Deck 9: Strategies for Creating an Effective Classroom School Environment

Question 1

Which one of the following teacher statements is most consistent with the recommendation that classroom rules and procedures should be presented in an informational,rather than controlling,manner?

A)"You should always do your math homework on wide-ruled paper and make sure your answers are lined up in rows that are easy for me to grade."
B)"When you write your compositions,remember that I can read what you've written more easily and can give you more useful feedback if you write clearly."
C)"Remember to do your own work on this assignment. This is not like the cooperative activity we did yesterday."
D)"Tomorrow you should bring in a newspaper or magazine article about one of the countries we are studying in current events this week."

Answer 1

"When you write your compositions,remember that I can read what you've written more easily and can give you more useful feedback if you write clearly."

Question 2

Students are most likely to follow classroom rules if they understand the reasons behind the rules. Below are four possible ways teachers might help students learn why a few rules for classroom behavior are essential. Which one is most consistent with recommendations offered in the textbook?

A)Let the class operate without rules for the first week or two.
B)Let the class operate without rules until one is needed for a problem that arises.
C)Have students discuss problems that could arise in the classroom and develop possible ways of solving them.
D)Describe what a classroom with no rules and procedures would be like.

Answer 2

Have students discuss problems that could arise in the classroom and develop possible ways of solving them.

Question 3

From a classroom management standpoint,which one of the following statements describes the most suitable physical arrangement of a classroom?

A)One that minimizes distractions and facilitates teacher-student interactions
B)One that has as little furniture as possible so that students can move about in an unrestricted fashion
C)One that is structured and orderly enough to communicate the message that the teacher must ultimately be in control of what happens in the classroom
D)One that allows students to feel as relaxed as possible

Answer 3

One that minimizes distractions and facilitates teacher-student interactions

Question 4

Which one of the following classrooms best reflects effective classroom management as the textbook uses the term?

A)Mr. Alton's students are busily working on their math assignments in groups of three or four students each. When groups get a bit noisy in their discussions of particular problems,Mr. Alton reminds them to use their "indoor" voices.
B)While Ms. Berg works with a reading group,most of her other students are doing their assigned seatwork,although a handful of them are giggling in the corner about something that happened on the school bus earlier.
C)While Ms. Carrera sits at her desk in the front of the classroom,her students are doing assignments independently at their desks. As long as the classroom is quiet,she overlooks the students' whispering,note passing,and mindless doodling.
D)In his physical education class,Mr. Dupuis works with the students who seem truly interested in learning the long jump. Those students who don't want to try the jump are allowed to sit on the sidelines and talk quietly among themselves.

Question 5

Teachers who model their classroom management strategies on authoritative parenting are most likely to do which one of the following?

A)Impose strict,nonnegotiable rules for behavior
B)Explain why certain behaviors are unacceptable
C)Be aloof and nonemotional in interactions with students
D)Assign a lot of drill-and-practice exercises that promote automaticity

Question 6

Three of the following teacher behaviors are consistent with the textbook's suggestions for communicating caring and respect for students. Which one is not?

A)Ms. Avanti comes to school every day with her lessons carefully thought through and well prepared.
B)Mr. Banyard gives assignments that he knows students can complete independently with little effort.
C)Mr. Cranston gives students several criteria they can use to evaluate their own performance on homework assignments.
D)Twice a week Ms. Delacorte writes responses to students' entries in their class journals.

Question 7

Three of the following strategies may help promote a sense of community in the classroom. Which strategy is least likely to promote this sense of community?

A)Encouraging prosocial behavior
B)Providing opportunities for students to tutor one another on difficult subject matter
C)Incorporating students' ideas into classroom discussions
D)Publicly praising students who consistently outperform their classmates

Question 8

Ms. Girardi,a sixth-grade teacher,is explaining an assignment. She notices two students passing notes to one another. While continuing to discuss the assignment,she moves toward the students and confiscates the written notes. Then she walks back to the front of the class without discontinuing her lecture and asks Mark (who seems to be daydreaming)to answer a question. This scenario best illustrates which one of the following classroom management skills?

A)Negative reinforcement
B)Withitness
C)Scaffolding
D)Planning for transitions

Question 9

Which one of the following is consistent with the textbook's recommendations regarding establishing rules and procedures for the classroom?

