Deck 16: The Nervous System: Pathways and Higher-Order Functions

Question 1

Membrane attached to the stapes.

A) pharyngotympanic
B) tectorial membrane
C) oval window
D) tympanic membrane
E) round window

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Sensory receptor for taste.

A) gustatory epithelial cells
B) tongue papilla
C) olfactory bulb
D) taste bud
E) taste pore

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Fluid filling the posterior segment of the eye.

A) aqueous humor
B) endolymph
C) vitreous humor
D) serous fluid
E) synovial fluid

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Transparent structure of the eye containing regularly aligned collagen fibers.

A) lens
B) ciliary body
C) choroid
D) cornea
E) sclera

Question 5

Bony labyrinth structure containing the utricle and saccule.

A) macula lutea
B) ora serrate
C) macula densa
D) scala vestibule
E) vestibule

Question 6

Figure 16.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the anterior segment, which is filled with aqueous humor.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 7

Figure 16.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is called the cochlea.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 8

Figure 16.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the ciliary body.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

Figure 16.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the portion of the fibrous layer known as the sclera.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 10

Microvilli from gustatory cells project through this structure.

A) gustatory epithelial cells
B) taste pore
C) tongue papilla
D) taste bud
E) olfactory bulb

Question 11

Transparent mucous membrane covering the inner surface of the eyelid.

A) lacrimal apparatus
B) palpebrae
C) tarsal glands
D) conjunctiva
E) lacrimal caruncle

Question 12

Figure 16.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is important in equalizing air pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 13

Region of the forebrain overlying the cribriform plate of the ethmoid.

A) temporal lobe
B) olfactory epithelium
C) insula
D) olfactory bulb
E) thalamus

Question 14

Melanin-containing layer of the eyeʹs vascular tunic.

A) choroid
B) lens
C) cornea
D) sclera
E) ciliary body

Question 15

Figure 16.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the region of the retina that contains only cones and provides maximal visual acuity.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 16

Figure 16.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the middle ear ossicle that is known as the stirrup.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 17

Figure 16.2
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the transparent portion of the fibrous layer.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 18

Figure 16.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that contains receptors for rotational acceleration.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 19

Filaments of the olfactory receptor cells synapse with these cells of the olfactory tract.

A) mitral cells
B) olfactory stem cells
C) glomeruli
D) support epithelial cells
E) cells in the lamina propria

Question 20

Figure 16.1
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
Identify the letter that indicates the structure that is the boundary between the external and middle ear.

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 21

Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ of Corti?

A) The ʺhairsʺ of the receptor cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane.
B) The spiral organ is part of the cochlear duct, which equals the scala media.
C) The tectorial membrane bends with vibrations, whereas the basilar membrane is rigid and fixed.
D) High-frequency sounds stimulate hair cells at the basal end of the basilar membrane.

Question 22

The basilar membrane supports the

A) modiolus.
B) spiral ganglion.
C) spiral lamina.
D) bony labyrinth.
E) spiral organ.

Question 23

Hyperopia and presbyopia may have some features in common, but a key difference between these two conditions is that

A) one is farsightedness, and the other is nearsightedness.
B) in hyperopia the lens can accommodate, but in presbyopia it cannot.
C) nearsighted people never develop presbyopia, but they can develop hyperopia.
D) people with astigmatism never develop presbyopia, but they can develop hyperopia.

Question 24

In Chapter 12 on the CNS, we learned that the inferior olivary nucleus and medial lemniscus are a relay nucleus and a fiber tract in general somatic sensory pathways in the brain. The superior olivary nucleus and the lateral lemniscus are entirely different structures belonging to what sensory pathway?

A) taste
B) visual
C) olfactory
D) auditory

Question 25

Endolymph is made

A) from the dura mater.
B) in the stria vascularis.
C) from perilymph.
D) in the scala vestibuli.

Question 26

Gel-like structure embedded with the tips of cochlear hair cells.

A) basilar membrane
B) scala vestibule
C) tympanic membrane
D) tectorial membrane
E) scala tympani

Question 27

Which of the following areas has the highest concentration of cones?

A) the optic disc
B) the ora serrata retinae
C) the fovea centralis
D) the macula lutea

Question 28

Along with the saccule, this structure senses linear acceleration.

A) spiral organ
B) semicircular canals
C) cochlear duct
D) utricle
E) vestibule

Question 29

ʺUncinate fitsʺ are characterized by

A) vertigo.
B) imaginary odors.
C) photo sensitivity.
D) auditory hallucinations.

