Deck 13: Leadership Styles and Behaviours

Question 1

In the leader-member exchange theory,the _______ dyad is marked by the frequent exchange of information,influence,latitude,support,and attention.

A)role taking
B)low-quality exchange
C)intrinsic
D)high-quality exchange
E)extrinsic

Answer 1

D

Question 2

All of the following are objective evaluations of unit performance that leaders can be judged by,except?

A)Profit margins
B)Attitude
C)Market share
D)Return on investment
E)Quality

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Two general types of leader-member dyads,according to the leader-member exchange theory,are:

A)role taking and role selling
B)high-quality exchange and low-quality exchange
C)intrinsic and extrinsic
D)role making and role selling
E)member dyad and leader dyad

Answer 3

B

Question 4

During which phase of the leader-member exchange theory does a manager describe role expectations to an employee,and the employee attempts to fulfill those expectations with his/her job behaviours?

A)role taking
B)role selling
C)participating
D)role making
E)readiness role

Question 5

All of these traits/characteristics are linked to leader emergence,except?

A)Low agreeableness
B)High general cognitive ability
C)High extraversion
D)Low neuroticism
E)High openness to experience

Question 6

Recent meta-analyses have found that employees with higher-quality exchange relationships have:

A)higher levels of job performance and exhibit more organizational citizenship behaviours
B)lower levels of job performance and job commitment
C)higher levels of job performance and greater absenteeism
D)a greater number of grievances and lower productivity
E)higher productivity but lower quality workmanship

Question 7

During the _______ phase of the leader-member exchange theory,the employee's own expectations for the dyad get mixed in with those of the leader.

A)role taking
B)role selling
C)participating
D)role making
E)readiness role

Question 8

In the leader-member exchange theory,the low-quality exchange dyad forms the leader's:

A)outgroup
B)emergence
C)ingroup
D)readiness
E)time-driven style

Question 9

Which of the following would be classified as the highest leader control decision-making style?

A)Consultative
B)Autocratic
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 10

Which of the following traits/characteristics is linked to leader effectiveness?

A)Low agreeableness
B)High conscientiousness
C)High introversion
D)Low neuroticism
E)High openness to experience

Question 11

The degree to which the leader's actions result in the achievement of the unit's goals,the continued commitment of the unit's employees,and the development of mutual trust,respect,and obligation in leader-member dyads refers to:

A)outgroup readiness
B)leader effectiveness
C)ingroup readiness
D)life cycle theory of leadership
E)management-by exception

Question 12

According to research,traits are more predictive of:

A)leader-member exchange
B)leader effectiveness
C)leader emergence
D)leadership life cycle
E)leader lifestyle

Question 13

Which of the following would be classified as the highest follower control decision-making style?

A)Consultative
B)Autocratic
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 14

All of these traits/characteristics are linked to leader effectiveness,except?

A)High conscientiousness
B)High general cognitive ability
C)High extraversion
D)High stress tolerance
E)High openness to experience

Question 15

_______ refers to the notion of who becomes a leader rather than how well people do in a leadership role.

A)Leader-member exchange
B)Leader effectiveness
C)Leader emergence
D)Leader substitutes
E)Follower preference

Question 16

All of the following indices can be useful in judging a leader's effectiveness,except?

A)Retention of talented employees
B)Absenteeism
C)Costs in relation to budgeted expenditures
D)Requests for transfer
E)Grievances filed

Question 17

As a manager,Ron has always made all of the decisions necessary for his department independently.Ron can be described as having which of these decision-making styles?

A)Consultative
B)Autocratic
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 18

Which of the following refers to how well people actually perform in a leadership role?

A)Leader performance
B)Leader effectiveness
C)Leader emergence
D)Leader perceptions
E)Leader advancement

Question 19

Which theories of leadership suggested that leaders are born,not made?

A)Leader-member exchange theories
B)Ohio State Studies of Leadership
C)Transformational theories of leadership
D)Life cycle theory of leadership
E)Great person theories of leadership

Question 20

Which of the following is not a leader decision-making style that is discussed in the chapter?

A)Consultative
B)Autocratic
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 21

Binetta can be described as having which of the following decision-making styles?

