Deck 33: Circulation

Question 1

In fishes, blood leaving the heart goes directly to the

A) brain.
B) swimming muscles.
C) gills.
D) kidney.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which heart chamber is the most muscular?

A) Left ventricle
B) Right ventricle
C) Left atrium
D) Right atrium

Answer 2

A

Question 3

An artificial pacemaker is a device that replaces the actions of the

A) atrioventricular node.
B) sinoatrial node.
C) ventricles.
D) atria.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which set of chambers supplies blood to the pulmonary circulation?

A) Left atrium and left ventricle
B) Right atrium and right ventricle
C) Ventricles
D) Atria

Question 5

Which of the following have four- chambered hearts?

A) Birds
B) Spiders
C) Frogs
D) Fishes

Question 6

In a grasshopper, all the body tissues are bathed in blood that is in the

A) heart.
B) spiracles.
C) capillaries.
D) hemocoel.
E) tracheae.

Question 7

Gap junctions

A) are found in white blood cells.
B) allow the rapid passage of electrical signals among heart cells.
C) connect veins and arteries.
D) prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atrium.

Question 8

It is important that the atrioventricular (AV) node produce a delay between the contraction of the atria and the contraction of the ventricles because this allows the

A) heart to rest for a brief period of time.
B) ventricles to fill to capacity.
C) ventricles to contract in smooth synchrony.
D) atria to contract in smooth synchrony.

Question 9

Of the following answer choices, which would NOT be found in a closed circulatory system?

A) Blood
B) Hemocoel
C) Vessels
D) Heart

Question 10

Which of these animals has a heart with only two chambers?

A) Human
B) Cat
C) Goldfish
D) Hummingbird
E) Bullfrog

Question 11

In vertebrates, which heart chamber supplies oxygenated blood to the body cells?

A) Right ventricle
B) Left atrium
C) Right atrium
D) Left ventricle

Question 12

In which vertebrate group are there two atria but only a single ventricle?

A) Some reptiles
B) Crocodiles
C) Fishes
D) Birds
E) Mammals

Question 13

A three- chambered heart

A) has three ventricles.
B) has two atria and one ventricle.
C) has three atria.
D) has one atrium and two ventricles.
E) is found in fish.

Question 14

The aorta

A) connects the right and left ventricles of the heart.
B) is a major vein.
C) contains blood with low pressure.
D) is a major artery.

Question 15

In animals that have open circulatory systems, the interstitial fluid that functions as blood is called

A) lymph.
B) hemocoel.
C) hemolymph.
D) plasma.
E) leukocyte.

Question 16

Which of these animals has a closed circulatory system?

A) Snail
B) Earthworm
C) Spider
D) Clam
E) Insect

Question 17

If a person's blood pressure is 120/70, the 70 refers to the pressure

A) during contraction of the vena cava.
B) during relaxation of the heart.
C) lowering between contractions.
D) during contraction of both ventricles.
E) during contraction of the left ventricle only.

Question 18

In mammals, blood with a low oxygen content enters the _ of the heart.

A) left ventricle
B) left atrium
C) right atrium
D) right ventricle
E) aorta

Question 19

What is the advantage of a closed circulatory system over an open one?

A) Blood flows more slowly in a closed system.
B) In a closed system, the blood comes nearer to each cell.
C) A closed system carries more blood.
D) There are more blood cells in a closed system.
E) A closed system moves blood more efficiently.

Question 20

The left ventricle is more muscular than the right ventricle because it must push the blood

A) through the pulmonary arteries only.
B) through wider blood vessels.
C) through the body's extensive system of vessels that nourish all cells.
D) against gas pressure in the lungs.

Question 21

Plasma contains all of the following components EXCEPT

A) lymph.
B) albumin.
C) hormones.
D) water.

Question 22

Plasma is primarily

A) cells.
B) water.
C) salt.
D) gases.
E) protein.

Question 23

Each of the following types of white blood cells is found within the circulatory system EXCEPT

A) leukocytes.
B) macrophages.
C) monocytes.
D) lymphocytes.

Question 24

The valve is between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.

A) atrioventricular
B) tricuspid
C) semilunar
D) bicuspid

Question 25

Erythrocytes are produced in the

A) liver.
B) spleen.
C) heart.
D) bone marrow.

Question 26

How many molecules of oxygen can bind with one molecule of human hemoglobin?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
E) Five

Question 27

Some athletes use "blood doping," in which additional red blood cells are added to the blood prior to the competition. What is the effect of blood doping?

A) It increases oxygen delivery to muscles.
B) It makes blood thinner so that it flows faster.
C) It changes the blood type.
D) It decreases blood pressure.

Question 28

Southern Copperhead snake venom contains a protein called disintegrin. Disintegrins bind to a class of membrane receptors called integrins. Platelets use integrin receptors to aggregate at a site of tissue damage. Why does the snake venom contain this molecule?

