Deck 15: Politics and Civil Rights

Question 1

The most successful feminist efforts of the 1800s centered on __________.

A)protection of women in families
B)the suffrage movement
C)rights for former slaves
D)ending the Civil War

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Women were guaranteed the right to vote by __________.

A)University of California Board of Regents v.Bakke
B)Reed v.Reed
C)the Nineteenth Amendment
D)the 1964 Civil Rights Act

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What did the Supreme Court determine was unconstitutional in Brown v.Board of Education?

A)integrated schools
B)poll taxes
C)segregation of schools
D)unequal school funding

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What precipitated the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A)the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have A Dream" speech
B)the Greensboro,N.C.,lunch counter sit-in
C)the arrest of Rosa Parks in Montgomery,Ala.
D)the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v.Ferguson

Question 5

What did Jim Crow laws mandate?

A)voting rights
B)racial segregation
C)poll taxes
D)grandfather clauses

Question 6

When did women win the guaranteed right to vote?

A)when the Constitution was adopted
B)during the Civil War
C)immediately after the Civil War
D)decades after black males won the right to vote

Question 7

In Regents of the University of California v.Bakke (1978),the Supreme Court determined that __________ were unconstitutional.

A)poll taxes
B)grandfather clauses
C)all forms of affirmative action
D)racial quotas

Question 8

The Fourteenth Amendment attempted to guarantee which of the following to former slaves?

A)forty acres of farmland and a mule
B)free university education
C)economic equality with whites
D)citizenship rights

Question 9

What is the current legal status of American Indian tribes?

A)They have limited sovereignty.
B)They have a status similar to states.
C)They have a status similar to counties.
D)They have a status similar to towns or townships.

Question 10

What does the Federal Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 prohibit?

A)unfair practices in setting interest rates
B)sex discrimination in bank hiring decisions
C)credit denial for a poor or nonexistent credit rating
D)sex discrimination in credit transactions

Question 11

Which of these does the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ban?

A)poll taxes and grandfather clauses
B)discrimination in public accommodations
C)integration in public transportation
D)discrimination based on sexual orientation

Question 12

The provision of the Fourteenth Amendment that prohibits any state from denying "any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws" is known as the __________ clause.

A)due process
B)jurisdiction
C)grandfather
D)equal protection

Question 13

In Swann v.Charlotte-Mecklenburg County Board of Education,the Supreme Court upheld the use of which of the following in order to address the legacy of school segregation?

A)minority set-asides
B)racial quotas
C)segregated schools
D)bussing students

Question 14

The civil rights movement pushed for racial equality.When did this movement take place?

A)immediately after the Civil War
B)during Reconstruction
C)during the early 1900s
D)during the 1950s and 1960s

Question 15

What was Reconstruction?

A)the struggle for newly freed slaves to gain the right to vote,especially in the South
B)the gradual elimination of both Black Codes and Jim Crow laws
C)the refusal of Southern states to abide by the Fourteenth Amendment until forced to do so by the Supreme Court
D)the period after the Civil War when the South was occupied by the federal government

Question 16

The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees citizens the right to vote regardless of __________.

A)race
B)gender
C)age
D)property ownership

Question 17

The Thirteenth Amendment bans slavery.When was it passed?

A)when the South seceded from the Union
B)during the Civil War
C)immediately after the Civil War
D)immediately after Reconstruction

Question 18

What was the objective of the women's suffrage movement?

A)the right to an abortion
B)the right to own property
C)equal pay for equal worth
D)the right to vote

Question 19

According to the "Who's Getting What?" feature box,which event triggered the modern gay rights movement?

A)the AIDS epidemic
B)the Stonewall Riots
C)passage of the Defense of Marriage Act
D)adoption of the "Don't Ask,Don't Tell" policy

Question 20

The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.insisted that civil disobedience aimed at ending discrimination in the South should be conducted __________.

A)in accordance with the law
B)nonviolently
C)secretly
D)anonymously

Question 21

What was the Supreme Court's rationale in the Civil Rights Cases (1883)for why Congress could not prohibit discrimination in public accommodations?