A)Begin with a few basic rules and procedures; as the year goes on,involve students in decision making about additional issues that arise.
B)Allow students to establish all rules for daily classroom routines and procedures.
C)Make a complete list of expectations for students' behavior; distribute and explain it on the first day of class.
D)In sixth grade and above,have a full academic lesson on the first day; most students at this level already know what behaviors are acceptable in the classroom.

Question 10

As the textbook discusses,challenging tasks are often the ones that are most likely to promote students' learning and cognitive development. Yet students sometimes resist such challenges. Which one of the following is consistent with the textbook's recommendation for how to incorporate challenging activities into the classroom curriculum?

A)Start the year with relatively easy tasks that give students a sense of success,then gradually increase the difficulty level of assignments.
B)Start the year with few if any requirements,allowing students to feel comfortable in their new classroom,and then begin assigning challenging tasks after a week or two.
C)Start the year with extremely difficult assignments,then make them slightly easier after a few days.
D)Explain to students that they have little to gain from doing things they already know how to do.

Question 11

Four students are telling one another about their new teachers. From the perspective of the textbook,which student is describing the most effective classroom climate?

A)Adele says,"My teacher is really cool. He pretty much lets us do our own thing. He doesn't pressure us if we don't feel like paying attention. In fact,one girl was crying in the corner the other day,and he didn't say a word to her."
B)Brandon says,"My teacher is a little scary at times. When Harry came in late one day,she looked over her reading glasses at him until he crawled into his seat,and she suggested that if he was late again,he might as well not show up."
C)Chelsey says,"My teacher makes class really fun. He tells lots of jokes to make us laugh. If we don't get anything done one day,we just try to do twice as much the next day."
D)Darren says,"Marianne came in late yesterday looking really upset. My teacher stopped for a minute to talk quietly with her but didn't give her much static about being late for class."

Question 12

Which one of the following does the textbook suggest as a strategy that teachers can use to demonstrate that they care for and respect their students?

A)Remind students periodically that if they need someone to talk to,they should feel free to make an appointment to see the school counselor.
B)Give each student at least three compliments every day.
C)Take students aside individually at least once a week and ask them how things are going at home.
D)Express concern and willingness to help if a student appears angry or upset.

Question 13

Which one of the following alternatives best illustrates collective self-efficacy of teachers?

A)The teachers at West Middle School confer weekly about students who are at risk for academic failure,and they are confident that by working together they can help these students be successful at school.
B)The teachers at South Elementary School have coordinated what they do at each grade level so that at any particular grade,students master the knowledge and skills they will need in the subsequent grade.
C)The English teachers at East High School have agreed on how they will teach the required freshman English class. That way,students will have a similar classroom experience no matter which teacher they have for the course.
D)A third-grade teacher and a fourth-grade teacher at North Elementary School have combined their two classes into one large class. Sometimes they team-teach the entire group. At other times they divide the class into two smaller groups,one of which is ready for more advanced work than the other.

Question 14

Students are especially likely to misbehave during transitions from one activity to another. Which one of the following high school teachers is handling a transition in a recommended fashion?

A)Mr. Antuna has his geography students come into the classroom and sit quietly until everyone is seated and ready to work.
B)Ms. Bartholomew asks a student to erase the whiteboard at the beginning of class.
C)Mr. Chinn's students know that as soon as they get to class,they should copy the outline and key concepts written on the chalkboard.
D)Five minutes before the end of each class period,Ms. Dahl has her students put away their notebooks and other materials and wait quietly for the bell to ring.

Question 15

Mr. Finke is concerned about Ruth,a sullen,argumentative third grader who shows little interest in school subject matter and classroom assignments. She is so rude and defiant that Mr. Finke finds himself speaking to her only to chastise her for wrongdoings. Mr. Finke realizes that his relationship with Ruth has gotten off to a bad start and vows to remedy the situation. Three of the following strategies are consistent with the textbook's recommendations for addressing nonproductive teacher-student relationships. Which one is not consistent with its recommendations?

A)Seek the permission of Ruth's parents to take her to her favorite fast-food restaurant for lunch on a Saturday afternoon.
B)Meet privately with Ruth to talk about her behavior and find out what her concerns are.
C)Hold Ruth to less stringent rules for behavior until she and Mr. Finke can form a more productive relationship.
D)Confer with fellow teachers about Ruth's behavior and jointly generate hypotheses that might yield effective remedies.

