Deck 31: Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Question 1

The mucus that traps dust particles in the lungs is produced by:

A)adipose tissue.
B)connective tissue.
C)muscle tissue.
D)endocrine glands.
E)epithelial tissue.

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The mucus-secreting glands of the respiratory system are composed of ________ tissue.

A)adipose
B)muscle
C)epithelial
D)connective
E)nerve

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Most body systems maintain homeostasis through ________ systems.

A)positive feedback
B)negative feedback
C)monitoring
D)alternating
E)redundant

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Hypertension damages the lining of the arterioles of the kidneys, which results in the release of molecules that further raise blood pressure. This is an example of a(n):

A)negative feedback loop.
B)positive feedback loop.
C)controlling mechanism.
D)uncontrolled mechanism.
E)electrochemical mechanism.

Question 5

In humans, the body needs to maintain oxygen levels within narrow homeostatic ranges. If the blood oxygen level drops below that range, the body responds by:

A)using negative feedback loops to further lower the oxygen level.
B)using positive feedback to raise the oxygen level.
C)using negative feedback loops to return the oxygen level to normal.
D)using positive feedback to further lower the oxygen level.
E)setting this lower oxygen level as the new normal.

Question 6

Which of the following controls the temperature in endothermic animals?

A)autonomic nervous system
B)hypothalamus
C)positive feedback systems
D)reflexive skeletal muscles
E)cerebral cortex

Question 7

Groups of tissues that function together form a(n):

A)organ.
B)organ system.
C)system.
D)individual.
E)gland.

Question 8

What is a gland?

A)a cluster of cells that secretes a substance
B)a type of tissue that makes cartilage
C)a special connection between muscle cells
D)a group of cells that replaces the stomach lining every few days
E)the functional unit of the skeletal system

Question 9

In the description of homeostasis, the term "dynamic constancy" refers to:

A)the fact that even though physical and chemical changes do occur, conditions are kept within a range.
B)a constant movement toward equilibrium.
C)the direct interaction of each positive feedback system with its corresponding negative feedback system.
D)the use of ATP to initiate a cascade effect.
E)a disregarded theory that suggested there were no external energy requirements to maintain cell homeostasis.

Question 10

Similar cells that perform a particular function are known as:

A)tissues.
B)organs.
C)organ systems.
D)organisms.

Question 11

One biological example of a positive feedback system is:

A)the cascade of events involving oxytocin during childbirth.
B)temperature regulation.
C)blood pH levels.
D)water balance.

Question 12

Which tissue is characterized by a basement membrane and a single layer of flattened cells with a free surface?

A)simple epithelium
B)connective tissue
C)muscle tissue
D)stratified epithelium
E)undifferentiated tissue

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop?

A)a hummingbird maintaining a constant internal body temperature
B)a person altering her breathing rate to keep blood pH between 7.35 and 7.45
C)stress altering the normal menstrual cycle, which delays menstruation, which causes more stress
D)the kidney retaining water when the organism becomes dehydrated

Question 14

The lining of the trachea is formed from ________ tissue.

A)epithelial
B)connective
C)muscle
D)nerve
E)undifferentiated

Question 15

What is the primary reason internal homeostasis must be maintained?

A)Wide swings in the internal environment interfere with normal metabolic reactions.
B)Homeostasis prevents wasting stockpiles of coenzymes.
C)Enzymes must retain their correct three-dimensional structure.
D)Unregulated variations cause the cells' DNA to mutate.
E)Most organisms have not evolved mechanisms to control positive feedback systems.

Question 16

Blood is a type of ________ tissue.

A)epithelial
B)connective
C)muscle
D)nerve
E)endothelial

Question 17

The basement membrane in epithelial tissue:

A)provides strength and support.
B)is the layer that contains the dividing cells.
C)transmits nervous stimuli.
D)contracts to move the skin.
E)waterproofs the epithelium.

Question 18

An organism's ability to maintain a consistent blood pH requires:

A)acid-base imbalance.
B)reactions between carbon monoxide and acids.
C)positive feedback loops.
D)negative feedback loops.
E)energy made into proteins.

Question 19

What happens if homeostasis is not maintained?

A)Organisms function better.
B)Cellular metabolism is unchanged.
C)Cells begin dividing uncontrollably.
D)Cells lose the ability to carry out normal functions.
E)Organisms stop using negative feedback loops.

Question 20

In stratified epithelium, cell division occurs:

A)in the surface cell layer only.
B)in the cells at the base layer only.
C)in the basement membrane only.
D)throughout all the layers.

Question 21

The __________ system is composed of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.

A)digestive
B)reproductive
C)respiratory
D)circulatory
E)urinary

Question 22

Which tissue contains large amounts of collagen?

A)nerve
B)adipose
C)blood
D)lymph
E)tendons

Question 23

Which tissue is in direct contact with the external environment of an animal?

A)connective
B)epithelial
C)muscle
D)nerve
E)endothelial

Question 24

When you move your fingers to turn the page, you are using the nervous system and:

A)skeletal muscle.
B)adipose tissue.
C)cardiac muscle.
D)simple epithelium.
E)endocrine glands.

Question 25

Which tissue type is most suited to areas of the body in which the cells need continuous replacement to repair damage from daily wear and tear?

A)epithelial
B)connective
C)nerve
D)muscle

Question 26

Large amounts of extracellular material are characteristic of:

A)simple epithelium.
B)stratified epithelium.
C)loose connective tissue.
D)nervous tissue.
E)smooth muscle.

Question 27

The pads that cushion the vertebrae are made of:

A)bone.
B)cartilage.
C)matrix.
D)fat.
E)smooth muscle tissue.