A)Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they involve interstate commerce.
B)Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because they tend to be owned by private individuals.
C)Congress cannot regulate public accommodations because it lacks the authority to spend money without the permission of the states.
D)Congress cannot prohibit discrimination because doing so violates the First Amendment right to freedom of speech.

Question 22

To what extent were the civil rights of African Americans protected after the Civil War?

A)Their civil rights increased in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War and have continued to increase steadily ever since.
B)There were no attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans until Reconstruction ended.
C)The civil rights of southern African Americans were considerably greater than their northern counterparts.
D)Attempts to protect the civil rights of African Americans were largely unsuccessful for decades following the Civil War and Reconstruction.

Question 23

What is the source of de facto segregation and discrimination?

A)practice
B)law
C)the Constitution
D)Congress

Question 24

What was the Emancipation Proclamation?

A)It was a political and military action by the president intended to help preserve the Union.
B)It was an action that reflected the demands of the people to free slaves living in rebel states.
C)It abolished slavery.
D)It is another name for the Thirteenth Amendment.

Question 25

Rosa Parks challenged which of the following?

A)poll taxes
B)grandfather clauses
C)a Jim Crow law
D)slavery

Question 26

What was the basis for the Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v.Ferguson (1896)that upheld the constitutionality of a state law requiring segregated railroad facilities?

A)Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they did not immigrate to the United States willingly.
B)Former slaves are not entitled to full citizenship rights because they were considered property under the law.
C)The Constitution does not prohibit segregation; it only mandates equal protection under the law.
D)Railroad transportation involves interstate commerce,which is regulated by Congress; there is no provision in federal law that prohibits segregation.

Question 27

What strategy did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)use most effectively to advance civil rights for African Americans?

A)boycotts
B)protests
C)litigation
D)nonviolent direct action

Question 28

If a group of people were systematically discriminated against in the past,which of the following would constitute an affirmative action policy designed as a remedy to help the members of this group overcome the legacy of discrimination?

A)a hiring policy that favors those with relatives working in government
B)a college admissions policy that gives preferential treatment to members of the group
C)a color-blind job application process to give members of this group an equal chance
D)a policy that gives extra weight to votes cast by members of the group

Question 29

Which of the following reflects actions that happened as a result of the Compromise of 1877?

A)The national government agreed to end military occupation of the South as long as Samuel Tilden assumed the presidency.
B)The national government agreed to end military occupation of the South,and the Southern states pledged their support to the Union.
C)The national government continued military occupation of the South but gave up its efforts to rearrange Southern society.
D)The Supreme Court ruled in support of nearly all of the Reconstruction laws.

Question 30

At present,a law that classified people according to __________ would be given strict scrutiny by the Supreme Court to determine its constitutionality.

A)race
B)age
C)disability
D)gender

Question 31

What provision of the Fourteenth Amendment serves as a cornerstone of our understanding of civil rights?

A)the all men are created equal clause
B)the Equal Protection Clause
C)the privileges and immunities clause
D)the Equal Rights Amendment

Question 32

Which of the following reflects the "comparable worth" argument?

A)Men and women should be paid the same for doing the same job.
B)One should be paid the same,regardless of race or ethnicity.
C)Jobs requiring similar skill,experience,and education should pay equal wages.
D)Wages should be determined by a free market assessment of a job's worth.

Question 33

According to the Supreme Court's decisions in the Civil Rights Cases (1883),in which of the following areas could discrimination against African Americans be prohibited?

A)theaters
B)hotels
C)railroads
D)post offices

Question 34

The Equal Rights Amendment __________.

A)fundamentally restructured the American family
B)guaranteed African Americans full citizenship rights
C)was never ratified
D)successfully eliminated all gender differences in the law

Question 35

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the "Don't Ask,Don't Tell" policy?

A)Barack Obama initiated the policy as a goodwill gesture to the gay and lesbian community.
B)It prevented gays and lesbians from serving in the military.
C)It required gay and lesbian soldiers to keep quiet about their sexual orientation.
D)It prevented the military from discharging gay and lesbian soldiers.

