Deck 23: The Skeletal System

Question 1

The most important nutrient for bone growth is ____.

A) vitamin C
B) vitamin B
C) vitamin E
D) protein
E) calcium

Answer 1

calcium

Question 2

Fontanels are ____.

A) holes in a baby's skull, covered only by skin
B) the bones of the back of the head
C) structured to allow expansion of the adult skull
D) tough membranes that connect incompletely developed bones
E) two bumps on either side of the foramen magnum

Answer 2

tough membranes that connect incompletely developed bones

Question 3

What lines the holes of spongy bones?

A) Epiphysis
B) Medullary cavity
C) Endosteum
D) Periosteum
E) Red bone marrow

Answer 3

Red bone marrow

Question 4

The occipital bone is an example of which type of bone?

A) Long
B) Short
C) Flat
D) Irregular
E) Sesamoid

Question 5

When you turn your head, ____.

A) all cervical vertebrae pivot on one another
B) the 7th cervical vertebra pivots on the 1st thoracic vertebra
C) the atlas pivots around the axis
D) all cervical vertebrae move as one unit
E) the cervical vertebrae are compressed against each other

Question 6

In order to maintain healthy dense bones, what advice would be given to patients?

A) Jog for at least one hour every day
B) Stop smoking
C) Eat a low-fat diet
D) Drink one glass of red wine daily
E) Avoid too much sun exposure

Question 7

What type of bones are vertebrae?

A) Long
B) Short
C) Flat
D) Irregular
E) Sesamoid

Question 8

Which of these covers the epiphyses of long bones?

A) Articular cartilage
B) Medullary cavity
C) Endosteum
D) Periosteum
E) Diaphysis

Question 9

Which of the following lifestyle changes should be recommended to patients to help them prevent osteoporosis?

A) Decrease calcium in their diet
B) Stop smoking
C) Avoid or reduce weight-bearing exercise
D) Lose weight
E) Avoid wearing high heels

Question 10

Bone scans can be used to diagnose causes of ____.

A) blood disorders
B) muscular weakness
C) bone infections
D) osteoporosis
E) kyphosis

Question 11

Bone density can be increased by ____.

A) eating a high-carbohydrate diet
B) eating a high-protein diet
C) avoiding too much sun exposure
D) walking
E) eating smaller meals 5 times a day

Question 12

The humerus is an example of a(n) ____ bone.

A) long
B) short
C) flat
D) irregular
E) sesamoid

Question 13

Which type of bone is located primarily in the arms and legs?

A) Long
B) Short
C) Flat
D) Irregular
E) Sesamoid

Question 14

In adults, which of the following contains yellow marrow, which consists of mostly fat?

A) Articular cartilage
B) Medullary cavity
C) Endosteum
D) Periosteum
E) Epiphysis

Question 15

Which of the following would the medical assistant recommend when educating patients with gout?

A) Consume limited quantities of meat, beer, and wine
B) Reduce his or her salt intake
C) Sleep with his or her feet elevated
D) Limit his or her physical activity
E) Avoid wearing high heels

Question 16

When teaching patients about bone health and diet, which of the following is recommended that patients should eat regularly?

A) Lean chicken
B) Broccoli
C) Legumes
D) Egg whites
E) Green tea

Question 17

Which type of bone is primarily located in the skull and rib cage?

A) Long
B) Short
C) Flat
D) Irregular
E) Sesamoid

Question 18

Which of the following is defined as the plate of cartilage at the end of a bone that is necessary for the bone to continue growing?

A) Epiphysis
B) Epiphyseal disk
C) Osteoclasts
D) Diaphysis
E) Suture

Question 19

Which type of bone is the patella (kneecap)?

A) Long
B) Short
C) Flat
D) Irregular
E) Sesamoid

Question 20

Which of these surrounds the diaphysis?

A) Epiphysis
B) Medullary cavity
C) Endosteum
D) Periosteum
E) Red bone marrow

Question 21

What is the anterior bone of the cranium called?

A) Parietal bone
B) Occipital bone
C) Temporal bone
D) Ethmoid bone
E) Frontal bone

Question 22

Brittle-bone disease is another name for ____.

A) osteogenesis imperfecta
B) osteoporosis
C) Paget's disease
D) scoliosis
E) kyphosis

Question 23

One treatment option for scoliosis is ____.

A) braces
B) chemotherapy
C) regular exercise
D) reduce meat and fish in diet
E) radiation therapy

Question 24

A lateral, S-shaped curvature of the spine is called ____.

A) osteogenesisimperfecta
B) osteoporosis
C) Paget's disease
D) scoliosis
E) kyphosis

Question 25

Which bone makes up most of the top and sides of the skull?

