Deck 34: Special Senses

Question 1

The ____ is a transparent area on the front of the eye that allows light to enter the eye.

A) pupil
B) cornea
C) lens
D) retina
E) iris

Answer 1

cornea

Question 2

When educating a patient on maintaining eye safety in the home, patients should be reminded to ____.

A) never mix cleaning solutions
B) keep older children from playing with younger ones
C) avoid wearing eye glasses while cleaning
D) control the time children spend in the sun
E) keep dangerous chemicals on shelves in the garage

Answer 2

never mix cleaning solutions

Question 3

The ____ is the middle layer of the eye, which contains most of the eye's blood vessels.

A) choroid
B) ciliary body
C) sclera
D) pupil
E) cornea

Answer 3

choroid

Question 4

Which of these is the tough, outermost layer of the eye, also called the "white of the eye"?

A) Pupil
B) Lens
C) Retina
D) Sclera
E) Fovea centralis

Question 5

Which parts of the eye are highly sensitive to light and function best in dim light but do not provide a sharp image and detect only black, white, and shades of gray?

A) Retinas
B) Ciliary bodies
C) Rods
D) Cones
E) Conjunctivas

Question 6

The ____ is a wedge-shaped thickening in the middle layer of the eyeball that controls the shape of the lens.

A) sclera
B) iris
C) choroid
D) ciliary body
E) retina

Question 7

The ____ is the area between the semicircular canals and the cochlea that helps detect balance of the body.

A) ear ossicle
B) auditory tube
C) oval window
D) vestibule
E) auricle

Question 8

Which of these produce tears and secrete enzymes to destroy bacteria and viruses in the eye?

A) Extrinsic eye muscles
B) Lacrimal glands
C) Nasolacrimal ducts
D) Orbicularis oculi
E) Conjunctivas

Question 9

There are six ____ that function together to move the eyeball.

A) extrinsic eye muscles
B) lacrimal glands
C) nasolacrimal ducts
D) orbicularis oculi
E) suspensory ligaments

Question 10

The ______ are responsible for blinking and squinting.

A) extrinsic eye muscles
B) lacrimal glands
C) nasolacrimal ducts
D) lateral rectus muscles
E) orbicularis oculi

Question 11

Which of the following is the inner layer of the eye, which contains rods and cones?

A) Pupil
B) Cornea
C) Lens
D) Retina
E) Conjunctiva

Question 12

As the iris contracts and relaxes, an opening at its center, the ____, grows larger or smaller.

A) pupil
B) cornea
C) lens
D) retina
E) limbus

Question 13

Which of these is found in the anterior chamber of the eye?

A) Optic disc
B) Fovea centralis
C) Aqueous humor
D) Vitreous humor
E) Retina

Question 14

Which of the following are mucous membranes that line the inner surfaces of the eyelids?

A) Lacrimal glands
B) Nasolacrimal ducts
C) Orbicularis oculi
D) Conjunctivas
E) Sclera

Question 15

When spicy foods are eaten, which receptors on the tongue are activated?

A) Bitter
B) Sour
C) Pain
D) Hot
E) Umami

Question 16

Which of the following structures is on the medial aspect of each eye and drains tears into the nose?

A) Extrinsic eye muscles
B) Lacrimal glands
C) Nasolacrimal ducts
D) Conjunctivas
E) Scleral venous sinuses

Question 17

Which of the following allow vision in bright light, are sensitive to color, and provide detailed images?

A) Ciliary bodies
B) Pupils
C) Rods
D) Cones
E) Irises

Question 18

Which of the following allows the eye to focus on images?

A) Pupil
B) Cornea
C) Lens
D) Retina
E) Iris

Question 19

Which of these is in the posterior chamber of the eye?

A) Choroid
B) Ciliary body
C) Lens
D) Aqueous humor
E) Vitreous humor

Question 20

The ____ controls the amount of light entering the eye.

A) choroid
B) retina
C) cornea
D) lens
E) iris

Question 21

Mrs. Whitley, a 61-year-old patient, calls the office this morning. She says she is afraid to drive to the office, because when she woke up this morning, her vision was "funny, like everything is wavering in front of my eyes." She is also seeing flashes of light and floaters. Which of the following statements is your best response to Mrs. Whitley?

A) "I can fit you in at 3:00 this afternoon. Please find a friend or relative to drive you here."
B) "Don't worry, Mrs. Whitley. It sounds like a visual migraine. It will go away soon."
C) "Mrs. Whitley, please have someone drive you to the hospital immediately, or call 911."
D) "It's probably stress. Lie down and rest for a while, and if it doesn't improve, call me back."
E) "We all have episodes like this, Mrs. Whitley. It is just a part of growing older."

