Deck 30: the Chemical Senses

Question 1

Increased C l- conductance in olfactory sensory neurons

A) Depolarizes the cells because C l- en ter s th e c ells
B) Depolarizes the cells because Cl- leav es th e ce lls
C) Hyperpolarizes the cells because C l- en ter s th e c ells
D) Hyperpolarizes the cells because C l- lea ve s th e c ells
E) Depolarizes the cells because Ca₂+ en ter s th e c ells

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The vagus nerve innervates

A) Circumvallate papillae at the back of the tongue
B) Foliate papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue
C) Fungiform papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue
D) Fungiform papillae at the back of the tongue
E) Taste buds in the pharynx

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The salt-sensitive taste-receptor cells in humans would be blocked by

A) Am iloride
B) Eth ac ryn ic a cid
C) Ac id
D) Am monium
E) Cetylpyridinium chloride

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The sm ell of peppermint, menthol, chlorine and amm onia is unusual in that

A) Their sensory afferents are carried in the trigeminal nerve
B) The y use T1R 1 receptors
C) They use EnaC channels in their transduction mechanism
D) They are detected in the vomeronasal organ
E) They use a Gs mechanism for sensory transduction

Question 5

Humans do not discriminate well between the taste of NaCl and KCl because

A) The ion channel on the basolateral membrane is specific for Na+ ions
B) It is actually sensit ive to Cl-
C) The G-protein mechanism for salty taste b inds both Na+ and K+
D) The salty taste in humans is restricted to the circumvallate papillae
E) The ion channel in humans on the apical membrane lets either Na+ or K + into the cell.

Question 6

If you did not h ave a fun ctiona l gene for the T1 R3 rece ptor, you wou ld be u nab le to res pon d to

A) Sw eet ta stan ts
B) Bitter tas tants
C) Um am i tastan ts
D) Bo th sw eet a nd b itter tasta nts
E) Both sw eet and um am i tastants

Question 7

Which of the following papillae DO NOT have taste buds?

A) Foliate papillae
B) Fungiform papillae
C) Circumvallate papillae
D) Filiform papillae
E) All of the above have taste buds

Question 8

The T2R taste receptors

A) Allow response to salty substances
B) Are resp ons ibile for the swe et tas te
C) Resp ond to bitter tastants
D) Give us the umam i sense
E) Allow the s our m oda lity

Question 9

Each olfactory sensory neuron

A) M ake s on ly on e od ora nt b ind ing pro tein
B) Makes only a few different types of odorant binding proteins
C) Makes about 1300 different types of odorant binding proteins
D) Do not derive sensory sensitivity from the odorant binding proteins
E) Us e od oran t bindin g pro teins to disc harg e us ed o dora nts

Question 10

The po stulate d fun ction o f the v om eron asa l orga n is to

A) Detect volatile organic solvents such as CHCl3 and CCl4
B) R es po nd to a m m on ia
C) Detect pheromones
D) Detect odorants such as peppermint or chlorine
E) Respond to volatile amines

Question 11

The "ho t" taste of jalap eno pep pers is due to

A) Eth ac ryn ic a cid
B) 6 9 tetrahydrocannabinol
C) Cetylpyridinium chloride
D) Ca ps aicin
E) Am iloride

Question 12

Which of the following cell types are NOT found in the olfactory epithelium?

A) Su ste nta cu lar or s up po rtin g c ells
B) O lfa cto ry re ce pto r c ells
C) Ba sa l or s tem ce lls
D) Se cr etin g c ells
E) Pa rietal c ells

Question 13

Which of the following taste moda lities is NO T m ediated by a G-protein coupled rec eptor?

A) Sour
B) Sweet
C) Sa lt
D) Bitter
E) A and C are both correct

Question 14

Odorant binding to receptors on the olfactory sensory neurons does all of the following EXCEPT

A) Activates adenylyl cyclase
B) Increases Ca₂+ entry
C) Opens a C l- channel
D) Hyp erp olar izes the cell
E) Ac tiva tes a G -p ro tein

Question 15

The facial nerve innervates

A) Circumvallate papillae at the back of the tongue
B) Foliate papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue
C) Fungiform papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue
D) Fungiform papillae at the back of the tongue
E) Taste buds in the pharynx

Question 16

The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates

A) Circumvallate papillae at the back of the tongue
B) Foliate papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue
C) Fungiform papillae in the anterior two thirds of the tongue
D) Fungiform papillae at the back of the tongue
E) Taste buds in the pharynx

Question 17

Which of the following taste moda lities is NO T m ediated by a G-protein coupled rec eptor?

A) Sa lt
B) Sweet
C) Bitter
D) Umami
E) All of the above are mediated by GPCR

Question 18

The olfactory epithelium is located in the

A) Nasal turbinates
B) Vom eronasal organ
C) Roo f of the nas al cavity
D) Taste buds
E) Trigem inal nerve