Deck 6: Infection Control Fundamentals

Question 1

Which item on the diagram of the cycle of infection is the method by which a pathogen can enter a new host?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The body's ability to resist pathogens and disease is called ____.

A) immunity
B) fomite
C) ergonomics
D) infectiousness
E) exogenous infection

Answer 2

immunity

Question 3

Which type of infection is caused when a healthcare worker transfers staph bacteria from his hands to a surgical site?

A) Endogenous infection
B) Opportunistic infection
C) Healthcare-associated infection
D) Exogenous infection
E) Susceptible host

Answer 3

Exogenous infection

Question 4

Which item on the diagram of the cycle of infection is the reservoir host?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 5

How is a congenital infection contracted?

A) Ingested
B) Present at the time of birth
C) Inhaled
D) Transmitted by touch
E) Vector-borne

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of direct transmission of a pathogen?

A) Vectors
B) Contact with the blood of an infected person
C) Contact with fomites
D) Contaminated food or drink
E) Contact with a contaminated surface

Question 7

What factors of host susceptibility are related to the pathogen?

A) Point of entry
B) Genetics
C) Stress
D) General health
E) Hygiene habits

Question 8

Which item on the diagram of the cycle of infection is the method by which a pathogen spreads to another host?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 9

An individual into whom a pathogen has been transmitted and who has little or no immunity to infection by that organism is a ____.

A) reservoir host
B) carrier
C) susceptible host
D) vector
E) fomite

Question 10

Which type of disease is spread by airborne transmission?

A) Syphilis
B) Escherichia coli bacteria
C) Influenza
D) Rubella
E) Malaria

Question 11

Factors related to the host's susceptibility to infection are ____.

A) age and nutritional status
B) the number and concentration of pathogens
C) living conditions of the host
D) exposure to hazardous substances
E) the virulence of the pathogen

Question 12

What type of infection is caused by a microorganism that is normally beneficial or harmless to humans?

A) Endogenous infection
B) Opportunistic infection
C) Healthcare-associated infection
D) Exogenous infection
E) Susceptible host

Question 13

The condition in which pathogens are absent or controlled is ____.

A) immunity
B) normal flora
C) a subclinical case
D) endogenous infection
E) asepsis

Question 14

Which item on the diagram of the cycle of infection is the means of exit for the pathogen to leave the reservoir?

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 15

A reservoir host who is unaware of the presence of the pathogen and so spreads the disease is a ____.

A) vector
B) carrier
C) fomite
D) pathogen
E) susceptible host

Question 16

Unpasteurized milk from an infected cow is an example of a(n) ____ factor in the transmission of disease.

A) susceptibility
B) immunity
C) endogenous
D) reservoir
E) environmental

Question 17

A medical assistant can help break the cycle of infection in the office by ____.

A) eating a well-balanced diet
B) posting a sign that no patients with colds are allowed
C) maintaining strict housekeeping standards
D) administering antibiotics to all patients
E) placing a sharps container in the reception area

Question 18

A living organism that carries microorganisms from an infected person to another person is called a(n) ____.

A) fomite
B) vector
C) antigen
D) microphage
E) macrophage

Question 19

The infection cycle begins when a pathogen is established in the _________.

A) means of entrance
B) reservoir host
C) susceptible host
D) means of transmission
E) means of exit

Question 20

Respiratory diseases such as tuberculosis are often transmitted by ____.

A) bloodborne transmission
B) foodborne transmission
C) airborne transmission
D) vector-borne transmission
E) fomite transmission

Question 21

The appropriate way to handle and dispose of contaminated sharps is to ____.

A) place used sharps in a rigid, leakproof, puncture-resistant biohazardous waste container
B) recap used sharps
C) keep disposable and reusable sharps in the same container
D) wash off sharps with soap and water
E) bend used sharps so that they cannot be reused

Question 22

The most important aseptic procedure for a medical assistant is ____.

A) proper hand hygiene
B) stocking the office with housekeeping equipment
C) dusting the furniture in the waiting room
D) periodically vacuuming and sweeping the floors
E) providing tissues to patients with colds

Question 23

According to OSHA, Category I tasks

A) do not involve risk of exposure.
B) involve tasks such as taking a patient's blood pressure.
C) do not require any special precautions.
D) involve tasks such as giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
E) expose a worker to blood, body fluids, or tissues.

Question 24

The appropriate gloves to use when cleaning up a spill in the work environment are ____.

A) single-use disposable gloves
B) examination gloves
C) sterile gloves
D) utility gloves
E) breathable cotton gloves

Question 25

Red bags or bags that have a biohazardous waste label are used for ____.

