Deck 4: Cell Structure

Question 1

Figure 4.7

What is the structure labeled B in the accompanying figure?  

A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleoid
C) Plasma membrane
D) Capsule
E) Pilus

Answer 1

B

Question 2

One of the two main functions of the nuclear envelope is to ____.  

A) provide residence for ribosomes
B) allow separation of DNA from cytoplasm machinery
C) provide total isolation of nuclear components
D) enable faster cell division
E) enable larger cell size

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Groups of bacteria living together in a close-knit group are also known as ____.  

A) eukaryotes
B) pathogenic bacteria
C) monophylogenic cultures
D) biofilms
E) archaea

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is an organelle that pinches off portions of its membrane to form a transport vesicle?  

A) Mitochondrion
B) Chloroplast
C) Nucleolus
D) Golgi body
E) Peroxisome

Question 5

Figure 4.9

The part labeled "B" in the accompanying figure is ____.  

A) a nucleus
B) a Golgi body
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) a vacuole
E) a nucleoid

Question 6

Figure 4.7

What is the structure labeled F in the accompanying figure?  

A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleoid
C) Plasma membrane
D) Capsule
E) Pilus

Question 7

What microscope is best to use to view the features of cell organelles?  

A) Basic light microscope
B) Phase contrast light microscope
C) Nomarski process light microscope
D) Scanning electron microscope
E) Transmission electron microscope

Question 8

The jellylike mixture of water and solutes enclosed by a cell's plasma membrane is known as _____.  

A) cytosol
B) nucleus
C) organelle
D) plasma membrane
E) cytoplasm

Question 9

A biofilm is often attached to a solid surface and may include all of the following EXCEPT _______.  

A) bacteria
B) algae
C) fungi
D) pili
E) archaea

Question 10

Figure 4.9

The area labeled A is ____.  

A) a nucleus
B) chromatin
C) the endoplasmic reticulum
D) a vacuole
E) a nucleolus

Question 11

Figure 4.9

The part labeled "C" in the accompanying figure is ____.  

A) a nucleus
B) chromatin
C) the nuclear membrane
D) a vacuole
E) a mitochondrion

Question 12

What is a tenet of the cell theory?  

A) All organisms consist of more than one cell.
B) All living cells arise by division of preexisting cells.
C) Each cell makes its own hereditary material.
D) Each cell is composed only of products that it manufactures.
E) Cells may arise spontaneously under certain laboratory conditions.

Question 13

Figure 4.7

What is the function of the structure labeled G in the accompanying figure?  

A) Attachment
B) Locomotion
C) Protein-making
D) Breathing
E) Communication

Question 14

Prokaryotes ____.  

A) have a nucleus
B) have complex, usually membrane-bound organelles
C) always have cell walls
D) are either bacteria or archaea
E) always have flagella

Question 15

One generalization of the cell theory is that ____.  

A) all cells have a nucleus
B) all cells have cell walls
C) the cell is the smallest unit that displays the properties of life
D) cells can arise from nonliving matter
E) all cells are microscopic

Question 16

Figure 4.7

What occurs in the structure labeled A in the accompanying figure?  

A) Attachment
B) Locomotion
C) Protein-making
D) Breathing
E) Communication

Question 17

When a cell expands in diameter,volume increases by the ____ of the diameter,and surface area increases by the____ of the diameter.  

A) square; square
B) square; cube
C) cube; square
D) cube; cube
E) square root; square root

Question 18

What components of membranes are the most abundant?  

A) Carbohydrates
B) Sterols
C) Proteins
D) Fats
E) Phospholipids

Question 19

A small circle of DNA in some bacteria and archaea is known as ______.  

A) cytosol
B) ribosome
C) plasmid
D) pilus
E) biofilm

Question 20

Who was the first person acknowledged to have seen living,moving cells by using a microscope?  

A) Robert Hooke
B) Robert Brown
C) Galileo Galilee
D) Rudolf Virchow
E) Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Question 21

Which organelle contains powerful enzymes for digesting cellular waste?  

A) Golgi body
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Lysosome
E) Peroxisome

Question 22

Cilia and flagella are most similar in ____.  

A) length
B) the kinds of cells that have them
C) the number that cells usually have
D) their internal composition and structure
E) their location along the cell's periphery

Question 23

Where are proteins manufactured in cells?  

A) Golgi bodies
B) Vesicles
C) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
D) Lysosomes
E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 24

Figure 4.23A

The structure labeled A in the accompanying figure ____.  

A) prevent movement of materials between cells
B) are found in tissues subjected to stretching
C) allow the free passage of materials between cells
D) are found mostly in heart muscle
E) are found in most tissues except in the stomach

Question 25

Which of the following contain enzymes used in the breakdown of glucose and generation of ATP?  