Question 36

The Supreme Court's decision in Lawrence v.Texas (2003)primarily enhanced the civil liberties of __________.

A)African Americans
B)Asians
C)American Indians
D)gays and lesbians

Question 37

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was designed to overturn which of the following?

A)integration
B)Jim Crow laws
C)nonviolent direct action
D)the Fifteenth Amendment

Question 38

For which of the following would the Supreme Court most likely apply "strict scrutiny" to determine whether the policy is an unconstitutional violation of the Equal Protection Clause?

A)preventing whites from attending schools designed to serve African American students
B)prohibiting those over seventy years old from working in law enforcement
C)prohibiting gays and lesbians from serving in the military
D)having different minimum ages for men and women to marry

Question 39

Which of the following weakened the Civil Rights Act of 1875?

A)Adarand v.Pena
B)Brown v.Board of Education
C)the Civil Rights Cases
D)the Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 40

Which of the following accommodations would an employer most likely have to make to be in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act?

A)hiring a disabled person instead of an equally qualified person without a disability
B)providing better medical insurance for employees who have a disability
C)lowering expectations for the quality of work performed by employees with disabilities
D)installing a ramp and other physical accommodations for someone who uses a wheelchair

Question 41

How are the Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 similar?

A)They both were enacted quickly and easily.
B)They both passed the strict scrutiny test administered by the Supreme Court.
C)They were both based on Congress's power to regulate interstate commerce.
D)They both sought equal rights for African Americans.

Question 42

According to the feature box,"Who's Getting What? The Stonewall Riots," why was the decision in One,Inc.v.Olesen 355 US 371 (1958)significant?

A)It upheld the right of the post office to refuse material they deemed obscene.
B)It granted homosexuals status as a protected class.
C)It recognized homosexual press rights.
D)It was the first Supreme Court decision that paved the way to the legality of same-sex marriage.

Question 43

What is the status of affirmative action in college admissions after the most recent Supreme Court decisions?

A)Limited affirmative action programs are generally permissible,but they cannot make race the decisive factor for a minority applicant.
B)Affirmative action policies are assumed to be unconstitutional unless the university can demonstrate the need to promote racial tolerance on campus.
C)Limited affirmative action programs are assumed to be constitutional unless an applicant can demonstrate that race affected the admissions decision in any way.
D)Affirmative action policies must ensure that all racial and ethnic groups are represented in accordance with the population of the nation as a whole.

Question 44

Which of the following accurately describes de facto segregation in the United States?

A)De facto segregation is now fairly common.
B)De facto segregation is directly caused by official actions.
C)De facto segregation did not exist during the civil rights movement.
D)De facto segregation by gender is unconstitutional.

Question 45

The Supreme Court's 1971 ruling in Reed v.Reed reflected what with regard to level of scrutiny?

A)the most strict level of scrutiny given that the case concerned gender classification
B)a more relaxed level of scrutiny given that the case concerned racial classification
C)an intermediate level of scrutiny given the nature of this affirmative action case
D)a much more relaxed level of scrutiny than the Supreme Court gives to racial classification in the law

Question 46

Which of the following arguments would most likely be made by an opponent of affirmative action policies?

A)Affirmative action helps to compensate for past discrimination.
B)Discrimination is a natural part of the human experience.
C)Affirmative action discriminates on the basis of race.
D)Diversity helps Americans better understand each other.

Question 47

Which of the following affirmative action programs would be a clear violation of the Supreme Court's decision in Regents of the University of California v.Bakke (1978)?

A)considering race as a factor in university admissions decisions
B)considering how an applicant would contribute to the diversity of the university
C)considering applicants' academic and extracurricular achievements
D)setting aside a certain percentage of admissions slots for African American students

Question 48

What was the rationale for why Jim Crow laws were initially considered not in conflict with the Equal Protection Clause?

A)Since Jim Crow laws mandated segregation and said nothing about equality,the Equal Protection Clause was thought to be irrelevant.
B)Jim Crow laws were important for maintaining social order,a prerequisite for racial equality.
C)Jim Crow laws helped African Americans to overcome inequality by building character through overcoming adversity
D)The Equal Protection Clause applied only to the actions of the federal government.