A) chemicals used in the medical office
B) used lancets and needles
C) broken glassware
D) dressings contaminated with blood or body fluids
E) shredded medical documents

Question 26

An OSHA violation that was committed intentionally and resulted in a patient's death carries which of the following penalties?

A) Discretionary fine of up to $7,000
B) Fine of up to $70,000 and/or up to 6 months' imprisonment
C) Mandatory fine of up to $7,000
D) Fine of $3,300 for each day the violation was committed
E) Fine of up to $33,000

Question 27

Principles of ____ must be applied to break the cycle of infection.

A) work practice
B) sterility
C) sepsis
D) asepsis
E) disinfection

Question 28

An employer is required to offer a medical worker the HBV vaccination within ____ days of starting employment.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 30
D) 60
E) 90

Question 29

Aseptic hand washing includes ____.

A) turning the faucets on and off with wet hands
B) adjusting the temperature of the water to cool
C) using bar soap
D) keeping your hands lower than your forearms
E) turning the water off before drying your hands

Question 30

When a person develops food poisoning after eating at a restaurant salad bar, the most likely form of transmission is ____.

A) bloodborne
B) animal-borne
C) foodborne
D) vector-borne
E) airborne

Question 31

Which guideline is vital when handling hazardous waste?

A) Push intact contaminated needles into the biohazardous waste container for sharps
B) Break off or recap needles after use
C) Open, empty, and clean reusable sharps containers by hand
D) Place a biohazardous container in a secondary container when there is a danger of puncturing the primary container
E) Keep biohazardous waste containers open at all times

Question 32

According to OSHA, Category III tasks

A) do not require any precautions other than hand hygiene.
B) involve tasks such as assisting with minor surgical procedures.
C) involve risk of exposure to bodily fluids.
D) involve tasks such as giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
E) expose a worker to blood, body fluids, or tissues.

Question 33

When an exposure incident occurs, the employee ____.

A) should go to a physician and pay for a medical evaluation
B) should be tested for HBV and receive the vaccination if necessary
C) should avoid telling the employer about her carelessness
D) has no right to refuse medical evaluation and treatment
E) should request a transfer to a less hazardous facility

Question 34

Max came home with an itchy red rash. When his mother took him to the pediatrician, she determined that Max had chickenpox. The pediatrician asked if other children at his daycare also have chickenpox, because this is a(n) ____.

A) endogenous infection
B) bacterial infection
C) incurable infection
D) exogenous infection
E) healthcare-associated infection

Question 35

All biohazardous waste containers must have which type of label attached.

A) Green
B) Yellow
C) Orange-red
D) Blue
E) Purple

Question 36

Which of the following is the appropriate way to handle potentially infectious laundry waste?

A) Wash potentially infectious laundry with all other laundry from the office
B) Wash potentially infectious laundry separately from other laundry
C) Place potentially infectious laundry in a red laundry bag marked with a biohazard symbol
D) Take potentially infectious office laundry home to wash
E) Place potentially infectious laundry in biohazardous waste containers to be disposed of

Question 37

Which of the following are considered aseptic precautions?

A) Not using tissues when coughing
B) Wearing gloves and a mask when working with a patient if you have a cold
C) Taking a fever medication before going to work if you have a fever
D) Leaning against the sink when washing your hands
E) Using nail polish to protect your fingernails

Question 38

The penalty for failure to correct a prior OSHA violation is a ____.

A) discretionary fine of up to $7,000
B) fine of up to $70,000 and/or up to 6 months' imprisonment
C) mandatory fine of up to $7,000
D) fine of $7,000 for each day the violation continues past the date it was supposed to stop
E) fine of up to $33,000

Question 39

The penalty for an OSHA violation when there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result and when the employer knew, or should have known, of the hazard, is____.

A) a possibility of a $3,300 fine
B) a mandatory fine of up to $7,000
C) immediate dismissal of the employee who caused the violation
D) a fine of $33,000.00
E) up to 6 months' imprisonment

Question 40

The OSHA Standard Precautions apply to which of the following?

A) Intact skin
B) Sweat
C) Human hair
D) Fingernails and toenails
E) Blood

Question 41

________ prevent healthcare workers from exposing themselves and others to infections.

Question 42

A(n) ________ case is a manifestation of an infection that is so slight that it is unnoticeable.

Question 43

In medical settings, where many people are hosts to pathogens and many others are susceptible, using medical ________ can break the cycle by preventing the transmission of pathogens.

Question 44

When a hazard occurs that is not addressed specifically by an OSHA standard, ____.