A) Golgi bodies
B) Ribosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysosomes
E) Endoplasmic reticula

Question 26

Figure 4.16

What is a main function of the structure in the accompanying figure labeled B?  

A) It controls cell shape.
B) It separates DNA during cell division.
C) It helps nerve cells lengthen.
D) It is found in hair.
E) It helps regulate DNA replication.

Question 27

Lysosomes are specialized ____.  

A) ribosomes
B) peroxisomes
C) Golgi bodies
D) vesicles
E) plastids

Question 28

The cytoskeleton ____.  

A) extends between the nucleus and the plasma membrane
B) is found within the nucleus
C) is associated with only certain cell structures
D) is found within organelles
E) is found in all animal cells but not in cells with cell walls

Question 29

Figure 4.23A


-What are the structures labeled E in the accompanying figure?  

A) Plasmodesmata
B) Basement membranes
C) Tight junctions
D) Gap junctions
E) Adhering junctions

Question 30

What primary structures package cellular secretions for export from the cell?  

A) Golgi bodies
B) Ribosomes
C) Mitochondria
D) Lysosomes
E) Endoplasmic reticula

Question 31

Figure 4.16

What is a main function of the structure in the accompanying figure labeled A?  

A) It controls cell shape.
B) It separates DNA during cell division.
C) It helps nerve cells lengthen.
D) It is found in hair.
E) It helps regulate DNA replication.

Question 32

The space between the two membranes of the mitochondrion accumulates ____.  

A) proteins
B) H⁺
C) carbohydrates
D) H₂O₂
E) CO₂

Question 33

Which cell organelle is responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids?  

A) Golgi body
B) Ribosome
C) Mitochondrion
D) Lysosome
E) Peroxisome

Question 34

The mitochondrion harnesses the energy of the flow of ____ from its ____ compartment to its ____ compartment to generate ATP.  

A) CO₂; outer; inner
B) H₂O₂; outer; inner
C) H⁺; inner; outer
D) H⁺; outer; inner
E) CO₂; inner; outer

Question 35

The cell wall ____.  

A) provides physical support for plant cells
B) controls the transport of materials out of the cell
C) replaces the plasma membrane in plant cells
D) is found in all eukaryotes
E) prevents the transport of toxic substances into the plant cells

Question 36

What is a characteristic of the cell walls of mature plant cells?  

A) Pectin
B) Cellulose
C) Glue-like polysaccharides
D) Lignin
E) A gluey matrix containing rope-like strands

Question 37

Lamins are a type of ____.  

A) myosin
B) microtubules
C) intermediate filaments
D) microfilaments
E) actin

Question 38

Figure 4.23A

The structures labeled B in the accompanying figure _____.  

A) prevents movement of materials between cells
B) strengthens tissues by connecting to cell cytoskeletal elements
C) allows the free passage of materials between cells
D) is found mostly in stomach tissue
E) is found in most tissues except heart muscle

Question 39

Figure 4.23A


-Which structure in the accompanying figure is responsible for allowing entire regions of cells to respond to a single stimulus?  

A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E

Question 40

Which of the following is thought to be the descendant of ancient bacteria?  

A) Nuclei
B) Golgi bodies
C) ER
D) Mitochondria
E) Lysosomes

Question 41

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
a.Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.Package cellular secretions for export
d.Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.Store substances
h.Encode hereditary information
i.Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
Mitochondria

Question 42

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
a.Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.Package cellular secretions for export
d.Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.Store substances
h.Encode hereditary information
i.Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
Golgi bodies

Question 43

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
a.Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.Package cellular secretions for export
d.Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.Store substances
h.Encode hereditary information
i.Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
Chloroplasts

Question 44

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
a.Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.Package cellular secretions for export
d.Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.Store substances
h.Encode hereditary information
i.Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
DNA molecules

Question 45

Which property is true of living things?  

A) They are stable over time.
B) They are stable over many generations.
C) They use protein as their hereditary material.
D) They must obtain all organic molecules of life from external sources.
E) They require water.

Question 46

What is a defining feature of a eukaryotic cell?  

A) Cell wall surrounding the cell
B) Plasma membrane external to the cell wall
C) Internal membranes surrounding organelles
D) Ribosomes in the cytoplasm
E) Large vacuole for storage

Question 47

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.Ribosome
b.Mitochondrion
c.Lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.Endoplasmic reticulum
This organelle plays a role in cell defense.

Question 48

Which structure below is unique to organisms that harness solar energy to make sugar?  