Question 16

Which one of the following strategies is most consistent with the textbook's recommendations for dealing with rule infractions?

A)Unless there are extenuating circumstances,all students should be treated consistently when they break a rule.
B)Consequences for misbehavior should be tailored to students' unique temperaments.
C)Teachers need to be more lenient when dealing with students who have emotional and behavioral disorders.
D)High achievers should be held to higher standards for classroom behavior than low achievers.

Question 17

Which one of the following examples is most consistent with educators' views of an effective classroom climate?

A)In Ms. Puzio's fifth-grade classroom,students work quietly at their desks most of the day on independent assignments she has tailored to match their individual needs and skill levels.
B)Mr. Kavanoze's fifth graders are free to do whatever they want as long as they pass weekly classroom quizzes and are relatively quiet.
C)Ms. Sommarstrom encourages her fifth graders to express their opinions about various topics,even though such opinions may differ from her own.
D)Mr. Evers begins the school year telling students in his fifth-grade class exactly what to expect in terms of assignments and tests and reminds them how important it is for them to do well on these assessments.

Question 18

Which one of the following alternatives best describes a sense of school community,as educators define the term?

A)A common set of rules shared by classrooms throughout the school building
B)The joining of two or more classes on a daily basis,with the teachers of those classes team-teaching a subject area
C)A shared understanding that teachers and students are all working together to promote learning and achievement
D)A system in which students have increasing involvement in school decision making as they advance through the grade levels

Question 19

One strategy for maintaining a productive classroom environment is to keep students productively engaged at all times. Three of the following practices reflect this strategy. Which one does not?

A)Ms. Aguilar makes sure that all the equipment students need for their science lab is ready for them before they arrive.
B)Mr. Barnard keeps his art lesson moving along at a steady pace.
C)Ms. Cunitz takes time out from her math lesson to help Sam with a difficult concept until he thoroughly understands it.
D)Mr. Dunbar plans several simple activities for his students on their first day of kindergarten.

Question 20

Many students in Ms. Janklow's class seem to have little intrinsic motivation for learning math,science,or social studies. Their minds are more apt to be on peer relationships (who the "popular kids" are,who bullies whom in the schoolyard,etc.)than on their studies. Without knowing anything else about Ms. Janklow's students,your best guess would be that they are:

A)Kindergartners.
B)Second graders.
C)Fourth graders.
D)Seventh graders.

Question 21

In which one of the following situations would it be best to ignore a student's misbehavior?

A)Fritz and Irene are throwing paper airplanes across the room.
B)Jim keeps pulling Jackie's hair while she's trying to work at her desk.
C)Harriet gets up to sharpen her pencil at least once every 10 minutes.
D)Mary asks a classmate to clarify an assignment and then returns to her work.

Question 22

The textbook recommends that when a teacher talks with a student about a chronic pattern of misbehavior,he or she should do so in private rather than in front of classmates. Why?

A)Because students need to know that a teacher will devote as much time to misbehavior as necessary
B)Because the teacher's remarks will be easier for the student to hear clearly
C)Because calling attention to the behavior in front of classmates may be reinforcing
D)Because the behavior may be typical for the student's age-group

Question 23

In which one of the following situations is cueing an appropriate means of dealing with misbehavior in the classroom?

A)When you want to set an "example" from which other students can learn
B)When the behavior is already being punished by a natural consequence
C)When the behavior interferes with learning but is not serious in nature
D)When the misbehaving student has a history of defiance and disobedience

Question 24

Which one of the following is the major advantage of in-school suspension over out-of-school suspension as a consequence for serious and chronic misbehavior?

A)In-school suspension is more convenient and less expensive for the school district.
B)In-school suspension enables a student to keep up with schoolwork.
C)In-school suspension gives teachers and administrators a better chance to explain why the punished behavior is unacceptable.
D)In-school suspension eliminates the need for parents to become involved in school affairs.

Question 25

In three of the following situations,ignoring a student's misbehavior might be the best approach to take. Considering the textbook's discussion of this strategy,in which situation would ignoring not be advisable?

A)Anita has whispered a juicy (and apparently very amusing)piece of gossip to her friend,who in turn is passing it along to two others.
B)Bill breaks a beaker and seems very remorseful that he has done so; he vows to be more careful in the future.
C)Cathy is usually very attentive in class,but today when the teacher asks her a question,it's clear that she hasn't been listening.
D)An entire class is excited about their spring break that starts tomorrow.

