found that social class was the underlying basis for assigning kindergarten children to different groups.