Question 49

Which statement accurately reflects the relationship between direct discrimination and comparable worth?

A)Comparable worth is an approach to closing the earnings gap,viewed as not primarily a product of direct discrimination,that argues that pay levels for traditionally male and traditionally female jobs should be equalized by paying equally all jobs that are "worth about the same" to an employer.
B)The earnings gap is primarily a product of direct discrimination-a division in the labor market between traditionally male and female jobs known as comparable worth.
C)Advocates of comparable worth argue that governmental agencies or the courts should evaluate traditionally male and female jobs to determine how to end direct discrimination.
D)Comparable worth goes beyond paying men and women equally for the same work and calls for the end of direct discrimination in setting wages.

Question 50

Why did Congress enact the Defense of Marriage Act?

A)to promote marriage equality
B)to protect the rights of married homosexuals
C)to ensure states did not have to recognize same-sex marriages
D)to strengthen the full faith and credit clause

Question 51

Why did Congress pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

A)in order to facilitate the prosecution of those who had restricted the voting rights of African Americans
B)to eliminate restrictions on voting that have been used to discriminate against blacks and other minority groups
C)because Congress was afraid the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.would lead a boycott of white businesses if the legislation was not passed
D)to prevent the race riots from spreading from African American neighborhoods into traditionally white neighborhoods

Question 52

The so-called "glass ceiling" would be most likely to pose a significant barrier to a(n)__________.

A)Hispanic man pursuing a graduate degree
B)woman interested in a senior management position
C)African American looking for a blue collar job
D)gay man who wants to teach elementary school

Question 53

Why did César Chávez organize the national boycott of grapes from California vineyards in the 1960s?

A)as part of an effort to protect the right of farmworkers to organize unions and bargain collectively with their employers
B)as part of an effort to control wages for farmworkers
C)as part of the agricultural lobby to control prices
D)as part of an attempt to stop the distribution of tainted grapes

Question 54

Which of the following laws would be the most likely to draw strict scrutiny from the Supreme Court when determining its constitutionality?

A)Male and female student athletes cannot compete on the same basketball team at the university level.
B)Businesses cannot discriminate against gays and lesbians in hiring and promotion decisions.
C)Those without a college degree are not eligible for upper-level civil service jobs.
D)Government contracts must be awarded to a contractor who is a racial minority whenever at least 10 percent of the bidders are minority-owned businesses.

Question 55

Which of the following situations would most likely be a violation of Title IX?

A)an election jurisdiction that does not provide bilingual ballots when there is a large bilingual community
B)a legal prohibition on hiring women for positions that are known to be hazardous to women's reproductive health
C)a college that spends significantly more on sports programs for men than for women
D)job applications that are not made accessible to the blind

Question 56

Which of the following strategies for expanding civil rights would the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.have been most likely to support?

A)sabotaging the electricity supply to the homes of segregationist leaders
B)intimidating elderly whites to discourage them from supporting Jim Crow laws
C)boycotting stores that enforced segregationist policies
D)boycotting elections to underscore the problem of African American disenfranchisement

Question 57

If you thought you were getting an inferior public education because of your ethnicity,which part of the Constitution would you rely on most heavily to justify your case?

A)the First Amendment
B)the Thirteenth Amendment
C)the Fourteenth Amendment
D)the Nineteenth Amendment

Question 58

What was the Supreme Court's justification for overturning the separate-but-equal doctrine?

A)The Supreme Court did not have all of the facts when it adopted the separate-but-equal doctrine.
B)The separate-but-equal doctrine was never intended to apply to people.
C)The quality of life for African Americans in the South had deteriorated considerably since the adoption of the separate-but-equal doctrine.
D)Segregated schools stigmatize minority children and are inherently unequal.

Question 59

Of the following people,who could serve in the military under the "Don't Ask,Don't Tell" policy?

A)all gays and lesbians
B)gays but not lesbians
C)lesbians but not gays
D)closeted gays and lesbians

Question 60

How has the Equal Rights Amendment affected women's civil rights?

