Deck 5: the Roman Republic

Question 1

IDENTIFICATIONS
Latium

Answer 1

Not answer

Question 2

The Greek historian Polybius described the Roman government in this fashion: "As for the Roman constitution, it had three elements, each of them possessing sovereign powers; and their respective share of power in the whole state had been regulated with such a scrupulous regard to equality and equilibrium, that no one could say for certain, not even a native, whether the constitution were an aristocracy or democracy or despotism." Is Polybius's description of the early Roman constitution an accurate one? Why or why not? Be specific.

Answer 2

Not answer

Question 3

IDENTIFICATIONS
consuls

Answer 3

Not answer

Question 4

What were the causes and the results of the Punic Wars?

Question 5

Compare and contrast Roman religion with the religion of the Greeks. How did its religion help Rome become such an important state?

Question 6

IDENTIFICATIONS
fasces

Question 7

IDENTIFICATIONS
praetors, quaestors, aediles, censors

Question 8

Compare and contrast the Roman family of the Republic with the Greek family of Periclean Athens. Can it be said that women had more rights and freedom in one of these societies than the other? Why or why not?

Question 9

To what extent, if at all, was Roman society and political culture original, a product not of outside influence but rather of relatively insular innovations?

Question 10

In the "struggle of the orders," what did the plebeians want and what did they succeed in getting? Can it be said that Rome became a democracy because of this struggle? Why or why not?

Question 11

IDENTIFICATIONS
paterfamilias

Question 12

IDENTIFICATIONS
Romulus and Remus

Question 13

Was Julius Caesar a man of the common people, or was he a tyrant in the making?

Question 14

IDENTIFICATIONS
imperium

Question 15

IDENTIFICATIONS
Etruscans

Question 16

IDENTIFICATIONS
Tiber River

Question 17

Taking into consideration Rome's treatment of Carthage, can Rome's acquisition of an empire be seen as anything more than murder and plunder on a grand scale, or did Rome's empire offer something better to those throughout the Mediterranean who were conquered?

Question 18

Discuss the role of the Senate, powerful generals, and politicians in the collapse of the Roman Republic.

Question 19

It has been said that Roman culture was not very original, only a copy of the Greek. Prove or disprove this idea.

Question 20

Why did the Roman Republic fail?

Question 21

IDENTIFICATIONS
Cato the Elder

Question 22

IDENTIFICATIONS
Roman Senate

Question 23

IDENTIFICATIONS
gentes

Question 24

IDENTIFICATIONS
Circus Maximus

Question 25

IDENTIFICATIONS
nomen, praenomen, gens, cognomen

Question 26

IDENTIFICATIONS
Roman confederation

Question 27

IDENTIFICATIONS
Twelve Tables

Question 28

IDENTIFICATIONS
Hannibal

Question 29

IDENTIFICATIONS
Roman citizenship

Question 30

IDENTIFICATIONS
colleges of pontiffs and augurs

Question 31

IDENTIFICATIONS
Cincinnatus

Question 32

IDENTIFICATIONS
grammaticus and the liberal arts

Question 33

IDENTIFICATIONS
Pyrrhus and victory

Question 34

IDENTIFICATIONS
Carthage and the Punic Wars

Question 35

IDENTIFICATIONS
Scipio Africanus and the Battle of Zama

Question 36

IDENTIFICATIONS
latifundia

Question 37

IDENTIFICATIONS
patricians and plebeians

Question 38

IDENTIFICATIONS
Jupiter Optimus Maximus

Question 39

IDENTIFICATIONS
clientage

Question 40

IDENTIFICATIONS
Struggle of the Orders

Question 41

IDENTIFICATIONS
Mark Antony and Cleopatra

Question 42

IDENTIFICATIONS
the Rubicon

Question 43

IDENTIFICATIONS
the Battle of Pharsalus

Question 44

IDENTIFICATIONS
Plautus and Terence

Question 45

IDENTIFICATIONS
Gaul

Question 46

IDENTIFICATIONS
Caesar's Commentaries

Question 47

IDENTIFICATIONS
Crassus and Sparticus

Question 48

IDENTIFICATIONS
Marius

Question 49

IDENTIFICATIONS
Julius Caesar

Question 50

IDENTIFICATIONS
First Triumvirate

Question 51

IDENTIFICATIONS
Octavian

Question 52

IDENTIFICATIONS
the Battle of Actium

Question 53

IDENTIFICATIONS
equites and nobiles

Question 54

IDENTIFICATIONS
ius civile, ius gentium, and ius naturale

Question 55

IDENTIFICATIONS
optimates and populares

Question 56

IDENTIFICATIONS
Second Triumvirate

Question 57

IDENTIFICATIONS
Cicero

Question 58

IDENTIFICATIONS
Sulla

Question 59

IDENTIFICATIONS
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

Question 60

IDENTIFICATIONS
concrete

Question 61

Rome was established in the first millennium B.C.E. on the

A) plain of Latium.
B) river Danube.
C) coast of the Aegean Sea.
D) foothills of the Alps.
E) toe of the Italian peninsula.

