Deck 32: Structural Support and Movement

Question 1

The pelvic girdle's main function is to ____.

A)protect organs inside the pelvic cavity and support the weight of the upper body
B)protect organs inside the pelvic cavity and provide attachment for the lower body
C)support the weight of the upper body only
D)protect organs inside the pelvic cavity only
E)assist with bipedal walking

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Bones in fingers and toes are called ____.

A)hyoids
B)patellas
C)scapulas
D)clavicles
E)phalanges

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The mineral stored in greatest quantity in bones is ____.

A)sodium
B)iron
C)magnesium
D)calcium
E)sulfur

Answer 3

D

Question 4

A motor neuron and all the muscles under its control are collectively known as a(n) ____ unit.

A)end
B)movement
C)muscle
D)motor
E)coordination

Question 5

After sarcomere contraction, ____ breaks the cross bridge between myosin and actin.

A)calcium
B)a phosphate group
C)ADP
D)ATP
E)lactase

Question 6

​For an animal to move in one direction, it must exert a force in ____ direction.

A)​the same
B)​the opposite
C)​the same, then the opposite
D)​the opposite, then the same
E)​a circular

Question 7

The most immediate, but necessarily limited, source of energy for reformation of ATP in muscle cells is ____.

A)aerobic respiration
B)mitochondrial pathways
C)electron transport phosphorylation
D)creatine phosphate
E)anaerobic fermentation

Question 8

What is found in the central cavity of an adult long bone?

A)red marrow
B)yellow marrow
C)calcium deposits
D)collagen
E)spongy bone tissue

Question 9

A bone contained in the human pelvic girdle is the ____.

A)clavicle
B)humerus
C)hip bone
D)tibia
E)kneecap

Question 10

Four of the five answers below are correct statements about exoskeletons. Select the exception.

A)An exoskeleton consists of noncellular secreted material.
B)Repeatedly producing new exoskeletons uses resources that the animal could put toward growth and reproduction.
C)The exoskeleton is made of bone and cartilage.
D)The exoskeleton protects the soft body tissues inside it.
E)Exoskeletons exist in some invertebrates.

Question 11

What is the specific site of blood cell formation?

A)heart
B)blood vessel walls
C)red bone marrow
D)compact bone
E)yellow bone marrow

Question 12

​A strap of dense connective tissue that connects a skeletal muscle to bone is a(n) ____, while one that connects bone to bone at a joint is a(n) ____.

A)​tendon; ligament
B)​ligament; tendon
C)​cartilage; tendon
D)​ligament; cartilage
E)​tendon; cartilage

Question 13

Growth during the childhood years includes the conversion of ____ to bone.

A)blood
B)bone marrow
C)muscle
D)cartilage
E)loose connective tissue

Question 14

In spongy bone tissue, the spaces are filled with ____.

A)air
B)blood
C)cartilage
D)red bone marrow
E)lymph

Question 15

Which organisms have a hydrostatic skeleton with a soft body wall?

A)sea anemones
B)spiders
C)lobsters
D)crabs
E)cheetahs

Question 16

The ability to control defecation is possible because the anal sphincter is made of ____.

A)skeletal muscle
B)elastic connective tissue
C)fibrous connective tissue
D)tendon
E)cardiac muscle

Question 17

The mechanical force generated by a contracting muscle is ____.

A)muscle fatigue
B)a motor unit
C)muscle tension
D)a muscle twitch
E)tetanus

Question 18

The top (proximal end) of the femur joins to the ____.

A)patella
B)tibia
C)pectoral girdle
D)pelvic girdle
E)tarsals

Question 19

Which hormone slows bone deposition?

A)cortisol
B)calcitonin
C)estrogen
D)testosterone
E)growth hormone

Question 20

Where is calcium stored in muscle fiber cells?

A)T-tubules
B)sarcoplasmic reticulum
C)muscle fiber cell membrane
D)mitochondria
E)sarcomeres

Question 21

​Fast and ____ muscle fibers contract rapidly but do not produce sustained contractions, whereas slow and ____ muscle fibers contract slowly but can produce energy for long periods of time via aerobic respiration.

A)​white; red
B)​red; white
C)​striated; unstriated
D)voluntary; involuntary
E)​unstriated; striated​

Question 22

Which organisms have exoskeletons?

A)earthworms
B)humans
C)sea anemones
D)insects and clams
E)amphibians

Question 23

A sphincter is a ____.

A)ring of smooth muscle in a tubular organ or body opening
B)strap of connective tissue that connects bone to bone
C)strap of connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
D)ring of muscle at a body opening
E)longitudinal muscle at a body opening

Question 24

The bone in the upper arm is the ____.

A)radius
B)ulna
C)tibia
D)humerus
E)femur

Question 25

Which animals have a cartilaginous skeleton as an adult?

A)sharks
B)reptiles
C)humans
D)houseflies
E)earthworms

Question 26

The embryonic skeleton of all vertebrates is made of ____.

A)yellow bone marrow
B)elastic tissue
C)loose connective tissue
D)cartilage
E)muscle tissue

Question 27

The most common type of joint is the ____ joint.

A)bony
B)cartilaginous
C)elastic
D)fibrous
E)synovial

Question 28

Which skeletal muscle component includes all the others?