A) After the snake bites its prey, the molecule helps in wound healing.
B) The molecule helps kill the snake's prey by producing large clots that travel in the body and produce heart attacks and strokes.
C) By binding to the platelets, the molecule inhibits the formation of fibrin.
D) The molecule interferes with clot formation so that the venom can travel more efficiently from the site of the bite to the rest of the body.

Question 29

All of the following are true of the SA node EXCEPT that it

A) directly stimulates the ventricles.
B) is the pacemaker.
C) directly stimulates the atria.
D) is influenced by nerve impulses and hormones.

Question 30

The human heart contains cells that do all of the following EXCEPT

A) contract.
B) generate electrical signals.
C) respond to signals from the nervous system.
D) create new red blood cells.

Question 31

In a random screening of athletes at a recent event, a runner was disqualified for testing positive for an injected form of erythropoietin. Which of the following is a consequence of extra erythropoietin in the circulatory system?

A) More red blood cells
B) "Thin" blood that does not clot efficiently
C) Low blood pressure
D) A low white blood cell count

Question 32

Females need more dietary iron than males because they

A) lose more iron (during menstruation).
B) have fewer red blood cells.
C) have a smaller volume of blood.
D) have less bone marrow.
E) eat less red meat than males.

Question 33

When your blood pressure is measured from an artery in your arm, it is a measurement of the pressure produced by your

A) left atrium.
B) right ventricle.
C) left ventricle.
D) right atrium.

Question 34

What is the cardiac cycle?

A) The movement of blood from systemic to pulmonary circulation
B) The alternating relaxation and contraction of the heart chambers
C) The movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and then back to the heart
D) The passage of electrical impulses from the AV node to the SN node to heart muscle

Question 35

The average red blood cell lives for about days.

A) 100
B) 120
C) 90
D) 150

Question 36

Which blood constituent makes up most of the volume of blood?

A) Plasma
B) Red blood cells
C) Blood proteins
D) White blood cells

Question 37

Erythropoietin

A) stimulates the spleen to release more red blood cells.
B) is produced by the pancreas.
C) is released in response to high carbon dioxide or low oxygen levels in the blood.
D) is released only in response to hemorrhaging (bleeding).

Question 38

The most abundant cell type in blood is the

A) platelet.
B) neutrophil.
C) erythrocyte.
D) basophil.
E) leukocyte.

Question 39

Ventricles force blood directly into the

A) venules.
B) arterioles.
C) arteries.
D) veins.
E) capillaries.

Question 40

Long- distance runners like to train at high altitudes because the lack of oxygen there stimulates the

A) muscles to contract less strongly.
B) muscles to contract faster.
C) body to produce more lung tissue.
D) capillaries to diffuse oxygen more slowly.
E) bone marrow to make more erythrocytes.

Question 41

Hypertension may lead to

A) atherosclerosis.
B) lung cancer.
C) low blood pressure.
D) enlarged prostate.

Question 42

Which of the following is smallest in diameter?

A) Capillary
B) Veni
C) Venule
D) Arteriole
E) Artery

Question 43

What drives the return of blood to the heart in the systemic veins?

A) Muscles squeezing blood through the veins
B) The lymphatic system
C) Contractions of the left auricle
D) Ciliated cells lining the inside of the veins

Question 44

Plasma that leaks out of the blood in the capillary beds is returned to the venous circulation by

A) the inflammatory response.
B) the small intestine.
C) suppressor B cells.
D) the lymphatic system.

Question 45

Which of the following has the lowest pressure?

A) Venules
B) Capillaries
C) Veins
D) Arterioles
E) Arteries

Question 46

Which of these blood cells have no nucleus in mammals?

A) White blood cells
B) Red blood cells
C) Lymphocytes
D) All blood cells in mammals lack nuclei.

Question 47

What happens to the speed of blood as it passes through the capillaries?

A) It decreases slightly.
B) It increases greatly.
C) It increases slightly.
D) It depends on the location of the capillaries.
E) It decreases greatly.

Question 48

The accumulation of carbon dioxide, lactic acid, or other cellular waste causes nearby precapillary sphincters to

A) relax.
B) contract.
C) shorten.
D) lengthen.

Question 49

White blood cells

A) carry oxygen in blood.
B) are formed in the spleen.
C) protect the body from microbes.
D) clot blood.

Question 50

Erythropoietin stimulates the manufacture of

A) platelets.
B) white blood cells.
C) red blood cells.
D) albumin.

Question 51

When your physician takes your pulse, he or she is feeling the expansion and contraction of your

A) capillaries.
B) arteries or arterioles.
C) veins or venules.
D) arteries and veins.

Question 52

Which is the "good" cholesterol?