Question 30

Which of the following structures in the eye are pigmented?

A) the retina
B) sclera
C) the cornea
D) lens

Question 31

Endolymph-filled structure containing receptors for hearing.

A) semicircular canals
B) vestibule
C) utricle
D) cochlear duct
E) saccule

Question 32

Hair cells are receptor cells for

A) both hearing and equilibrium.
B) taste.
C) smell.
D) fine touch.

Question 33

Where do tears drain?

A) into the lacrimal gland
B) into the pharynx
C) into the Eustachian tube
D) into the nasal cavity

Question 34

Of the following structures, which is the only one that contains perilymph (instead of endolymph)?

A) scala media
B) semicircular ducts
C) saccule
D) scala tympani

Question 35

Clouding of which of the following structures would lead to a clinical condition known as a cataract?

A) cornea
B) vitreous humor
C) aqueous humor
D) lens

Question 36

Calcium carbonate crystals of the macula.

A) scala tympani
B) helicotrema
C) otoliths
D) stapedius
E) modiolus

Question 37

Of the following glands, which does not help keep the anterior part of the eye from drying out?

A) lacrimal gland
B) tarsal glands
C) lacrimal caruncle
D) goblet cells in the conjunctiva

Question 38

Which is true about a retinal detachment?

A) It is a detachment of the complete thickness of the retina from the choroid.
B) The detached portion contains no capillaries.
C) It causes blindness immediately.
D) It can result from a blow to the eye.

Question 39

What axons decussate in the optic chiasma?

A) the fibers in the optic radiation of white matter
B) axons from the medial half of each eye
C) all fibers from both eyes
D) those from the lateral half of each retina

Question 40

The ora serrata is a

A) part of the retina.
B) part of the choroid layer.
C) part of the modiolus.
D) type of papilla that houses taste buds.

Question 41

The oval window of the ear is connected directly to which passageway?

A) pharyngotympanic tube
B) scala vestibuli
C) external auditory canal
D) scala tympani

Question 42

Which of the following would not be associated with strabismus?

A) paralysis of the extrinsic muscles of the eye
B) damage to the optic nerve
C) damage to the oculomotor nerve
D) lesions of the midbrain

Question 43

Another name for the ciliary zonule is

A) cochlear duct.
B) the bitter taste zone on the tongue.
C) olfactory glomerulus.
D) the suspensory ligament of the lens.

Question 44

Nearsightedness is more properly called

A) myopia.
B) hyperopia.
C) emmetropia.
D) presbyopia.

Question 45

The oil component found in tears is produced by the

A) lacrimal glands.
B) endocrine glands.
C) conjunctiva.
D) tarsal glands.

Question 46

The eyelids house all of the following except the

A) orbicularis oculi muscles.
B) tarsal glands.
C) lacrimal sac.
D) superior tarsal muscle.

Question 47

The cristae in the inner ear contain the receptors for

A) all aspects of hearing.
B) all aspects of equilibrium.
C) rotational equilibrium.
D) static equilibrium.

Question 48

Farsightedness is more properly called

A) hyperopia.
B) presbyopia.
C) myopia.
D) emmetropia.

Question 49

The external ear consists of each of the following structures except the

A) helix.
B) vestibule.
C) auricle.
D) lobule.

Question 50

The middle ear cavity is normally filled with

A) endolymph.
B) mucus.
C) perilymph.
D) air.

Question 51

Which cranial nerve does not innervate the extrinsic eye muscles?

A) oculomotor
B) facial
C) abducens
D) trochlear

Question 52

Ringing in the ears, vertigo, and gradual loss of hearing typify the disorder called

A) conjunctivitis.
B) strabismus.
C) Ménièreʹs syndrome.
D) glaucoma.

Question 53

Which of the following lies closest to the anterior pole of the eye?

A) center of the cornea
B) tip of an eyelash
C) sclera
D) center of the lens

Question 54

Receptors for hearing are located in the

A) tympanic membrane.
B) middle ear.
C) cochlear duct.
D) semicircular canals.

Question 55

The muscle that opens the eye is the

A) superior rectus.
B) frontalis on forehead.
C) levator palpebrae superioris.
D) orbicularis oculi.

Question 56

The first ʺway stationʺ (relay nucleus) in the visual pathway from the eye, after there has been partial crossover of the fibers in the optic chiasma, is the

A) lateral geniculate nucleus.
B) primary visual cortex.
C) temporal lobe.
D) superior colliculi.