A)actin
B)myofibril
C)myosin
D)sarcomere
E)muscle fiber

Question 29

The bright red color of red muscle fibers comes from the presence of ____, exemplifying their role in producing ATP mainly by aerobic respiration.

A)blood
B)hemoglobin
C)carbon dioxide
D)sarcomeres
E)myoglobin

Question 30

Calcium release from bones is triggered by _____.

A)estrogen
B)progesterone
C)testosterone
D)parathyroid hormone
E)growth hormone

Question 31

The arrival of an action potential causes the release of ____ by the ____.

A)calcium; myofibrils
B)calcium; sarcoplasmic reticulum
C)sodium; myofibrils
D)sodium; sarcoplasmic reticulum
E)actin; myosin heads

Question 32

The main energy for prolonged muscle work comes from ____.

A)stored ATP
B)stored creatine phosphate
C)fermentation of carbohydrates
D)aerobic respiration of carbohydrates and fats
E)stored ADP

Question 33

To move, an animal must expend ____ to overcome the effects of ____ and friction.

A)oxygen; respiration
B)muscle contractions; fatigue
C)nutrients; motion
D)glucose; movement
E)energy; gravity

Question 34

Four of the five answers listed below are health impacts associated with prolonged sitting. Select the exception.

A)decreased LDL production
B)increased blood lipid concentration
C)increased cardiovascular disease
D)increased diabetes
E)increased uptake of fatty acids from the blood

Question 35

Most skeletal muscles cause movement of a body part by\ ____.

A)stimulating the contraction of another muscle
B)pushing on a bone
C)pulling on a bone
D)stimulating a joint to contract
E)pushing on a ligament

Question 36

The ability to extend a leg originates from ____.

A)contraction of ligaments
B)contraction of tendons
C)contraction of a muscle
D)lengthening of a muscle
E)relaxation of a synovial joint

Question 37

Most of the ATP used by a muscle during intense activity is produced by ____.

A)creatine phosphate
B)lactate fermentation
C)aerobic respiration
D)glucose
E)pyruvate

Question 38

The kneecap is the ____.

A)hyoid
B)patella
C)scapula
D)clavicle
E)phalanx

Question 39

The basic unit of contraction in a skeletal muscle is the ____.

A)myofibril
B)sarcomere
C)muscle fiber
D)myosin filament
E)actin filament

Question 40

Four of the five answers listed below are molecules that directly participate in muscle contraction within a muscle fiber. Select the exception.

A)acetylcholine
B)ATP
C)calcium
D)actin
E)myosin

Question 41

Match the type of animal movement with the adaptation that reduces friction or opposes gravity.
a.animals that creep or slither along surfaces
b.animals that swim
c.animals that fly
d.animals that jump
e.animals that walk or run
​Buoyancy to minimize effects of gravity.

Question 42

Match the following bone/joint terms with the proper description.
a.osteoporosis
b.bone remodeling
c.sprain
d.rheumatoid arthritis
e.arthritis
ligaments are overstretched or torn

Question 43

Match the type of animal movement with the adaptation that reduces friction or opposes gravity.
a.animals that creep or slither along surfaces
b.animals that swim
c.animals that fly
d.animals that jump
e.animals that walk or run
Reduce friction by secreting a lubricating mucus or adjust body so that only some portion touches the ground at one time.

Question 44

Match the type of animal movement with the adaptation that reduces friction or opposes gravity.
a.animals that creep or slither along surfaces
b.animals that swim
c.animals that fly
d.animals that jump
e.animals that walk or run
Limbs partially or fully elevate their body and only some feet touch the ground at any given time to reduce friction.

Question 45

Match the following bone/joint terms with the proper description.
a.osteoporosis
b.bone remodeling
c.sprain
d.rheumatoid arthritis
e.arthritis
autoimmune disorder where the body attacks the synovial joints

Question 46

Match the following bone/joint terms with the proper description.
a.osteoporosis
b.bone remodeling
c.sprain
d.rheumatoid arthritis
e.arthritis
chronic inflammation of a joint

Question 47

A bone contained in the human pectoral girdle is the ____.

A)clavicle
B)humerus
C)radius
D)tibia
E)ulna

Question 48

Match the type of animal movement with the adaptation that reduces friction or opposes gravity.
a.animals that creep or slither along surfaces
b.animals that swim
c.animals that fly
d.animals that jump
e.animals that walk or run
​Reduce friction by holding scales flat against the skin.

Question 49

Match the type of animal movement with the adaptation that reduces friction or opposes gravity.
a.animals that creep or slither along surfaces
b.animals that swim
c.animals that fly
d.animals that jump
e.animals that walk or run
Compression of elastic material is a form of stored energy that is released upon movement.

Question 50

Match the following bone/joint terms with the proper description.
a.osteoporosis
b.bone remodeling
c.sprain
d.rheumatoid arthritis
e.arthritis
bone is built and broken down throughout life

Question 51

Match the type of animal movement with the adaptation that reduces friction or opposes gravity.
a.animals that creep or slither along surfaces
b.animals that swim
c.animals that fly
d.animals that jump
e.animals that walk or run
Streamlined body reduces the effects of friction.

Question 52

Match the type of animal movement with the adaptation that reduces friction or opposes gravity.
a.animals that creep or slither along surfaces
b.animals that swim
c.animals that fly
d.animals that jump
e.animals that walk or run
The difference in air velocity across the two surfaces creates lift, an upward force that opposes gravity.