Deck 14: Sampling Fundamentals

Question 1

Non-probability sampling allows the researcher to explicitly identify possible biases.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

A sampling frame must list all members of a target population.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

It is possible to obtain a representative sample of a population just by using common sense and judgment.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

A researcher who tries to better represent a population by combining lists of population members may have to face the problem of duplication.

Question 5

Systematic sampling is useful in sampling time periods.

Question 6

One way to overcome the problem of unlisted telephone numbers is to dial numbers randomly.

Question 7

In probability sampling, all members of a population have a known probability of being included in the sample.

Question 8

In simple random sampling, each population member has an equal probability of being selected.

Question 9

Subset problem, superset problem and intersection problem arise due to frame error, where the sampling frame is not representative of the population

Question 10

Systematic sampling involves systematically spreading the sample through a list of population members.

Question 11

A researcher's decision on a sampling unit may depend on how purchase decisions are made.

Question 12

A researcher can never go wrong by "overdefining" the target population.

Question 13

Determining the sample size in a stratified sampling plan involves identifying homogeneous subgroups.

Question 14

In cluster sampling, a random sample of subgroups is selected and all members of the subgroups become part of the sample.

Question 15

The term "sampling unit" is always used to refer to a "respondent."

Question 16

There is no evidence that people who are listed in the telephone book and those who are not listed are different.

Question 17

The definition of a target population is usually obvious and requires little attention from the researcher.

Question 18

Sampling works in cases where taking a census is not possible, or if the population of interest is homogenous

Question 19

Stratified sampling is useful when subgroups can be identified as representative of the whole population.

Question 20

A rule of thumb for determining sample size is to make sure that the largest subgroup to be analyzed contains 100 members.

Question 21

Sampling frame is a list of population members used to obtain a sample.

Question 22

Non-probability sampling is typically used in descriptive type of research.

Question 23

One way to stratify in a shopping center intercept study is by time segments.

Question 24

Call-backs are an attempt to reduce non-response.They are most effective with not-at-home non-respondents.

Question 25

A snowball design is very useful in reaching small, specialized populations.

Question 26

In judgmental sampling, the expert uses his judgment to identify the representative samples.

Question 27

Sampling errors can be minimized by decreasing the sample size.

Question 28

In a shopping center intercept study, the location used to intercept shoppers can affect the sample.

Question 29

Snowball sampling is judgmental sampling which includes a minimum number from each specified subgroup in the population.

Question 30

Sampling error is the difference in value between the population parameter and the sample statistic that occurs because of sampling.

Question 31

If a researcher's goal is to develop a sample representative of the population, equal weight should be assigned to each person interviewed in a shopping center intercept study.

Question 32

Disproportionate sampling can be used effectively when a subgroup of a population comprises a relatively small percentage of that population.

Question 33

Hidden biases in non-probability samples can be eliminated by increasing the sample size.

Question 34

Systematic sampling involves systematically spreading the sample through the list of population members.

Question 35

There are no justifications for using a convenience sample.

Question 36

Most of the marketing research projects employ traditional research methods with replacement.

Question 37

One technique for dealing with not-at-home is to predict their responses from a knowledge of respondents' frequency of being away from home.

Question 38

When the sample size is very small less than 10), a judgment sample may be more representative than a probability sample.

Question 39

Census is appropriate if the population size is large and the cost and time associated with obtaining the information is high.

Question 40

The efficiency of call-backs can be improved by systematically scheduling call-backs at the same time every day.

Question 41

Which of the following statements concerning probability sampling is not true?

A)The target population defines the research objective.
B)The definition of alternative target populations can nearly always be made.
C)The sample frame consists of a list of population members or of a procedure by which sampling units can be located.
D)When a choice exists, preference should be given to populations that are convenient to sample.
E)The specification of a target population should make clear what is excluded.

Question 42

Probability sampling involves which of the following should be considered? a) the target populations should be specified b) the method for sample selection c) sample size determination d) nonresponse problem e) all of the above

Question 43

When a sampling frame is larger than a population but contains all the population study objects, this is Termed a) superset problem b) subset problem c) intersection problem d) none of the above

Question 44

The advantage of probability over non-probability sampling is that the researcher can

Question 45

Linda Evans wants to do a study involving the population of Houston.She, therefore, divided the city into homogenous areas at random and drew a sample of 10 areas where she interviewed all households.This is an example of a) stratified sampling b) cluster sampling c) judgmental sampling d) multiplicity sampling e) systematic sampling

Question 46

Selection of every tenth subscriber to the New York Times is an example of

A)stratified sampling.
B)cluster sampling.
C)judgmental sampling.
D)random sampling.
E)systematic sampling.