A)Consultative
B)Autocratic
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 22

According to one recent study,employees spend,on average,_______ hours a week in scheduled meetings and that time spent on meeting was _______ to job satisfaction when employees didn't depend on others in their jobs,were focused on their own task accomplishments,and felt that meetings were run ineffectively.

A)11;positively related
B)6;negatively related
C)2-3;moderately positively related
D)17.5;neutral in relation
E)12-15;negatively related

Question 23

According to research,managers tend to choose the style recommended by the time-driven model of leadership around _______ percent of the time.

A)66
B)25
C)12
D)31
E)40

Question 24

In the time-driven model of leadership,which style is reserved for decisions that are insignificant or where employee commitment is unimportant?

A)Consultative
B)Autocratic
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 25

Zach is a quality control manager at Fresh Mints Ltd.Any time a problem arises,and a decision needs to be made,he believes in involving his staff.Zach would present the problem to his employees and seek consensus on a solution.He has made it clear to his staff that his opinion or suggestions carry no more weight than others.Zach can be described as having which of the following decision-making styles?

A)Consultative
B)Autocratic
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 26

According to research studies,allowing employees to participate in decision-making:

A)increases their job satisfaction
B)has a moderately negative effect on their job satisfaction
C)has no impact on their job satisfaction
D)decreases their job satisfaction
E)creates resentment among those in higher-level positions

Question 27

In which style of decision-making does the leader remain neutral in deliberations,unless asked to contribute?

A)Consultative
B)Autocratic
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 28

Bianca can be described as having which of the following decision-making styles?

A)Consultative
B)Autocratic
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 29

Which the following factors is included in the time-driven model of leadership?

A)Intellectual stimulation
B)Shared objectives
C)Idealized influence
D)Individual personality
E)Contingent reward

Question 30

Samantha is the department manager at Trak-Pak Clothing,Inc.Every time a problem emerges,Samantha schedules a department meeting and presents the problem to her team.She gathers their opinions,takes recommendations,and then with all the information,she makes the final decision.She feels this is the best way to make decisions.Samantha can be described as having which of these decision-making styles?

A)Consultative
B)Autocratic
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 31

In the time-driven model of leadership,which style is reserved for circumstances in which the decision is significant,employees have strong teamwork skills and relevant expertise,and employees aren't likely to just commit to whatever decision the leader makes?

A)Consultative
B)Autocratic
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 32

According to research,managers tend to choose the style recommended by the time-driven model of leadership approximately _______ percent of the time.

A)66
B)25
C)12
D)31
E)40

Question 33

Amandeep can be described as having which of the following decision-making styles?

A)Consultative
B)Autocratic
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 34

Dawn can be described as having which of the following decision-making styles?

A)Consultative
B)Autocratic
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 35

With a(n)_______ decision-making style,the leader gives an individual employee,or a group of employees,the responsibility for making the decision within some set of specified boundary conditions.

A)consultative
B)autocratic
C)delegative
D)facilitative
E)negotiative

Question 36

In the time-driven model of leadership,which leadership style should result in an accurate decision that makes the most efficient use of employees' time?

A)Consultative
B)Negotiative
C)Delegative
D)Autocratic
E)Facilitative

Question 37

All of the following factors are included in the time-driven model of leadership,except?

A)Importance of commitment
B)Shared objectives
C)Decision significance
D)Teamwork skills
E)Contingent reward

Question 38

In the time-driven model of leadership,which leadership style seems to be overused by managers?

A)Autocratic
B)Consultative
C)Delegative
D)Facilitative
E)Negotiative

Question 39

With a _______ decision making style,employees do 'have a say' in the process but the ultimate authority still rests with the leader.

A)delegative
B)negotiative
C)consultative
D)facilitative
E)normative

Question 40

Whether it is important that employees 'buy in' to the decisions or not is associated with which of the following concepts?

A)Importance of commitment
B)Shared objectives
C)Likelihood of commitment
D)Employee expertise
E)Teamwork skills

Question 41

According to the life cycle theory of leadership,an able and willing employee is at which level of readiness?