A) VHDL
B) HDL
C) LDL
D) VLDL

Question 53

Imagine that you are about to give blood for the first time. While watching other donors around you, you become pale and have to sit down before you faint. Which vessels constricted to produce this nervous side effect?

A) Capillaries
B) Venules
C) Arteries
D) Arterioles
E) Veins

Question 54

Which of the following includes lymphocytes?

A) Red blood cells
B) Platelets
C) White blood cells
D) Albumin

Question 55

What is one reason arteries can withstand higher blood pressure than veins?

A) Arteries contain all types of blood cells, whereas veins contain only erythrocytes.
B) Arteries have thick walls that contain layers of muscle and connective tissue.
C) Arteries contain only oxygenated blood.
D) Arteries have one- way valves to prevent blood from flowing backward.

Question 56

Which of the following types of blood vessels are directly involved in the exchange of materials between blood and tissues?

A) Veins
B) Capillaries
C) Arterioles
D) Arteries
E) Lymphatics

Question 57

What is the role of valves in the veins?

A) They push the blood back toward the capillaries so that all the oxygen can be removed.
B) They push the blood upward toward the heart.
C) They slow blood flow in the veins so that the blood can move more slowly in the capillaries.
D) They block the flow of blood to the heart until it has time to contract again.
E) They keep blood from flowing backward when the veins are squeezed by skeletal muscles.

Question 58

What is the correct sequence of blood vessels from the heart through the body and back to the heart?

A) Veins, venules, capillaries, arterioles, arteries
B) Arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins
C) Veins, venules, arteries, arterioles, capillaries
D) Arterioles, arteries, capillaries, veins, venules
E) Arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, capillaries

Question 59

The head of a giraffe is 5 meters above its heart. Compared to humans, giraffes have

A) less blood volume.
B) veins of smaller diameter.
C) lower systolic blood pressure.
D) higher systolic blood pressure.

Question 60

Which of the following does NOT play a role in blood clotting?

A) Albumin
B) Platelets
C) Thrombin
D) Fibrinogen
E) Fibrin

Question 61

Fluid that leaks (or is pushed out by pressure) from the capillaries into the tissue spaces is known as _ fluid.

Question 62

Bone marrow is part of the lymphatic system.

Question 63

All of the following are functions of the lymphatic system EXCEPT

A) returning fluid to the circulatory system.
B) returning dissolved materials to the circulation.
C) transporting oxygen to the lungs.
D) defending the body.
E) transporting fats to the circulatory system.

Question 64

Lymph nodes aid in the destruction of bacteria and viruses.

Question 65

Atherosclerosis

A) is a condition of the veins.
B) is another name for high blood pressure.
C) causes a loss of plaque from the walls of the arteries.
D) reduces blood flow in arteries.
E) is caused by a diet high in salt.

Question 66

While sitting in front of the TV, the average person's heart rate is about 70 beats per minute because the nervous system slows the heart down from the approximately 100 beats per minute that the pacemaker, the node, sets.

Question 67

What two organs are considered to be part of the lymphatic system?

A) Heart and lungs
B) Spleen and thymus
C) Thalamus and hypothalamus
D) Gall bladder and kidneys
E) Pancreas and liver

Question 68

Which of the following is delivered from the small intestine to the bloodstream through the lymphatic system?

A) Amino acids
B) Carbohydrates (sugars)
C) Proteins
D) Lipids (fats)

Question 69

In an average person, how many liters of interstitial fluid leave the capillaries each day?

A) 8
B) 12
C) 3 to 4
D) 2
E) 1

Question 70

The period of time in which the ventricles contract is known as ventricular .

Question 71

A diagnosis of (or high blood pressure) is made when blood pressure is higher than 140/90.

Question 72

Red blood cells carry oxygen that is attached to a large, iron- containing protein called .

Question 73

How do lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries?

A) They contain plasma.
B) They have "dead ends."
C) They contain red blood cells.
D) They have a wall only one cell layer thick.
E) They are made by lymphocytes.

Question 74

The fluid portion of the blood is called .

Question 75

What is an advantage of closed circulatory systems?

Question 76

Fishes have a two- chambered heart, a single atrium, and a single ventricle.

Question 77

All of the following are true statements about the lymphatic system EXCEPT that

A) the lymphatic system returns fluids to the bloodstream.
B) lymphatic vessels resemble veins because they have valves.
C) the lymphatic system helps defend the body against disease.
D) the lymphatic system transports carbohydrates from the small intestine to the blood.

Question 78

When interstitial fluid enters the lymphatic system, it becomes known as

A) plasma.
B) lymph.
C) macrophage.
D) globulin.
E) interstitial fluid.

Question 79

Platelets are large cells that aid in blood clotting.

Question 80

Thrombin catalyzes the conversion of the plasma protein fibrinogen into fibrin.