Question 26

Which one of the following is the major reason why assigning extra schoolwork is not an appropriate punishment for classroom misbehavior?

A)It gives students the message that classwork is an unpleasant task.
B)It decreases the likelihood that students will do their assignments appropriately.
C)It asks students to perform tasks without the scaffolding they need for completing those tasks successfully.
D)It is negative reinforcement rather than punishment.

Question 27

When we compare beginning teachers with experienced teachers in terms of how they think about student misbehaviors,we find that experienced teachers are more likely to:

A)Depend heavily on extrinsic reinforcers.
B)Consider how to change instruction to avert future problems.
C)Attribute students' behaviors to internal but unstable causes.
D)Plan and implement complex behavior management programs.

Question 28

Which one of the following examples is most consistent with the textbook's definition of a misbehavior?

A)Ashley is chewing gum in art class.
B)Brian is doodling in the margins of his notebook as he takes notes on a lecture.
C)Caroline has forgotten to bring her lunch today and must borrow a dollar from a friend to buy a hot lunch.
D)Duncan is using a rubber band as a slingshot to hit other kids with small paper balls during music class.

Question 29

As the textbook points out,teachers must consider cultural differences when dealing with inappropriate classroom behavior. More specifically,teachers should remember that:

A)Some behaviors they think are inappropriate may be perfectly acceptable in another culture.
B)Many cultures place little value on the importance of education.
C)Students from some minority cultures will actively resist being taught in any language except their native tongue.
D)In most cultures,parents deal severely with children when they misbehave at home.

Question 30

Three of the following are recommended practices when using punishment to reduce an inappropriate behavior. Which one is not recommended?

A)Emphasize that the behavior (rather than the student)is undesirable.
B)Tell students ahead of time which behaviors are unacceptable and will be punished.
C)Explain why a punished behavior is unacceptable.
D)Administer a student's punishment in front of classmates so they learn by example.

Question 31

Three of the following are recommended strategies for getting students' parents involved in their children's education. Which one is not recommended?

A)Visit students' families at home if such visits are welcome.
B)Invite parents to share their unique talents with students.
C)Ask that visits to class be limited to immediate family members.
D)Find people who can interpret for parents who speak little or no English.

Question 32

When Judy becomes verbally aggressive toward her peers,she is placed in a quiet and boring room for five minutes. The procedure being used here is most commonly known as:

A)A logical consequence.
B)In-school suspension.
C)Response cost.
D)Time-out.

Question 33

Mr. Jacobs is speaking privately with Alicia,who has obviously been having trouble paying attention in class over the past two weeks. Three of the following strategies are appropriate things for Mr. Jacobs to do. Which strategy is not recommended for a private conference with a student?

A)Mr. Jacobs should communicate an openness to hearing what Alicia has to say.
B)Mr. Jacobs might explain how he feels hurt that she doesn't find class very interesting.
C)Mr. Jacobs can give Alicia a choice regarding how the problem might best be solved.
D)Mr. Jacobs should remind Alicia that he is ultimately in charge in the classroom.

Question 34

Stanley pokes his pencil point in Sharon's arm. The teacher gives him a stern look,and Stanley quickly puts his pencil back in his desk. The teacher's behavior is an example of:

A)Vicarious punishment.
B)Cueing.
C)Ignoring.
D)Positive behavioral interventions.

Question 35

Three of the following teacher behaviors illustrate cueing as a way of dealing with inappropriate behavior. Which one does not illustrate cueing?

A)Moving closer to a student who may be cheating on an exam
B)Putting a student in time-out after she's insulted a classmate
C)Putting one's finger on one's lips when the class gets too noisy
D)Glaring at a student who is reading a comic book instead of getting to work on an assignment

Question 36

The textbook recommends that teachers coordinate their efforts with people in the community at large. Which one of the following examples most clearly illustrates the spirit of its recommendation?

A)Ms. Argersinger asks students to use their new vocabulary words when they have conversations at home with their parents.
B)Mr. Byers spends one Saturday a month in the local university library keeping up to date on the latest educational research.
C)Ms. Chimenis brings a newspaper article to class that describes recent advances in genetic engineering.
D)Mr. Deyermond consults with a parole officer about how they might work together to keep several at-risk students in school.