Question 22

The ________, or hammer, is one of the smallest bones in the body and is indicated by letter D in the figure.

Question 23

At which age should infants be startled by loud noises and recognize their mother's voice better than others?

A) Up to 4 months of age.
B) 4 to 8 months of age.
C) 8 to 12 months of age.
D) 12 to 18 months of age.
E) 18 to 24 months of age.

Question 24

The ____ maintains equal pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

A) ear ossicle
B) eustachian tube
C) oval window
D) vestibule
E) tympanic cavity

Question 25

One of the smallest bones in the body, the ________ shown at letter B, is shaped like a stirrup.

Question 26

Mrs. Danieri is a 54-year-old computer analyst. She is in the office today because her eyes have been giving her so much trouble recently. She says her eyes have started burning and itching in the last few months. You can see that her eyes are red. Mrs. Danieri says she knows it can't just be dry eyes, because she has been a computer analyst for 30 years and has worn contacts all that time. If she were going to have a problem with dry eyes, it would have happened before now. She thinks she may have become allergic to something in the environment. Which of the following questions might you ask to obtain pertinent information from Mrs. Danieri?

A) "How much alcohol do you drink each day?"
B) "Does your vision seem to be affected by the eye irritation?"
C) "How much exercise do you get in an average week?"
D) "Are you in menopause, or do you think you might be starting menopause?"
E) "Have you been unusually stressed at your job in the last few months?"

Question 27

A common cause of conductive hearing loss is the immobilization of the stapes within the inner ear, called ____.

A) tinnitus
B) otitis
C) otosclerosis
D) presbycusis
E) acoustic neuroma.

Question 28

At what age should infants begin to babble at people talking to them?

A) Up to 4 months of age
B) 4 to 8 months of age
C) 8 to 12 months of age
D) 12 to 18 months of age
E) 18 to 24 months of age

Question 29

Letter A in the figure indicates the pinna, or ________, which is part of the external ear.

Question 30

____ is an inflammation of the ear.

A) Cerumen impaction
B) Meniere's disease
C) Otitis
D) Acoustic neuroma
E) Otosclerosis

Question 31

Which of the following defines hearing loss?

A) A loss of the ability to hear sounds at normal levels
B) A normal part of the aging process
C) Not caused by cerumen impaction of the ear canal
D) Never the result of nerve damage
E) Usually due to immobilization of the stapes

Question 32

Which of the following is the beginning of the inner ear?

A) Ear ossicle
B) Oval window
C) Vestibule
D) Tympanic membrane
E) Bony labyrinth

Question 33

The ________, also called the anvil, is indicated by letter C in the figure.

Question 34

Which of these is hearing loss due to the aging process?

A) Meniere's disease
B) Otitis
C) Otosclerosis
D) Presbycusis
E) Acoustic neuroma

Question 35

The three tiny bones that vibrate in response to sound are called ______.

A) ear ossicles
B) auditory tubes
C) oval windows
D) tympanic membranes
E) semicircular canals

Question 36

Janyce is a 19-year-old patient who came to the medical office because she is having trouble with her eyes. They move rapidly side-to-side, and she can't seem to control it. She says it's embarrassing, because her friends are uncomfortable around her and do not want to look at her directly. She denies drug use, but does drink "a lot" of alcohol. She has not had any injuries to the head. Testing rules out a stroke or lesion on the brain. Which of the following would you expect the physician to suggest to treat her nystagmus?

A) Alcohol rehabilitation therapy
B) Physical therapy to gain control over the eye movements
C) A strenuous exercise routine to improve her overall health
D) A low-salt diet to correct an electrolyte imbalance
E) LASIK surgery to remove her astigmatism

Question 37

At what age should infants respond to the instruction "No" and quickly turn to the sound of their name?

A) 1 month of age
B) 2 to 4 months of age
C) 4 to 8 months of age
D) 8 to 12 months of age
E) 12 to 18 months of age

Question 38

Paul Veras is a 24-year-old patient whose physician referred him to the ear specialist for whom you work because he has noticed a gradual loss of hearing in his left ear. The physician runs tests and finds the hearing in Paul's right ear is normal. Further tests reveal that Paul has an acoustic neuroma in the left ear. Paul is distressed at this news. "I am a musician," he says. "I need both of my ears! Would a hearing aid help?" Which of the following responses would you expect the physician to give?