Question 28

Which of the following tissues is used for energy storage?

A)adipose
B)blood
C)cartilage
D)dense connective
E)epithelial

Question 29

In addition to the nervous system, which vertebrate organ system controls physiological processes in animals?

A)reproductive
B)skeletal
C)muscular
D)endocrine
E)respiratory

Question 30

Which type of muscle is under voluntary control?

A)smooth
B)cardiac
C)epithelial
D)skeletal
E)oxygen enriched

Question 31

The retina of the eye responds to light, converting it into electrical impulses. The retina is made up of:

A)axons.
B)glial cells.
C)smooth muscle.
D)dendrites.
E)simple epithelium.

Question 32

The skin is an example of a(n):

A)cell.
B)tissue.
C)organ.
D)organ system.
E)undifferentiated mass.

Question 33

Connective tissues include lymph, ligaments, tendons, and:

A)cardiac muscle.
B)exocrine glands.
C)skin cells.
D)cartilage.
E)vessel linings.

Question 34

Cartilage, bone, and blood are examples of ________ tissue.

A)muscle
B)nerve
C)connective
D)epithelial
E)undifferentiated

Question 35

Widely scattered cells embedded in large amounts of extracellular material composed of randomly arranged collagen fibers make up:

A)loose connective tissue.
B)cardiac muscle.
C)adipose tissue.
D)dense connective tissue.
E)stratified epithelial tissue.

Question 36

Which tissue helps endotherms maintain body temperature?

A)adipose
B)bone
C)cartilage
D)dense connective
E)simple epithelium

Question 37

Hair follicles are a variation of ________ tissue.

A)epithelial
B)dense connective
C)muscle
D)loose connective
E)nerve

Question 38

The stomach, intestines, mouth, and esophagus form a(n):

A)organ.
B)tissue.
C)cell.
D)organ system.
E)ectotherm.

Question 39

Which cells are designed to conduct electrical impulses?

A)glial cells
B)skeletal muscle cells
C)nerve tissue
D)connective tissue
E)adipose cells

Question 40

How are cardiac and smooth muscles similar?

A)Both have only thin protein filaments.
B)Both are typically under conscious control.
C)Both are involuntary.
D)Both are connected to bones.
E)Both use cAMP as an energy source.

Question 41

The dermis of the skin is composed of stratified epithelium. True or False?

Question 42

An endotherm uses ________ feedback loops to maintain homeostasis.

Question 43

________ maintain a fairly consistent internal body temperature through metabolic reactions.

Question 44

The outer layer of the skin is the dermis. True or False?

Question 45

The circulatory system plays a role in temperature regulation. True or False?

Question 46

Glial cells provide structural and chemical support to neurons. True or False?

Question 47

The basement membrane of epithelial tissues produces a waterproof barrier of cells to protect the tissue above it. True or False?

Question 48

Positive feedback systems are much more common in living organisms than are negative feedback systems. True or False?

Question 49

Walter Cannon coined the term "homeostasis" in the 1920s. True or False?

Question 50

Maintaining homeostasis requires the coordinated efforts of multiple negative feedback loops. True or False?

Question 51

The meshwork in dense connective tissue contains large amounts of calcium. True or False?

Question 52

The sensory nerve endings and blood supply for the skin are in the dermis. True or False?

Question 53

When an animal's body temperature drops below normal, the body responds to raise the temperature using positive feedback loops. True or False?

Question 54

An extracellular matrix is characteristic of connective tissue. True or False?

Question 55

Hormones are secreted by exocrine glands. True or False?

Question 56

Endotherms maintain a nearly consistent ________.

Question 57

The ability to maintain an internal environment within specific ranges is referred to as maintaining ________.

Question 58

Cardiac muscle requires input from the nervous system to contract. True or False?

Question 59

Due to the freezing temperatures of the deep ocean, all deep-sea fish must be endotherms. True or False?

Question 60

The body temperature of an ________ changes to match the temperature of the external environment.

Question 61

While sitting in a hot car, your body begins to sweat, which cools the body back down. This illustrates a ________ feedback loop.

Question 62

Why do organisms need to maintain homeostasis?

Question 63

When the body's response to swelling caused by an insect bite is to release histamine, which causes more swelling and releases more histamine, the organism is using a ________ feedback loop.

Question 64

________ glands are a form of epithelial tissue that secretes substances through a duct.

Question 65

Why are negative feedback loops more effective at maintaining homeostasis than positive feedback loops?

Question 66

The tissue that contains multiple layers of cells that are pushed to the surface and die, becoming a tough protective layer, is ________.

Question 67

The digestive and respiratory tracts contain ________ muscle.

Question 68

Tissues that come together in a single structure within the body to carry out complex functions make up a(n)________.

Question 69

Cells that generate electrical impulses form ________ tissue.

Question 70

Glands that lack ________ secrete hormones.

Question 71

The matrix in cartilage is made of ________, a protein.

Question 72

Cells that store lipids (fats)for long-term energy are found in ________ tissue.

Question 73

Connective tissue is characterized by proteins in a(n)________ matrix.

Question 74

Tightly packed collagen fibers arranged in either parallel rows or meshwork are characteristic of ________ connective tissue.

Question 75

The noncellular protein layer that attaches epithelial tissue to the underlying tissues is the ________.

Question 76

What are the four major types of tissues?

Question 77

Bones are connected to other bones by ________.

Question 78

Compare the mechanisms endotherms and ectotherms use to regulate body temperature.

Question 79

How do exocrine glands differ from endocrine glands?

Question 80

A calcium phosphate matrix is characteristic of ________.