Question 37

In Mr. Marshall's fourth-grade class,students who acquire 20 points in one day can have a half hour of free time at the end of the day. Mr. Marshall awards points to his students for good behavior and deducts points when they misbehave. The deduction of points for misbehavior is known as:

A)Time-out.
B)A logical consequence.
C)Response cost.
D)In-school suspension.

Question 38

As a teacher,you are apt to find that the parents of a few of your students will have little involvement in their children's education. Three of the following statements are accurate with regard to such parents. Which statement is not accurate?

A)Inadequate child care may prevent them from getting involved in school activities.
B)They may have had bad experiences at school when they themselves were children.
C)Their lack of involvement usually reflects a lack of interest in their child's academic performance.
D)They may think that they shouldn't bother school personnel with their questions and concerns.

Question 39

Only one of the following consequences has been shown to be an effective and appropriate punishment for most students. Which one?

A)Suspension from school
B)A private scolding
C)Embarrassment in front of classmates
D)Extra homework

Question 40

Three of the following are examples of self-regulation as a means of addressing classroom misbehaviors. Which one is not a good example of self-regulation?

A)A student tries hard to earn the reinforcer his teacher has told him he will get for good behavior.
B)A student reminds herself in a whisper that she should raise her hand before speaking in class.
C)A student thinks,"I paid better attention in class today. I'm going to reward myself by watching television when I get home from school."
D)A student keeps track of the number of times he's gone to the pencil sharpener in a single day.

Question 41

Three of the following strategies are consistent with the textbook's recommendations for talking with parents about a student's misbehavior. Which one is not consistent with the textbook's recommendations?

A)Ask for parents' opinions regarding possible reasons for the misbehavior.
B)Point out that the parents are partly to blame for the misbehavior.
C)Acknowledge that raising children in this day and age is a challenging task.
D)Try to reach an agreement with the parents regarding an appropriate strategy for dealing with the misbehavior.

Question 42

Which one of the following statements most accurately describes aggression and violence in U.S. schools?

A)It has been on the increase over the past decade,especially in urban schools.
B)It has been on the increase over the past decade,especially in rural areas.
C)On average,about 5% of high school students are victims of violent crimes at school each year; this figure has remained constant since 1980.
D)Mild forms of aggression are common at school; violent crime is rare and has declined in recent years.

Question 43

Intervention strategies for students at risk for aggression and violence in the classroom are most effective when they:

A)Do not emphasize the social benefits of prosocial behavior.
B)Include intensive individual counseling and therapy.
C)Are tailored to students' unique characteristics and needs.
D)Focus largely on reinforcement for desirable behaviors,rather than on punishment for undesirable behaviors.

Question 44

Occasionally it is necessary to plan systematic interventions to address serious misbehaviors. Such interventions typically include a variety of strategies. Which one of the following strategies is not typical?

A)Carefully preselect all of the activities in which the student will participate.
B)Change the classroom environment to minimize possible "triggers" of misbehavior.
C)Modify instructional methods to maximize the student's chances of success.
D)Collect ongoing data about the frequency of misbehaviors in order to monitor the intervention's effectiveness.

Question 45

To be most effective,teachers should keep in regular contact with parents about how their children are performing and progressing in the classroom. Describe four different strategies that you might use to open and/or maintain lines of communication with your students' parents.

Question 46

Under which of the following circumstances is a preplanned,systematic intervention often called for as a means of dealing with misbehavior?

A)A student recognizes that there is a problem and wants to change but doesn't know how to go about doing so.
B)The misbehavior is relatively mild in nature.
C)The behavior continues to interfere with a student's classroom performance despite several efforts to curtail it.
D)The student's parents say that the behavior occurs at home as well.

Question 47

David is continually fighting with other children. Devise a plan to eliminate the fighting by using a combination of both reinforcement of incompatible behavior and punishment. In your discussion,be sure to explain:
a. What incompatible behavior(s)you will reinforce
b. What reinforcer you will use,and why
c. What punishment you will use,and why

Question 48

Which one of the following alternatives best describes positive behavioral interventions and supports?