Question 57

What structure is handled by an ʺeye bankʺ?

A) just the retina
B) just the cornea
C) whole eyes for eye transplants
D) just the lens

Question 58

Scientists who are trying to find a way to make neurons divide to heal nerve injuries often study the bodyʹs few mitotic neurons. These neurons are the

A) photoreceptors.
B) basal cells in the taste buds.
C) auditory hair cells.
D) olfactory stem cells.

Question 59

An essential part of the maculae involved in static equilibrium is/are the

A) cupula.
B) otoliths.
C) spiral organ (of Corti).
D) scala media.

Question 60

The sensation of taste involves

A) photons altering pigment molecules.
B) movement of crystals embedded in gelatinous masses.
C) chemicals binding to microvilli.
D) bending of cilia.

Question 61

Which of the following membranes is not part of the cochlea?

A) basilar
B) vestibular
C) tympanic
D) tectorial

Question 62

During embryonic development, the retina of the eye develops from

A) an outpocketing of the diencephalon.
B) the mesoderm and the endoderm.
C) the mesoderm.
D) the surface ectoderm.

Question 63

The bony labyrinth is located in which portion of the temporal bone?

A) petrous
B) tympanic
C) mastoid
D) squamous

Question 64

The nerve carrying taste information from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue is the

A) hypoglossal.
B) olfactory.
C) glossopharyngeal.
D) facial.

Question 65

There are three layers of neurons in the retina. Which of the following neurons have axons that form the optic nerves?

A) rod cells
B) bipolar cells
C) cone cells
D) ganglion cells

Question 66

Each of the following structures participates in bending of light entering the eye except the

A) lens.
B) vitreous humor.
C) cornea.
D) iris.

Question 67

Nerve axons from the lateral portion of each retina

A) cross over to the opposite side of the retina.
B) pass posteriorly without crossing over at the chiasma.
C) carry information from the lateral half of the visual field.
D) branch at the chiasma, some branches crossing and some not crossing.

Question 68

The transmission of sound vibrations through the external acoustic meatus occurs chiefly through

A) bone.
B) air.
C) nerve fibers.
D) fluid.

Question 69

The cristae ampullares in the inner ear are located in the

A) saccule.
B) cochlear duct.
C) semicircular ducts.
D) utricle.

Question 70

Filaments that pass through the olfactory foramina of the cribriform plate belong to

A) dendrites of the olfactory bulb mitral cells.
B) axons of the olfactory receptor cells.
C) dendrites of the olfactory receptor cells.
D) axons of the olfactory bulb mitral cells.

Question 71

Abraham spoke so softly that Jason rolled a piece of paper into a funnel shape and put one end into his external auditory canal to signal Abraham to speak up. Abraham then shouted that a certain anatomical structure serves exactly the same function as Jasonʹs paper funnel. That structure is the

A) pharyngotympanic tube.
B) pinna.
C) mastoid antrum.
D) round window.

Question 72

The sclera of the eye develops from

A) head mesenchyme.
B) the lens placode.
C) the optic cup.
D) the optic stalk.

Question 73

The ossicle that is shaped like the stirrup of a saddle is the

A) tympanic membrane.
B) malleus.
C) stapes.
D) incus.

Question 74

Which of the following is not part of the flow of taste sensation along the gustatory pathway to the cerebral cortex?

A) solitary nucleus of the medulla oblongata
B) thalamic nuclei
C) hypothalamic appetite centers
D) vagus nerve

Question 75

What structure regulates the amount of light passing to the visual receptors of the eye?

A) aqueous humor
B) lens
C) pupil
D) vitreous humor

Question 76

Which of the following could not be seen as one looks into the eye with an ophthalmoscope?

A) fovea centralis
B) macula lutea
C) optic chiasma
D) optic disc

Question 77

Which of the following controls the amount of light entering the eye?

A) medial rectus
B) ciliary muscle
C) levator palpebrae
D) dilator/sphincter pupillae muscles

Question 78

The center for vision in the cerebral cortex is located in the

A) parietal lobe.
B) frontal lobe.
C) occipital lobe.
D) temporal lobe.

Question 79

The superior oblique muscle turns the eye both laterally and

A) laterally.
B) superiorly.
C) medially.
D) inferiorly.

Question 80

Ordinarily, it is not possible to transplant tissues from one person to another without rejection, yet corneas can be transplanted with impunity. This is because the cornea

A) has no blood supply, except around the periphery.
B) is exposed and easily accessible.
C) has no nerve supply.
D) is not a human structure.