A)R1
B)R2
C)R3
D)R4
E)R5

Question 42

Which of the following concepts reflects the extent to which the leader defines and structures the roles of individual employees in pursuit of goal attainment?

A)Initiating structure
B)Selling style
C)Consideration structure
D)Delegating structure
E)Transformational structure

Question 43

Defining and structuring work,clarifying leader versus member roles,and coordinating employee tasks describe which of these initiating structure behaviours?

A)Initiation
B)Production
C)Recognition
D)Organization
E)Membership

Question 44

In the time-driven model of leadership,_____ and _____ leadership styles seem to be underutilized by managers.

A)negotiative;facilitative
B)autocratic;facilitative
C)delegative;autocratic
D)facilitative;delegative
E)negotiative;autocratic

Question 45

Socializing with employees,stressing informal interactions,and exchanging personal services describe which of the following consideration behaviours?

A)Integration
B)Representation
C)Recognition
D)Communication
E)Membership

Question 46

Which of the following reflects the extent to which leaders create job relationships characterized by mutual trust,respect for employee ideas,and thoughtfulness of employee feelings?

A)Transformation
B)Delegating
C)Consideration
D)Participating
E)Initiating structure

Question 47

Linda has a deep concern for the welfare of her employees and she has established strong,two-way communication with them.Linda can be described as a manager high on which of the following?

A)Telling
B)Autocratic style
C)Consideration
D)Selling
E)Initiating structure

Question 48

_______ is broadly defined as the degree to which employees have the ability and the willingness to accomplish their specific tasks.

A)Idealized influence
B)Management by exception
C)Individualized consideration
D)Readiness
E)Initiating structure

Question 49

Acting on behalf of the group,defending the group,and advancing the interests of the group describe which of the following consideration behaviours?

A)Integration
B)Representation
C)Recognition
D)Communication
E)Membership

Question 50

Encouraging a pleasant atmosphere,reducing conflict,and promoting individual adjustment to the group describe which of the following consideration behaviours?

A)Integration
B)Representation
C)Recognition
D)Communication
E)Membership

Question 51

All of the following behaviours,according to the studies at Ohio State,are consideration behaviours,except?

A)Representation
B)Integration
C)Recognition
D)Organization
E)Membership

Question 52

Originating,facilitating,and sometimes resisting new ideas and practices describe which of the following initiating structure behaviours?

A)Initiation
B)Production
C)Recognition
D)Organization
E)Membership

Question 53

According to the studies at Ohio State in the 1950s,the two leader behaviour dimensions identified were

A)initiating structure and consideration
B)telling and selling
C)participating and delegating
D)intrinsic and extrinsic
E)transformational and transactional

Question 54

Expressing approval or disapproval of the behaviours of employees describes which of the following consideration behaviours?

A)Integration
B)Representation
C)Recognition
D)Communication
E)Membership

Question 55

Which theory is also referred to as the situational model of leadership?

A)Transformational leadership theory
B)Autocratic leadership style
C)Life Cycle Theory of Leadership
D)Time-Driven Model of Leadership
E)Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory

Question 56

Ellen,as a manager,has always been driven by scheduling,directing group activities,planning,and trying out new ideas.For her,meeting deadlines is critical,and she always gives explicit standards of performance.Ellen can be described as high on which of the following dimensions?

A)Transformation
B)Delegating
C)Consideration
D)Participating
E)Initiating structure

Question 57

Setting goals and providing incentives for the effort and productivity of employees describe which of these initiating structure behaviours?

A)Initiation
B)Production
C)Recognition
D)Organization
E)Membership

Question 58

According to the life cycle theory of leadership,an unable and unwilling employee is at which level of readiness?

A)R1
B)R2
C)R3
D)R4
E)R5

Question 59

According to the life cycle theory of leadership,an employee at R3 readiness level can be described as which of the following?

A)Able and willing
B)Unable and unwilling
C)Able but unwilling
D)Unable but willing
E)Unable but willing at R1

Question 60

According to the life cycle theory of leadership,an employee at R2 readiness level can be described as which of the following?

A)Able and willing
B)Unable and unwilling
C)Able but unwilling
D)Unable but willing
E)Able but unwilling at R1

Question 61

According to the life cycle theory of leadership,'telling' leader behaviour comprises _______ initiating structure and _______ consideration.