A)Teaching students to monitor their own classroom behavior using a checklist taped to the tops of their desks
B)Meeting regularly with a student in one-on-one discussions of chronic behavior problems,with the goal of bringing about more productive behavior
C)Creating conditions that enable students to meet their needs through appropriate rather than inappropriate behaviors
D)Using only reinforcement-never punishment-to improve students' classroom behavior

Question 49

Three of the following students show warning signs of possible violent behavior. Which one does not?

A)Adam speaks about terrorist groups with obvious affection.
B)Barbara rarely arrives at school before 10:00,despite repeated disciplinary actions by the assistant principal.
C)Cora becomes irate each time a peer unintentionally acts in a way that she perceives as being hostile or harmful.
D)After his girlfriend breaks up with him and begins dating Russell,Daniel asserts,"I'll make that guy sorry he was ever born!"

Question 50

Andy uses foul language in your classroom on a regular basis. Explain how you might use three of the following techniques to decrease the problem behavior:
a. Cueing
b. Self-monitoring
c. Reinforcement of an incompatible behavior
d. Punishment
For each technique,be specific and concrete as to what you might do.

Question 51

It's the first week of class,and you want to start off the school year on the right foot. Describe five different strategies that the textbook recommends for establishing a productive classroom-one in which students are working consistently toward achieving your instructional objectives. Describe each of these strategies in a short paragraph,being specific and concrete as to what you might do.

Question 52

Diane frequently complains of terrible headaches and so ends up at the nurse's office several times a week. Yet two different physicians have been unable to find a cause for Diane's headaches,and Diane's parents report that their daughter rarely has headaches at home. Diane is falling further and further behind in her schoolwork,so her teacher and parents meet with the nurse and school psychologist to brainstorm possible solutions to her problem. The school psychologist suggests that the teacher keep track of the occasions when Diane complains about a headache. Two weeks later,the teacher reports that all of Diane's complaints occur just before a test or difficult assignment. Suddenly the teacher and parents begin to suspect that perhaps Diane complains of headaches as a way of getting out of difficult schoolwork. This situation illustrates an approach known as:

A)The use of incompatible behaviors.
B)Logical consequences.
C)Cognitive behavioral analysis.
D)Functional analysis.

Question 53

Three of the following practices are associated with reduced violence in schools. Which one is not necessarily associated with reduced school violence?

A)Implied (rather than explicitly stated)expectations for behavior
B)Close working relationships with families and community agencies
C)Mechanisms through which students can confidentially report incidents of bullying
D)A challenging and motivating curriculum

Question 54

Three of the following are,in certain cultures,commonly accepted practices for teaching children about acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. Which one of the following is not a common practice in any culture described in the textbook?

A)Insisting on perfect performance beginning when children are very young
B)Socially ostracizing a child for undesirable behavior for an extended time period
C)Saying nothing to a child but telling others how well the child has performed
D)Directly praising a child for exemplary performance

Question 55

Three of the following are common roots of aggression and violence in schools. Which statement is least likely to be a cause of aggression and violence?

A)Defending one's reputation
B)Persistence of concrete operational thinking into adolescence
C)Frustration with lack of academic success
D)Poor perspective-taking skills

Question 56

Some experts recommend a three-level approach to combating school aggression and violence. In three paragraphs,describe each of the three levels and the students for whom they are appropriate.

Question 57

Gang-related activity is increasing at the high school at which you teach. At a faculty meeting,the school principal voices her concern that hostile interactions among members of rival gangs are becoming more frequent. You recall a case study in the textbook that describes how one middle school effectively reduced hostilities among three rival gangs. With the case study in mind,you suggest that the school:

A)Encourage students to set high yet realistic goals for academic achievement.
B)Teach students how to reinforce themselves for prosocial behavior.
C)Develop strategies for enhancing students' self-efficacy with regard to interpersonal relationships.
D)Engage gang members in open,honest discussions with one another about their grievances.

Question 58

Sarah has a habit of talking to herself as she takes tests and completes independent in-class assignments. She talks loudly enough that other students can often hear her answers. Explain how you might use three of the following techniques to reduce this problem behavior:
a. Cueing
b. Self-monitoring
c. Self-reinforcement
d. Shaping
For each technique,be specific and concrete as to what you might do.

Question 59

Mary,a student in your class,has difficulty keeping her attention on classroom activities. Describe four different strategies you might use to help her keep her attention better focused on class. Base your strategies on those presented in the textbook as being effective.