A) Parietal bone
B) Occipital bone
C) Temporal bone
D) Ethmoid bone
E) Frontal bone

Question 26

A recommendation to prevent osteoporosis is ____.

A) braces
B) chemotherapy
C) regular exercise
D) reduce meat and fish in diet
E) wearing appropriate footwear

Question 27

In which disorder do bones become enlarged, deformed, and weak?

A) Osteogenesis imperfecta
B) Osteoporosis
C) Paget's disease
D) Scoliosis
E) Kyphosis

Question 28

The condition commonly referred to as humpback is ____.

A) osteogenesis imperfecta
B) osteoporosis
C) Paget's disease
D) scoliosis
E) kyphosis

Question 29

Through which bone does the external auditory meatus run?

A) Parietal bone
B) Occipital bone
C) Temporal bone
D) Ethmoid bone
E) Frontal bone

Question 30

One treatment option for Paget's disease is ____.

A) braces
B) chemotherapy
C) regular exercise
D) surgical remodeling of bones
E) radiation therapy

Question 31

Bones gradually become thin in ____.

A) osteogenesis imperfecta
B) osteoporosis
C) Paget's disease
D) scoliosis
E) kyphosis

Question 32

The foramen magnum is located in which of the following bones?

A) Parietal bone
B) Occipital bone
C) Temporal bone
D) Ethmoid bone
E) Frontal bone

Question 33

The expanded end of a long bone is the ____.

A) epiphysis
B) medullary cavity
C) endosteum
D) periosteum
E) diaphysis

Question 34

Donald is a 14-year-old patient who is being seen today because of severe pain and swelling in his lower left leg. Donald can walk on it, but he says that walking or moving the leg in any way makes the pain much worse. Which of the following disorders or diseases would the practitioner test for given the patient's complaints and symptoms?

A) Paget's disease
B) Lordosis
C) Kyphosis
D) Osteoporosis
E) Osteosarcoma

Question 35

The ____ forms the lower sides of the skull.

A) parietal bone
B) occipital bone
C) temporal bone
D) ethmoid bone
E) frontal bone

Question 36

____ can be used to treat the Ewing sarcoma family of tumors and osteosarcoma.

A) Braces
B) Chemotherapy
C) Regular exercise
D) Reducing meat and fish in diet
E) Antibiotics

Question 37

Which bone forms part of the floor of the cranium?

A) Parietal bone
B) Occipital bone
C) Temporal bone
D) Ethmoid bone
E) Frontal bone

Question 38

Which of the following would a practitioner recommend as a treatment for a patient with gout?

A) Braces
B) Chemotherapy
C) Regular exercise
D) Reducing meats, fish, and wine in the diet
E) Appropriate footwear

Question 39

Which disorder is caused by uric acid deposits in the joints?

A) Ewing's tumors
B) Gout
C) Paget's disease
D) Scoliosis
E) Lordosis

Question 40

The ____ bones form the prominence of the cheeks.

A) parietal
B) zygomatic
C) temporal
D) ethmoid
E) occipital

Question 41

What structures allow the infant's skull to be somewhat moldable to assist with delivery through the birth canal?

A) Hyaline cartilage
B) Ligaments
C) Fontanels
D) Sutures
E) Tendons

Question 42

Cartilaginous joints are ____.

A) freely moveable
B) slightly moveable
C) connected by short fibers
D) lubricated by synovial fluid
E) covered with hyaline cartilage

Question 43

The ____ form the palm of the hand.

A) clavicles
B) metacarpals
C) carpals
D) metatarsals
E) tarsals

Question 44

The ____ bones are between the sphenoid and nasal bones.

A) parietal
B) occipital
C) temporal
D) ethmoid
E) zygomatic

Question 45

Which of the following describes fibrous joints?

A) They are freely moveable.
B) They are slightly moveable.
C) They are connected by short fibers.
D) They are held together by a disc of cartilage.
E) They are covered with hyaline cartilage.

Question 46

Red blood cells need to be replaced every ____.

A) 10 to 20 days
B) 30 to 45 days
C) 60 to 90 days
D) 90 to 120 days
E) 120 to 150 days

Question 47

Bones are held together by tough, cord-like structures called ____.

A) ligaments
B) hyaline cartilage
C) synovial membrane
D) osteoblasts
E) osteoclasts

Question 48

Which of the following are bones of the wrist?

A) Clavicles
B) Tarsals
C) Carpals
D) Phalanges
E) Metacarpals

Question 49

What is the term for the bones of the toes?

A) Metatarsals
B) Phalanges
C) Metacarpals
D) Carpals
E) Tarsals

Question 50

There are five of which of these bones per foot?

A) Metatarsals
B) Phalanges
C) Metacarpals
D) Carpals
E) Tarsals

Question 51

An opening through a bone that provides a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments is a(n) ____.