Question 62

Rome set a precedent for treating its vanquished foes after forming the Roman Confederation by

A) forcing slave labor on the populace of the defeated cities.
B) offering the most favored "allied" peoples full Roman citizenship, thus giving them a stake in successful Roman expansion.
C) slaughtering the citizens wholesale and selling the rest to pirates.
D) confiscating all the property of defeated peoples.
E) creating for the first time the citizen category of "plebian".

Question 63

Which of the following statements about Roman names is incorrect?

A) Three names became common in the later Republic.
B) The praenomen was the forename or personal name.
C) The nomen was the hereditary family name.
D) The cognomen was the hereditary family name.
E) Women usually had one name, the feminine form of the father's nomen.

Question 64

IDENTIFICATIONS
Sallust, Catullus, and Lucretius

Question 65

The people to the north of Rome who apparently ruled Rome for a century and heavily influenced Roman urban culture were the

A) Ligurians.
B) Gauls.
C) Samnites.
D) Etruscans.
E) Dorians

Question 66

Livy's account of Cincinnatus

A) was used to teach the Roman people the treachery of tyrant.
B) was written as an act of defense against the government.
C) tells the story of the founding of Rome.
D) tells how the virtues of duty and simplicity in the behavior of leaders enabled Rome to survive in difficult times.
E) justified the concept of divine right monarchy.

Question 67

The Struggle of the Orders

A) was a violent conflict between Rome's citizens and their slaves.
B) was a violent struggle between the patricians and plebeians.
C) was a peaceful struggle between the patricians and plebeians, won completely by the patricians.
D) was a peaceful revolution in which the plebeians were completely victorious.
E) was a peaceful struggle which resulted in political compromise.

Question 68

The Twelve Tables was/were

A) the meeting place of the Roman Senate.
B) used to record and inspire a new religious cult in Rome.
C) arts of the Roman festival celebrating spring's arrival.
D) the only place in Rome where patricians and plebeians could meet together.
E) the first formal codification of Roman law and customs.

Question 69

Originally the Roman Senate

A) was the chief legislative body of the Republic.
B) could only advise the magistrates in legal matters.
C) was the most important popular assembly.
D) saw its power wane by the third century B.C.E.
E) was the only body with total military authority.

Question 70

The Etruscans were

A) Greek-speaking cities in southern Italy.
B) pirates operating out of North Africa.
C) primitive hill tribes who lived in the Apennines.
D) the Roman priestly class.
E) an urban civilization to the north of Rome.

Question 71

The Roman Dictator

A) was a temporary executive during the period of the Republic.
B) exercised unlimited power for a period of usually six months.
C) was responsible for getting Rome involved in the Punic Wars.
D) all the above
E) a and b

Question 72

Imperium was

A) the duties which Roman citizens owed to the gods.
B) the power to command Roman citizens.
C) the right to collect taxes.
D) the privileges reserved to patricians.
E) the name of Roman children's favorite board game.

Question 73

For the Romans, Italy's geography

A) provided little productive land for agriculture.
B) divided the peninsula into small isolated communities.
C) made Rome a natural crossroads and an area easy to defend.
D) made the conquering of the Mediterranean a difficult task.
E) created the same difficult environment as in Greece, thus making political unity difficult.

Question 74

In their struggle with the patricians, Roman plebeians employed which of the following tactics:

A) a physical withdrawal from the state undercutting its military manpower
B) the formation of popular assemblies to lobby for more political reforms
C) open civil war
D) assassination of political opponents
E) a and b

Question 75

After the Latin revolt (440-338 B.C.E.) Rome

A) sacked, plundered, and destroyed the Latin cities.
B) gave the Latin cities complete independence.
C) isolated itself from other societies on the peninsula.
D) enrolled the Latin cities as military allies.
E) asked the Latin cities to be more understanding.

Question 76

As Rome expanded, it became Roman policy to govern the provinces with officials known as

A) consuls.
B) quaestors.
C) colonnae.
D) proconsuls and propraetors.
E) tribunes.

Question 77

The paterfamilias in Roman society was

A) a client to a patron or wealthy citizen.
B) the male head of the household.
C) an upper-class aristocrat.
D) a common person.
E) the male head of the family.

Question 78

IDENTIFICATIONS
Julian calendar

Question 79

In defeating the Greek city-states in southern Italy, Rome

A) employed mercenary armies from Persia and Asia Minor.
B) faced large, well-trained armies from the Greek colonies.
C) gained a sense of security and demobilized its military.
D) had to fight the soldiers of King Pyrrhus, sent against them by the Greeks.
E) relied upon a large and professional navy.

Question 80

The main achievement of the Hortensian law in Roman constitutional history was its

A) removal of patricians from civic government.
B) establishment of the death penalty for treason against the state.
C) ruling that all plebiscita passed by the plebeian assembly had the force of law and were binding even upon the patricians.
D) banishment of all Greeks law from the Roman legal system.
E) giving citizenship to non-Romans.