Question 1

Knowledge is different to information and data.Which of the following is not generally true?&#10;A)Knowledge is information that has been put into some context.&#10;B)Information is data that has been structured in some way.&#10;C)Knowledge is more easily shared than information.&#10;D)Data is more easily stored than information.

Accepted Answer

Knowledge is typically more difficult to share than information because it often involves personal experience, expertise, and interpretation. Information, on the other hand, can be shared more easily through various platforms and channels. A, B, and D are generally true statements about the differences between data, information, and knowledge.

Question 2

What is a major disadvantage of using patents as indicators of innovation?&#10;A)Patents are an output of the innovation process.&#10;B)Many innovations are not patented.&#10;C)Patents are expensive and difficult to file.&#10;D)Many patents are not commercialised.

Accepted Answer

Many innovations are not patented, meaning that relying solely on patents as indicators of innovation would miss a significant portion of innovative activity.

Question 3

Nonaka proposes the concept of a social learning cycle.In this model how does the codification knowledge occur primarily?&#10;A)Socialisation.&#10;B)Externalisation.&#10;C)Combination.&#10;D)Internalisation.

Accepted Answer

In Nonaka's social learning cycle, codification knowledge occurs primarily through externalisation, which refers to the process of converting tacit knowledge into explicit knowledge that can be easily shared and communicated among individuals or within an organization. This process involves articulating and articulating tacit knowledge through various means such as language, symbols, or physical representations.

Question 4

C-Space (culture-space) is a useful conceptual framework for analysis which focuses on the structuring and flow of knowledge within and between organizations.Which of the following is not true?&#10;A)Diffusion of knowledge requires codification.&#10;B)Codification reduces complexity.&#10;C)Problem-solving promotes the codification of knowledge.&#10;D)Absorption promotes the diffusion of knowledge.

Accepted Answer

The answer of C-Space (culture-space) is a useful conceptual framework...

Question 5

Licensing an innovation to another firm, rather than developing and commercializing it inhouse, has the following advantage:&#10;A)Increases managerial control of development and commercialisation.&#10;B)Reduces the cost and risk of development and commercialisation.&#10;C)Increases the profitability of development and commercialisation.&#10;D)Reduces managerial control of development and commercialisation.

Accepted Answer

Licensing an innovation to another firm reduces the cost and risk of development and commercialization. The licensee takes on the responsibility for developing and commercializing the innovation, which can reduce the financial burden and risk for the licensor. Additionally, licensing can provide the licensor with a source of revenue through licensing fees and royalties. However, it also means that the licensor will have less control over the development and commercialization process.

Question 6

One of the central challenges in knowledge management is to encourage the exchange of tacit knowledge between communities of practice.Which of the following is not a useful means to encourage such exchange of knowledge:

A)Knowledge translators.
B)Knowledge intranets.
C)Knowledge brokers.
D)Boundary objects.

Accepted Answer

Knowledge intranets are a useful tool for sharing explicit knowledge but they do not necessarily encourage the exchange of tacit knowledge. The other options (knowledge translators, knowledge brokers, and boundary objects) are all useful means to facilitate the exchange of tacit knowledge between communities of practice.

Question 7

Which of the following characteristics of communities of practice is not true?&#10;A)Promote the sharing of knowledge across different communities.&#10;B)Promote the sharing of knowledge within communities of practice.&#10;C)Are organized around common tasks, professions or projects.&#10;D)Are a means to link individual and organizational learning.

Accepted Answer

Communities of practice are focused on promoting the sharing of knowledge within a specific community or group, rather than across different communities. The other three options are all true characteristics of communities of practice.

Question 8

David Tranfield and his colleagues map the different phases of the innovation process to identify the knowledge routines in each of the innovation phases.Which of the following is not included in this model?

A)Realisation - the application and implementation of knowledge to a specific innovation.
B)Discovery - searching and capturing knowledge.
C)Learning - transferring knowledge from individuals to the organization.
D)Nuturing - developing and supporting an innovation.

Accepted Answer

The model by David Tranfield and his colleagues does not include "Learning - transferring knowledge from individuals to the organization" as a distinct phase in the innovation process.

Question 9

There are many proven mechanisms to help transfer knowledge across an organization.Which of the following is not a widely-accepted method?&#10;A)Boundary objects, that is tasks, processes or projects shared by different groups.&#10;B)Brokers, with weak relationships between many different groups.&#10;C)Gatekeepers, who control access to different groups.&#10;D)Translators, that is staff based in more than one group.

Accepted Answer

Gatekeepers, who control access to different groups, are not typically considered a mechanism for transferring knowledge across an organization. Instead, they might limit the flow of information by controlling who has access to certain knowledge or groups.

Question 10

Some types of knowledge are more individual, others more collective.Which of the following is generally not true?&#10;A)Encultured knowledge is social and collective.&#10;B)Collective knowledge is embedded in processes and routines.&#10;C)Embrained knowledge is inherently personal and individual.&#10;D)Embodied knowledge is generic and explicit.

Accepted Answer

Embodied knowledge is based on personal experiences and bodily sensations, making it inherently personal and individual. It is not generic and explicit, as it is difficult to fully articulate or transfer to others.

Question 11

Which of the following conditions is not necessary for the granting of a patent:&#10;A)Novelty, no part of prior art.&#10;B)Demonstrated commercial or financial potential.&#10;C)Inventive step, non-obvious.&#10;D)Demonstrated application or utility.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following conditions is not...

Question 12

Richard Hall's work on organizational memory and competencies identifies a number of sources of advantage.Which of the following is not a typical basis of competencies?&#10;A)Position, based on prior decisions and investments.&#10;B)Products, differentiated from competitors.&#10;C)Intangible assets, such as intellectual property or reputation.&#10;D)Cultural, organisational and individual.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Richard Hall's work on organizational memory and...

Question 13

Cross-functional teams are an effective way to promote knowledge-sharing.Which of the following is generally not true of such teams?&#10;A)Encourage group cohesiveness and consensus.&#10;B)Provide access to external knowledge.&#10;C)Generate a wider range of options.&#10;D)Extend the knowledge base.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cross-functional teams are an effective way to...

Question 14

Patents can be used as an indicator of innovation.Which of the following is the least reliable method?&#10;A)Number of patents granted.&#10;B)Citations of patents.&#10;C)Science linkage.&#10;D)Technology life cycle.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Patents can be used as an indicator...

Question 15

Using intellectual property rights (IPR) as a means of commercialising an innovation has many advantages, but also significant risks.Which of the following is not a common problem?&#10;A)Opportunity costs of search, registration and renewal.&#10;B)Restricts market applications.&#10;C)Public registration and disclosure.&#10;D)Ability to enforce rights.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using intellectual property rights (IPR) as a...

Deck 15: Exploiting Knowledge and Intellectual Property