A) epicondyle
B) foramen
C) head
D) process
E) tubercle

Question 52

The ____, or heel bone, is the largest tarsal bone.

A) calcaneus
B) femur
C) fibula
D) ulna
E) tibia

Question 53

The ____ joins with the radius and some of the bones of the wrist and is the medial bone of the forearm.

A) clavicle
B) scapula
C) humerus
D) ulna
E) tibia

Question 54

The hyoid bone, which anchors the tongue, is included in the ____ skeleton.

A) axial
B) facial
C) thoracic
D) appendicular
E) abdominal

Question 55

This bone is thin and flat and is also called the shoulder blade.

A) clavicle
B) scapula
C) humerus
D) ulna
E) tibia

Question 56

Which of the following describes synovial joints?

A) They are held together by a fibrous joint capsule.
B) They are only slightly moveable.
C) They are located between facial bones.
D) They are located between vertebrae.
E) They are connected by a disc of cartilage.

Question 57

The bones of synovial joints are covered with ____ and are held together by a fibrous joint capsule.

A) ligaments
B) hyaline cartilage
C) synovial membrane
D) osteoblasts
E) osteoclasts

Question 58

A narrow, ridge-like projection on a bone is a ____.

A) condyle
B) fossa
C) trochanter
D) tuberosity
E) crest

Question 59

The ____ joins the sternum and scapula.

A) clavicle
B) scapula
C) humerus
D) ulna
E) tibia

Question 60

Which of the following form the front of the foot?

A) Metatarsals
B) Phalanges
C) Metacarpals
D) Tarsals
E) Fibula

Question 61

The first seven pairs of ribs, or true ribs, are attached directly to the sternum through pieces of cartilage called ________ cartilage.

Question 62

Spongy, or ________, bone has more spaces that are filled with red bone marrow than compact bone.

Question 63

__________ is the inflammation of the fluid-filled sac that cushions tendons.

Question 64

The ________ cartilage covers the epiphyses of long bones and cushions the bones and absorbs stress during bone movements.

Question 65

Bones come together at joints, or ________.

Question 66

The ________ skeleton contains 80 bones, including the bones of the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Question 67

Sarah Winters is the CEO of a local company. She has come to the clinic because she has a nagging lower back pain. After examining Ms. Winters, the physician diagnoses lordosis and recommends that she stop wearing high heels to work. Ms. Winters protests, saying the 4-inch heels she is wearing complete her executive outfit. Which of the following suggestions would be most helpful to Ms. Winters?

A) "Continuing to wear high heels will only make your condition worse."
B) "Exercise will help you keep the condition from becoming worse."
C) "Lowering the hem of your skirts will help hide your low-heeled shoes."
D) "You are right: Low heels just do not go with 'power suits.'"
E) "You can continue to wear high heels; just take NSAIDs for the pain."

Question 68

Commonly known as the collarbone, the ________ is slender in shape and joins with the sternum and scapula.

Question 69

The medical term for the largest tarsal bone in the foot that is commonly known as the heel bone is the ________.

Question 70

A prominent projection on a bone is known as a(n) ____.

A) condyle
B) epicondyle
C) fossa
D) process
E) suture

Question 71

_________ is the term for the shaft of a long bone that is tubular and consists of a thick collar of compact bone that surrounds the central medullary cavity.

Question 72

The general term meaning joint inflammation is _____.

Question 73

The ________, or tailbone, is a small, triangular-shaped bone that is made up of three to five fused vertebrae.

Question 74

The hip bones that attach the leg to the axial skeleton and protect the pelvic organs are called ____ bones.

Question 75

The first cervical vertebra is called the ________.

Question 76

Mrs. Jefferson has visible deformities in the fingers on both hands, and she says her fingers hurt most of the time. The practitioner has diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis. Mrs. Jefferson confesses that she does not know much about this disorder and asks what causes it. What should the medical assistant tell her?

A) "Rheumatoid arthritis is caused by excess deposits of uric acid crystals in the finger joints."
B) "Rheumatoid arthritis is a metabolic disorder that can be treated with surgery."
C) "Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease; the body's immune system attacks the joints."
D) "Rheumatoid arthritis is generally the result of a hormone deficiency."
E) "Rheumatoid arthritis is a hereditary disease that often runs in families."

Question 77

The ________ are tiny canals that connect lacunae and allow osteocytes to spread nutrients to each other.

Question 78

The ________ skeleton has 126 bones, including the bones of the arms and legs, the pectoral girdle, and the pelvic girdle.

Question 79

The second cervical vertebra is called the ________.

Question 80

An enlargement at the end of a bone is called a(n) ____.

A) process
B) crest
C) foramen
D) tubercle
E) head