Deck 15: Lipids and Detergents

Question 1

How many isoprene units are present in a diterpene?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) more than 4

Answer 1

4

Question 2

Many times you can predict the functionality in a molecule by its name.With that in mind, what functionality should be present in the sex hormone testosterone?

A) alcohol
B) acid
C) aldehyde
D) ketone
E) ether

Answer 2

ketone

Question 3

Which of the following triglycerides is glyceryl palmitostearoarachidate?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) none of these

Answer 3

I

Question 4

Consider squalene.How many head-to-tail linkages of isoprene units are present in this triterpene?

A) 1
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
E) 8

Question 5

How many ester groups of an oil or fat have to be replaced by phosphatidylamine to produce a phospholipid?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) none have been replaced

Question 6

Prostaglandins are derived from an unsaturated fatty acid containing how many carbon atoms?

A) 12
B) 14
C) 16
D) 18
E) 20

Question 7

The five-carbon isoprene unit is the basic building block of

A) fats.
B) terpenes.
C) oils.
D) detergents.
E) waxes.

Question 8

The correct formula for a fat or oil is

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 9

Which of the following molecules is the monoterpene, myrcene?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 10

Which of the following molecules can be classified as a wax?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 11

All of the following are considered to be lipids except

A) fats.
B) oils.
C) phospholipids.
D) proteins.
E) waxes.

Question 12

Which one of the following structures is glycerol?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 13

Which of the following molecules is isopentenyl pyrophosphate?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 14

Volicitin has three carbon-carbon double bonds and two chiral carbon atoms.What is the configuration about each double bond and what is the absolute configuration at the starred stereogenic carbon?

A) E, E, E, R
B) Z, Z, Z, R
C) E, E, Z, R
D) E, E, E, S
E) Z, Z, Z, S

Question 15

Linolenic acid, below, is a fatty acid that has 18 carbons and three double bonds.What is the geometry around each double bond?

A) all trans
B) all cis
C) two trans, one cis
D) two cis, one trans
E) no geometry

Question 16

To what family of lipids does the following compound belong?

A) fatty acids
B) steroids
C) phospholipids
D) prostaglandins
E) soaps

Question 17

Cholesterol has how many stereogenic centers?

A) 1
B) 4
C) 5
D) 8
E) 13

Question 18

Which of the following fatty acids is unsaturated?

A) palmitic acid
B) lauric acid
C) oleic acid
D) myristic acid
E) stearic acid

Question 19

What structural feature is common to all steroids?

A) all contain an alcohol functionality
B) all contain a ketone functionality
C) all have unsaturation
D) all have the following carbon skeleton
E) all have the following carbon skeleton

Question 20

The isoprene units in menthol are correctly marked with dashed lines in which of the following structures?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 21

Which of the following molecules would be classified as a syndet?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 22

On saponification with sodium hydroxide, which fat or oil will yield two moles of the sodium salt of stearic acid and one mole of the salt of oleic acid?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 23

Salts of long chain fatty acids are called:

A) oils
B) fats
C) glycerol
D) soaps
E) esters

Question 24

Which of the following molecules would be classified as an ordinary soap?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 25

An example of a cationic detergent is

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 26

What reagent will convert an unsaturated glyceride to a saturated glyceride?

A) Zn/H
B) LiNH₂
C) NH₃
D) H₂, Ni
E) NaOBr

Question 27

Which of the following molecules can be classified as an amphoteric detergent?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 28

When unsaturated fatty acids are hydrogenated they become:

A) saturated
B) more unsaturated
C) saponified
D) oils
E) supersaturated

Question 29

The last step in the following isomerization is:

A) protonation at C-3 or C-6.
B) protonation at C-2 or C-7.
C) loss of a proton from C-3 or C-6.
D) loss of a proton from C-2 or C-7.
E) formation of a bond between C-6 and C-2.

Question 30

What type of soap will be produced by the reaction between lauryldimethylamine and methyl iodide?

A) ordinary soap
B) cationic detergent
C) anionic detergent
D) amphoteric detergent
E) a benzene sulfonate

Question 31

What reagent can be used to reduce testosterone to a secondary alcohol?

A) HCl
B) NH₃
C) CH₃CO₃H
D) NaBH₄
E) Ag₂O

Question 32

Which of the following triglycerides affords three moles of the same saturated fatty acid upon saponification followed by protonation?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) II and IV

Question 33

What class of compound is produced when acetic anhydride reacts with cholesterol?

A) amide
B) ester
C) ketone
D) amine
E) ether

Question 34

The first step in the following reaction is:

A) protonation at C-3 or C-6.
B) protonation at C-2 or C-7.
C) loss of a proton from C-3 or C-6.
D) loss of a proton from C-2 or C-7.
E) formation of a bond between C-6 and C-2.

Question 35

Which one of the following molecules is classified as an anionic synthetic detergent?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) IV
E) V

Question 36

Which of the following fatty acids has the lowest melting point?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 37

Which of the following would not make a good detergent?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 38

Compounds that are obtained from the saponification of glycerides are

A) glycerol and glycerides.
B) fatty acid salts and ethylene glycol.
C) glycerol and anionic soaps.
D) ethylene glycol and anionic soaps.
E) glycerol and cationic soaps.

Question 39

What mechanism is involved in the formation of a cationic detergent shown below?

A) S_N1
B) S_N2
C) nucleophilic acyl substitution
D) nucleophilic acyl addition
E) free radical addition

Question 40

Prostaglandin E₂ has how many stereogenic centers?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 41

The main difference between fats and oils is that

A) fats can be hydrogenated more easily than oils.
B) the double bonds are cis in fats and trans in oils.
C) oils contain a higher percentage of unsaturated alkyl chains.
D) fats are found in animals whereas oils are found in plants.
E) oils can be more easily emulsified by soaps.

Question 42

Lipids are substances that are in water and in nonpolar organic solvents.

A) soluble, soluble
B) insoluble, insoluble
C) soluble, insoluble
D) insoluble, soluble
E) slightly soluble, slightly soluble

Question 43

Which of the following fatty acids has the highest melting point?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 44

Which ion(s) are responsible for water being classified as "hard"?

A) Ca⁺²
B) Fe⁺³
C) Mg⁺²
D) all of these
E) none of these