A) OSHA quickly writes a new standard to protect employee safety.
B) the employer must use the guidelines from the most applicable existing standard.
C) the employees are not protected from this hazard.
D) the employer has a duty to inform OSHA so that a standard can be created.
E) the general duty clause takes effect.

Question 45

A person who has little or no immunity to infection by an organism is called a(n) ________ host.

Question 46

Following ________ means assuming that all blood and body fluids are infected with bloodborne pathogens.

Question 47

Any inanimate object that can be contaminated by an infected person and then transmit the infective agent to a susceptible host is considered a(n) ________.

Question 48

When a normally beneficial microorganism becomes pathogenic, the infection that develops is a(n) ________ infection.

Question 49

A non-serious OSHA violation results in a ____.

A) discretionary fine of up to $7,000
B) fine of up to $70,000 and/or up to 6 months' imprisonment
C) mandatory fine of up to $7,000
D) fine of $7,700 for each day the violation continues past the date it was supposed to stop
E) fine of up to $33,000

Question 50

Fleas, ticks, and mosquitoes are ________ that often carry organisms responsible for disease.

Question 51

Many pathogens require a(n) ________ to provide nutrition and a place to multiply. This can be an animal, insect, or human whose body is capable of sustaining the growth of a pathogen.

Question 52

Which of the following is not required by the OSHA Hazard Communication?

A) Containers used to store items possibly contaminated with bloodborne pathogens must be clearly marked with a biohazard symbol
B) Employees must receive training about workplace hazards
C) Containers used to store nonhazardous waste must be clearly marked
D) Employees must have access to information about workplace hazards
E) Employees must be instructed in measures they can take to protect themselves against harm from hazardous substances

Question 53

A reservoir host who is unaware of the presence of the pathogen, exhibits no symptoms of the infection, and spreads the disease is called a(n) ________.

Question 54

A microorganisms strength or disease-producing power is called ________.

Question 55

Which of the following is the appropriate OSHA precaution for administering medicated nose drops to a patient?

A) Wear disposable sterile gloves
B) Wear gloves and a mask
C) Wear protective eyewear and gloves
D) Wear a disposable gown and protective eyewear
E) Wash hands before and after the procedure

Question 56

Hospitals now use ________, which are a combination of Universal Precautions and Body Substance Isolation (BSI) guidelines.

Question 57

________ is any type of protective gear worn to guard against physical hazards and must be provided by the employer at no charge to the employee.

Question 58

A living organism that carries microorganisms from an infected person to another person is known as a(n) ________.

Question 59

The federal administration that was created in 1970 to help protect employee safety in the workplace is ____.

A) OSHA.
B) CDC.
C) AMA.
D) CLIA.
E) MSDS.

Question 60

Laws set forth in the OSHA ________ Pathogens Standard of 1991 dictate how you must handle infectious or potentially infectious waste generated during medical or surgical procedures.

Question 61

Proper _________ includes covering coughs with a tissue and proper disposal of the tissue.

Question 62

All containers used to store waste products, blood, blood products, or other specimens that may be contaminated with bloodborne pathogens must be clearly marked with a bright orange-red ________ symbol.

Question 63

Which of the following organizations recommends that healthcare workers not wear artificial nails or extensions when working with any patient?

A) OSHA
B) CDC
C) HIPAA
D) WHO
E) ADA

Question 64

Hand sanitizer rubs have up to ________% alcohol content.

A) 50
B) 40
C) 95
D) 85
E) 60

Question 65

Droplets from coughs or sneezes can carry up to _____ feet.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 66

OSHA's ________ clause requires employers to maintain a workplace free from hazards that are recognized as likely to cause death or serious injury.

Question 67

OSHA standards include all of the following except ____________.

A) bloodborne pathogens
B) standard precautions
C) transmission-based precautions
D) accommodations for the disabled
E) education and training

Question 68

Performing mouth-to-mouth resuscitation is a Category I task, and OSHA recommends the use of _________ airway equipment, in addition to wearing gloves.

Question 69

________ are used in healthcare facilities for the care of all patients and are an important measure for preventing the transmission of disease in the healthcare setting.

Question 70

Which organization has made specific recommendations to healthcare employers on needlestick prevention programs for their employees?

A) CDC
B) OSHA
C) ADA
D) WHO
E) NIOSH

Question 71

Transmission-based precautions are guidelines that supplement __________________.

Question 72

In what year was the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act signed into law?

A) 1999
B) 2000
C) 2001
D) 2003
E) 2005

Question 73

The goal of OSHA's final rule on Hazard Communication is to transition from workers' "right to know" to the workers' "right to ________."

Question 74

Controlling injuries by altering the way a task is performed is known as _________________.