A)high;low
B)low;high
C)low;low
D)high;high
E)moderate;moderate

Question 62

All of the are transactional leadership styles,except?

A)Passive management-by-exception
B)Contingent reward transactional
C)Laissez-faire
D)Active management-by-exception
E)Management-by-exception

Question 63

In _______ leader behaviour,according to the life cycle theory of leadership,the leader provides specific instructions and closely supervises performance.The guidance and direction from the leader are necessary in the absence of employee ability,motivation,or confidence.

A)delegating
B)telling
C)selling
D)participating
E)negotiating

Question 64

According to the life cycle theory of leadership,an employee at R1 readiness level can optimally be matched with which of the following leader behaviours?

A)Delegating
B)Telling
C)Selling
D)Participating
E)Negotiating

Question 65

Leaders who are high on _____ create a climate of good rapport,do personal favours for employees,take time to listen to their problems,and treat them as equals.

A)task orientation
B)authoritarianism
C)consideration
D)emotional detachment
E)initiating structure

Question 66

Josh's optimal behaviour per Quinton's readiness should be which of the following?

A)Delegating
B)Telling
C)Selling
D)Participating
E)Negotiating

Question 67

According to the life cycle theory of leadership,an employee at R3 readiness level can optimally be matched with which of the following leader behaviours?

A)Delegating
B)Telling
C)Selling
D)Participating
E)Negotiating

Question 68

Providing information to employees,seeking information from them,and showing an awareness of matters that affect them describes which of the following consideration behaviours?

A)Integration
B)Communication
C)Recognition
D)Representation
E)Membership

Question 69

In _______ leader behaviour,according to the life cycle theory of leadership,the leader turns responsibility for key behaviours over to the employees.

A)delegating
B)telling
C)selling
D)participating
E)negotiating

Question 70

Josh's optimal behaviour per Rafael's readiness should comprise of _______ initiating structure and _______ consideration.

A)high;low
B)low;high
C)low;low
D)high;high
E)moderate;moderate

Question 71

Josh's optimal behaviour per Paul's readiness should be which of these?

A)Delegating
B)Telling
C)Selling
D)Participating
E)Negotiating

Question 72

Shawn can be described at which readiness level?

A)R1
B)R2
C)R3
D)R4
E)R5

Question 73

According to the life cycle theory of leadership,'selling' leader behaviour comprises _______ initiating structure and _______ consideration.

A)high;low
B)low;high
C)low;low
D)high;high
E)moderate;moderate

Question 74

In _______ leader behaviour,according to the life cycle theory of leadership,the leader shares ideas and tries to help conduct its affairs.Instead of guidance,the leader offers some combination of collaborating and facilitating to support employees.

A)delegating
B)telling
C)selling
D)participating
E)negotiating

Question 75

In _______ leader behaviour,according to the life cycle theory of leadership,the leader explains key issues and provides opportunities for clarification.Some guidance and direction is needed due to lack of employee ability,but the increased explanation and persuasion can help foster the emerging motivation and confidence.

A)delegating
B)telling
C)selling
D)participating
E)negotiating

Question 76

According to the life cycle theory of leadership,'delegating' leader behaviour comprises _______ initiating structure and _______ consideration.

A)high;low
B)low;high
C)low;low
D)high;high
E)moderate;moderate

Question 77

According to the life cycle theory of leadership,'participating' leader behaviour comprises _______ initiating structure and _______ consideration.

A)high;low
B)low;high
C)low;low
D)high;high
E)moderate;moderate

Question 78

According to the life cycle theory of leadership,an employee at R4 readiness level can optimally be matched with which of the following leader behaviours?

A)Delegating
B)Telling
C)Selling
D)Participating
E)Negotiating

Question 79

Josh's optimal behaviour per Shawn's readiness should be which of the following?

A)Delegating
B)Telling
C)Selling
D)Participating
E)Negotiating

Question 80

According to the life cycle theory of leadership,an employee at R2 readiness level can optimally be matched with which of the following leader behaviours?

A)Delegating
B)Telling
C)Selling
D)Participating
E)Negotiating