Deck 11: Hypothesis Testing Using the One-Way Analysis of Variance

Question 1

What is the formula for the degrees of freedom between groups?

A)k - 1
B)N - k
C)N - 1
D)N - 2

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is one of the requirements for using a one-way, between-subjects ANOVA?

A)The means of the populations represented are homogeneous.
B)The populations represented have significantly different variances.
C)Each sample represents a normally distributed population of nominal or ordinal scores.
D)The scores in each condition are independent samples.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is not true of the analysis of variance?

A)It is used for experiments with two or more sample means.
B)It determines whether significant differences exist in an experiment involving more than two conditions.
C)It has a higher rate of Type I error than the two-sample t-tests.
D)It is a parametric procedure.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The is defined as the probability of making a Type I error when comparing all pairs of means in an experiment.

A)experiment-wise error rate
B)effect size
C)mean square
D)alpha level

Question 5

An educational psychologist is interested in determining whether attitudes toward school change with age.She
selects 30 seventh­graders, 30 ninth­graders, and 30 eleventh­graders and administers a "Do you like school?" test.
a.How many factors does this experiment have?
b.How many levels are there in the experiment?
c.What is the N in this experiment?

Question 6

The independent variable matches which of the following ANOVA terms?

A)Treatment effect
B)Factor
C)Level
D)Mean square

Question 7

Analysis of variance is designed to compare simultaneously.

A)all sample ranges
B)all sample medians
C)some sample means
D)all sample means

Question 8

An independent variable studied by using related samples in all conditions is called a -subjects factor.

A)independent
B)within
C)dependent
D)between

Question 9

When $H_{0}$ is true, what should $F_{a b t}$ equal?

A)5
B)0
C).05
D)1

Question 10

The term condition matches which of the following ANOVA terms?

A)Factor
B)Mean square
C)Treatment effect
D)Level

Question 11

The variance $S_{X}^{2}$ ) corresponds with which of the following ANOVA terms?

A)Treatment effect
B)Factor
C)Mean square
D)Sum of squares

Question 12

Below is a partially completed ANOVA summary table.What would be the value of F-obtained? $\begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|}\hline \text { Source } & \text { Sum of Squares } & d f & \text { Mean Square } & F \\\hline \text { Between } & 73.18 & 3 & & \\\hline \text { Within } & 82.04 & 15 & & \\\hline \text { Total } & & 18 & & \\\hline\end{array}$

A)4.46
B)5.47
C)24.39
D)155.22

Question 13

Analysis of variance is the most common inferential statistical procedure used to analyze experiments because

A)most researchers are more interested in whether there are differences in the variance among the conditions than in whether there are differences in the means.
B)it is the only statistical procedure that can test either between-subjects factors or within-subjects factors.
C)there are several different versions of it, and so it can test for possible treatment effects more accurately than the two-sample tests.
D)there are several different versions of it, and so it can be used with many different designs.

Question 14

Post hoc comparisons are used

A)prior to the calculation of $F_{o b t}$ to determine if an ANOVA is necessary.
B)after $F_{o b t}$ is found to be significant.
C)when we plan on comparing only certain specified pairs of sample means with each other.
D)after $F_{o b t}$ is found to be nonsignificant.

Question 15

To find eta squared, we must calculate

A)sum of squares between divided by sum of squares total.
B)sum of squares between divided by sum of squares within.
C)sum of squares within divided by sum of squares total.
D)sum of squares within divided by mean square within.

Question 16

The sum of squares divided by the degrees of freedom yields the

A)mean square.
B)F-ratio.
C)Tukey's HSD.
D)effect size.

Question 17

The experiment-wise error rate pertains to the probability of making a error when comparing of the means in an experiment.

A)Type I; all
B)Type I; some
C)Type II; all
D)Type II; some

Question 18

In ANOVA, an independent variable studied using independent samples in all conditions is called a _______________ - subjects factor.

A)between
B)within
C)independent
D)dependent

Question 19

When Tukey's HSD test is used, two means are significantly different if the absolute difference between them is

A)equal to the HSD.
B)greater than the HSD.
C)zero.
D)less than the HSD.

Question 20

Post hoc comparisons are used in one-way ANOVA to compare all the possible

A)pairs of sample variances from different levels of a factor to determine which are significantly different from each other.
B)pairs of sample means from different levels of a factor to determine which are significantly different from each other.
C)variances to each other.
D)pairs of sample means from different factors to determine whether they are significantly different from each other.

Question 21

State the three basic requirements for doing a one-way between-subjects ANOVA.

Question 22

If = 19, = 24, = 8, and = 10 and = 5, = 6, = 8, and = 5, what is
?

Question 23

Suppose you perform an ANOVA on 18 subjects divided evenly into three groups according to age.Reading speed is measured and averaged for each of the three groups.The reading speed for the Young Group is 10; for the Middle Group, 12; and for the Older Group, 13.Your is 9.15.Use = .05
a.What are your degrees of freedom?
b.What is the appropriate ?
c.What should you conclude?

Question 24

For Joan's doctoral dissertation experiment, 15 wheelchair users were assigned to three groups with 5 in each group.These participants navigated in virtual-reality settings.Group 1 participants were in the virtual-reality setting a building) as wheelchair users.Group 2 participants were in the virtual-reality setting in a wheelchair pushed by a walking person.Group 3 participants walked without aid in the virtual-reality setting.Joan measured the number the time needed to complete the navigation of the virtual-reality setting.
a.What is the dependent variable?
b.What is the independent variables?
c.How many levels are there?
d.What is the N?

Question 25

Dr.Thompson has completed an experiment where he noted subject reactions to either viewing a funny movie n =
45), a serious movie n = 42), or no movie at all n = 47).State the degrees of freedom between, within, and total.

Question 26

What is the mean of an F-distribution?

Question 27

Corey is researching the effect of memory-enhancing, memory-impairing, and memory-neutral drugs on the ability of rats to run a maze.He has a total of 45 rats available for his study.He assigns an equal number of rats to each treatment condition.If he calculates his = 60, = 40, and = 45.
a.What is N?
b.What is n?
c.What is ?
d.What is ?
e.What is ?

Question 28

An experimenter studies the effect of type of music during practice on recall of word lists using rock background music for 10 subjects, classical music for 16 others, rap music for 12, and country/western for another 15.
a.How many factors does this experiment have?
b.How many levels are there in the experiment?
c.What is the N in this experiment?

Question 29

Professor Johnston conducted an experiment where subjects either drank 5, 3, or 0 cups of coffee and then measured their alertness.The first two conditions had 55 subjects but the control condition had 51 subjects.Professor Johnston obtained a significant ANOVA.Is he now justified in using a Tukey's HSD test?

Question 30

Research into the social behavior of senior citizens living in different settings has resulted in the following data.Within each residential setting type, 6 seniors were studied to see how many days each week they left their home.
a.Complete the following source table:
b.Use = .05.What is the ?
c.What should you conclude?

Question 31

Suppose you're reading a result in a journal article that reports, F3, 13) = 4.19, p <.05.What do each of these values mean?

Question 32

A study of the effect of IQ on musical ability involved three levels of IQ-below average, average, and above average.A total of 36 participants were involved.Of the 36 participants, 8 were determined to have below average intelligence, 18 were of average intelligence, and 10 were of above average intelligence.
a.What is ?
b.What is ?
c What is ?

Question 33

Three new behavior modification techniques are being tried on children with special needs..
a.Complete the following source table:
b.Use = .05.What is the ?
c.What should you conclude?

Question 34

A researcher investigated whether the noise level in a room influenced productivity.For this experiment, = 3 and = 20.What is ? Use = 0.05.