A)It has ensured that men and women are treated equally in the workplace.
B)It has ensured that the courts evaluate gender discrimination using the strict scrutiny test.
C)It has eliminated gender discrimination in the military.
D)It has had little effect because it was not formally adopted.

Question 61

What is the policy which stated that the military would not ask about the sexual orientation of soldiers,but that soldiers could not tell others if they were gay or lesbian?

A)affirmative action
B)"Don't Ask,Don't Tell"
C)14th Amendment
D)Equal Protection Clause

Question 62

Which of the following is a federal statute that requires gender parity in those schools that receive federal funds-which is nearly all schools?

A)Equal Rights Amendment
B)affirmative action
C)Title IX
D)equal protection policy

Question 63

In Windsor v.United States the Supreme Court reviewed DOMA.This case arose from a challenge to __________ that deny equal treatment to same-sex marriages.

A)federal estate tax laws
B)federal health care policies
C)federal payroll tax laws
D)state health care policies

Question 64

An act that prohibits racial discrimination in public accommodations involving interstate commerce.

A)Civil Rights Act of 1964
B)Civil Marriage Act of 2005
C)Voting Rights Act of 1965
D)Civil Rights Act of 1871

Question 65

The 1968 Civil Rights Act prohibited __________ discrimination on account of race.

A)housing
B)service
C)wage
D)military rank

Question 66

A failed proposal to amend the constitution to eliminate gender discrimination.

A)affirmative action
B)"Don't Ask,Don't Tell" policy
C)Equal Rights Amendment
D)equal protection argument

Question 67

The __________ declared that public treaties between the United States government and the independent Native nations would be the only legal means of obtaining Indian land.

A)Northwest Ordinance of 1787
B)Voting Rights Act
C)Five Civilized Tribes Act
D)Intercourse Act of 1790

Question 68

Another name for nonviolent direct action is __________.

A)discrimination
B)litigation
C)segregation
D)civil disobedience

Question 69

The Supreme Court has affirmed the right of consenting adults to engage in private sexual activity.

Question 70

The __________ Amendment guarantees African Americans the right to vote.

A)Equal Rights
B)Fourteenth
C)Fifteenth
D)Eighteenth

Question 71

Under __________,the Thirteenth,Fourteenth,and Fifteenth Amendments were adopted.

A)affirmative action
B)Jim Crow laws
C)Reconstruction
D)the equal protection argument

Question 72

The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.championed the use of nonviolent resistance/civil disobedience to advance civil rights.

Question 73

In Plessy v.Ferguson,the Supreme Court overturned the separate-but-equal doctrine that the Court had established in Brown v.Board of Education.

Question 74

Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 has expanded educational and sports opportunities for women students.

Question 75

The rights of individuals that government must protect from discriminatory treatment on the basis of classifications such as race,gender,and ethnicity are __________.

A)public policies
B)equal rights
C)civil rights
D)voting rights

Question 76

The Supreme Court decisions in Regents of the University of California v.Bakke __________.

A)legalized using affirmative action to achieve racial diversity
B)struck down the use of numerical quotas in affirmative action programs
C)ruled that the university was required to match the racial diversity of the students with the racial diversity of the staff
D)clearly defined what sorts of programs would be acceptable to achieve diversity

Question 77

Most Americans live in neighborhoods that are racially homogenous because of the continued existence of __________.

A)civil disobedience
B)de facto segregation
C)racial balance
D)occupational segregation

Question 78

Quotas are provisions of some affirmative action programs.

Question 79

American Indian tribes __________.

A)have a political status like a state
B)are considered members of quasi-sovereign entities
C)are governed by all state and federal laws and regulations
D)do not have the ability to make any public policies that are inconsistent with state law

Question 80

Which of the following is true under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?

A)Workplaces and government buildings do not need to be accessible to those who use a wheelchair.
B)Workplaces are not required to provide assistive telecommunications devices.
C)The ADA does not include provisions for those with mental disabilities.
D)Workplaces and government buildings must be made accessible to those who use a wheelchair.