Question 47

A subset problem is characterized by which of the following? a) population is larger than the sampling frame b) sampling frame is larger than the population c) some overlap of sampling frame and population d) none of the above

Question 48

Which of the following sets of sampling techniques contains only probability sampling technique? a) simple random sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling b) stratified sampling, judgmental sampling, systematic sampling c) convenience sampling, judgmental sampling, quota sampling d) quota sampling, cluster sampling, simple random sampling

Question 49

It is possible for on-line and traditional research methods to yield similar results Multiple Choice

Question 50

Which of the following is the most cost-effective probability sampling technique? a) stratified b) systematic c) cluster d) quota

Question 51

Which of the following sampling techniques represents an attempt to increase sampling net efficiency by increasing accuracy at a faster rate than costs? a) stratified sampling b) systematic sampling c) cluster sampling d) multistage sampling

Question 52

Compared to simple random sampling, the precision of systematic sampling from a sampling frame monotonically ordered on a variable related to the dependant variable is a) the same b) greater c) less d) cannot tell

Question 53

Which of the following is an example of sampling frame? a) one respondent b) a telephone directory c) the Bayesian approach d) none of the above

Question 54

"Heterogeneity within and homogeneity between" is the ideal state for a) cluster sampling b) stratified sampling c) disproportionate sampling d) judgmental sampling e) a and b

Question 55

In an international context, sampling may take place at a number of geographical levels.

Question 56

Which of the following sampling techniques employs both probability and non-probability sampling in selecting study objects ? a) multi-stage sampling b) double sampling c) sequential sampling d) snowball sampling

Question 57

A sampling frame is a) the list of elements included in the sample b) the list of items to be sampled from c) usually provides biased statistics d) is a form of non-probability sampling e) none of the above.

Question 58

The object of sampling is to obtain data that is representative of the population.

Question 59

Ronny Reagy divides the population of the purchaser of missile X into heavy and light users and then he samples from those groups.This is an example of ___________ sampling. a) cluster b) random c) judgmental d) stratified e) quota

Question 60

In international marketing research, non-probability sampling methods are more frequently used than probability sampling methods.

Question 61

An approach in which each population member, and thus each possible sample, has an equal probability of being selected is known as.

A)cluster sampling.
B)convenience sampling.
C)simple random sampling.
D)quota sampling.
E)snowball sampling.

Question 62

A ____________ usually is a list of population members used to obtain a sample

A)respondents.
B)sampling frame.
C)sampling unit.
D)superset.
E)snowball sample.

Question 63

A researcher is doing a study on champagne consumption.She has defined three different income groups and has assigned interviewers a specific number of interviews with respondents in each group.This is an example of

A)cluster sampling.
B)convenience sampling.
C)random sampling.
D)quota sampling.
E)snowball sampling.

Question 64

A researcher, involved in a study of the population of Houston, divided the city into city blocks and then drew a random sample of 200 city blocks.All households in the 200 blocks were interviewed. The researcher used

A)a simple random sample.
B)judgmental sampling.
C)snowball sampling.
D)cluster sampling.
E)systematic sampling.

Question 65

If a population is surveyed and error is observed, this error is known as

A)sampling error
B)data error
C)unit error
D)non sampling error.
E)unit error.

Question 66

Stratified sampling may be used when

A)subgroups that are representative of the whole population can be identified.
B)natural subgroups are more homogeneous than the population they come from.
C)an expert is available to identify a representative population.
D)the sample is very small.
E)none of the above.

Question 67

Which of the following statements about sample size is true?

A)A rule of thumb is to include at least two members from every subgroup to be analyzed.
B)If the sample size is very small, a judgmental sample may be more reliable and representative than a probability sample.
C)The determination of sample size should not involve cost.
D)Low sampling costs do not justify a larger sample.
E)None of the above.

Question 68

Sources of possible shopping center biases include

A)the choice of a shopping center.
B)the location in the shopping center from which respondents are drawn.
C)the time of day.
D)the fact that more frequent shoppers will be more likely to be selected.
E)all of these.

Question 69

A researcher who is faced with the problem of non-response can attempt to reduce the potential bias of the results by

A)replacing each non-respondent with a "matched" member of the sample.
B)making repeated contacts, or call-backs, with non-respondents.
C)improving the research design.
D)estimating the non-response bias.
E)all of these.

Question 70

Which of the following results in a non-probability sample?

A)Stratified sampling
B)Quota sampling
C)Systematic sampling
D)Cluster sampling
E)Multi-stage sampling