A) "Of course! We can have you fitted for a hearing aid immediately."
B) "A hearing aid can help for a while, but you will eventually be completely deaf in that ear."
C) "We can try a hearing aid first to see if it will help, if you want to."
D) "Okay, but to avoid hearing loss in your right ear, you will need to wear aids in both ears."
E) "No, a hearing aid will not help. We can try radiation, or we can remove the tumor surgically."

Question 39

The ________, shown at letter H in the figure, contains hearing receptors, including the organ of Corti.

Question 40

A buildup of earwax within the external auditory canal is ____.

A) cerumen impaction
B) otitis externa
C) otitis interna
D) otitis media
E) otosclerosis

Question 41

Taste buds are found mostly on the ______ or "bumps" on the tongue.

Question 42

The area shown at letter A in the figure is the ________, or blind spot, which contains no sensory receptors.

Question 43

Shown at letter D in the figure, the ________ contains most of the eye's blood vessels.

Question 44

The clear, circular disk located just posterior to the iris that helps the eye focus is the ________, which is shown at letter F in the figure.

Question 45

Receptors that are found on the taste buds are known as taste or ________ receptors.

Question 46

Smell receptors send information to the ________ nerves.

Question 47

The flap of skin and cartilage that hangs off the side of the head and collects sound waves is the ________ or pinna.

Question 48

Smell receptors are called ________ receptors.

Question 49

The ________, shown at letter G in the figure, controls the size of the pupil.

Question 50

The ________, a fibrous partition that separates the external ear from the middle ear, is shown at letter F in the figure.

Question 51

The ________, shown at letter E, is the part of the external ear that carries sound waves to the tympanic membrane.

Question 52

The watery fluid that provides nutrients to and bathes the structures in the anterior chamber of the eyeball is the ________.

Question 53

Letter H in the figure indicates the ________, a transparent area on the front of the eye that lets light into the eye.

Question 54

The tough, outermost layer of the eye, indicated by the letter E in the figure, is the ________.

Question 55

Smell receptors and taste cells are both a special type of receptor called a(n) _____.

Question 56

The innermost layer of the eye, shown at letter C in the figure, is the ________.

Question 57

When the head moves, fluids in the ________ canals move and activate the equilibrium receptors.

Question 58

The process called ________ enables the eye to focus on images of objects that are near or far away.

Question 59

The ________, shown at letter I in the figure, controls the amount of light that enters the eye.

Question 60

The membrane indicated by letter G, which separates the middle ear from the inner ear, is the ________.

Question 61

The muscle in the eyelid called the ________ is responsible for blinking and squinting.

Question 62

The three tiny bones called ear ossicles are the ________, incus, and stapes.

Question 63

When the head moves, fluids known as perilymph and ________ in the semicircular canals and vestibule move, activating equilibrium receptors and hearing receptors.

Question 64

The inner ear is a very complex system of communicating chambers and tubes known as the ________.

Question 65

The condition characterized by eversion of the lower eyelid is ________.

Question 66

The alternative pathway for sound that bypasses the external and middle ears is called bone ________.

Question 67

Muscles in the ________ control the shape of the lens of the eye.

Question 68

The ducts that are located on the medial aspect of each eyeball and drain tears into the nose are the _______ ducts.

Question 69

Rapid, irregular eye movements that may be horizontal, vertical, or rotary, depending on the underlying cause, are symptoms of ________.

Question 70

The three tiny bones called ear ossicles are the malleus, ________, and stapes.

Question 71

Visual accessory organs assist and protect the eyeball and include the orbits, eyebrows, eyelids and eyelashes, conjunctivas, ________ apparatus, and extrinsic eye muscles.

Question 72

The cornea, lens, and fluids help focus the light onto the retina by bending it in a process known as ________.

Question 73

The _______ glands are located on the lateral edge of each eyeball and produce tears.

Question 74

A(n) ________ hearing loss is caused by an interruption in the transmission of sound waves to the inner ear.

Question 75

When the head moves, fluids known as ________ and endolymph in the semicircular canals and vestibule move, activating equilibrium receptors and hearing receptors.

Question 76

The three tiny bones called ear ossicles are the malleus, incus, and ________.

Question 77

When the tympanic membrane vibrates, it causes the ossicles to vibrate and hit a membrane called the ________.

Question 78

As the iris of the eye contracts and relaxes, an opening at its center, called the ________, grows larger or smaller, regulating the amount of light that enters the eye.

Question 79

The eye sockets, or ________, form a protective shell around the eyes.

Question 80

The sclera of the eye gives way to the cornea in an area known as the ________, or corneal-scleral junction.