A) Endoplasmic reticulum
B) Chloroplast
C) Plasma membrane
D) Chromosome
E) Nuclear envelope

Question 49

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
a.Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.Package cellular secretions for export
d.Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.Store substances
h.Encode hereditary information
i.Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
Central vacuoles

Question 50

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
a.Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.Package cellular secretions for export
d.Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.Store substances
h.Encode hereditary information
i.Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
Lysosomes

Question 51

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.Ribosome
b.Mitochondrion
c.Lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.Endoplasmic reticulum
The cellular digestion and disposal of biological molecules occurs inside this organelle.

Question 52

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
a.Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.Package cellular secretions for export
d.Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.Store substances
h.Encode hereditary information
i.Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
Microtubules

Question 53

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
a.Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.Package cellular secretions for export
d.Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.Store substances
h.Encode hereditary information
i.Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
RNA molecules

Question 54

What is a function of plastids?  

A) Aerobic respiration
B) Environmental sensing
C) Breakdown of ATP
D) Storage
E) Waste removal

Question 55

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.Ribosome
b.Mitochondrion
c.Lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.Endoplasmic reticulum
This organelle is the site of polypeptide assembly.

Question 56

Which item below is unique to eukaryotic cells?  

A) Cell wall
B) Plasma membrane
C) Nucleoid
D) Ribosomes
E) Vacuole

Question 57

Which characteristic of a chloroplast makes it appear green?  

A) The outer membrane
B) The inner membrane
C) The stroma
D) The plastid
E) The chlorophyll

Question 58

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
a.Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.Package cellular secretions for export
d.Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.Store substances
h.Encode hereditary information
i.Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
Ribosomes

Question 59

Choose the most appropriate description for each item.
a.Contain enzymes for intracellular digestion
b.Primary cellular organelles where proteins are assembled
c.Package cellular secretions for export
d.Extract energy stored in carbohydrates; synthesize ATP; produce water and carbon dioxide
e.Synthesize subunits that will be assembled into two-part ribosomes in the cytoplasm
f.Molecules that participate in protein synthesis
g.Store substances
h.Encode hereditary information
i.Help distribute chromosomes to the new cells during cell division
j.Convert light energy to chemical energy stored in the chemical bonds of glucose or starch
Nucleoli

Question 60

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.Ribosome
b.Mitochondrion
c.Lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.Endoplasmic reticulum
This two-part organelle is found in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 61

Classification. The following items are found in the extracellular matrix of plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.
a.Basement membrane
b.Primary cell wall
c.Pectin
d.Lignin
e.Cuticle
Composed primarily of cellulose

Question 62

Labeling. Label the parts of the model animal cell.

Cytoskeleton components

Question 63

Labeling. Label the parts of the model animal cell.

Golgi body

Question 64

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.Ribosome
b.Mitochondrion
c.Lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.Endoplasmic reticulum
Aerobic respiration occurs in this organelle.

Question 65

Classification. The following items are structures found in plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.
a.Amyloplast
b.Central vacuole
c.Plasmodesmata
d.Cell wall
e.Chromoplasts
Can be converted from chloroplasts during fruit ripening

Question 66

Classification. The following items are found in the extracellular matrix of plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.
a.Basement membrane
b.Primary cell wall
c.Pectin
d.Lignin
e.Cuticle
Connects the cytoplasm of adjoining plant cells.

Question 67

Classification. The following items are found in the extracellular matrix of plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.
a.Basement membrane
b.Primary cell wall
c.Pectin
d.Lignin
e.Cuticle
Sticky layer cementing adjacent plant cells

Question 68

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.Ribosome
b.Mitochondrion
c.Lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.Endoplasmic reticulum
This organelle comprises a smooth section and a rough section.

Question 69

Classification. The following items are structures found in plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.
a.Amyloplast
b.Central vacuole
c.Plasmodesmata
d.Cell wall
e.Chromoplasts
Abundant in the tubers of root crops such as potatoes

Question 70

Labeling. Label the parts of the model animal cell.

Microtubules

Question 71

Labeling. Label the parts of the model animal cell.

Microfilaments

Question 72

Classification. The following items are structures found in plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.
a.Amyloplast
b.Central vacuole
c.Plasmodesmata
d.Cell wall
e.Chromoplasts
May be involved in wound response in plants by allowing cell signaling

Question 73

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.Ribosome
b.Mitochondrion
c.Lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.Endoplasmic reticulum
The packaging of secretory proteins occurs in association with this structure.

Question 74

Labeling. Label the parts of the model animal cell.

Lysosome

Question 75

Classification. The following items are found in the extracellular matrix of plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.
a.Basement membrane
b.Primary cell wall
c.Pectin
d.Lignin
e.Cuticle
Found under a layer of epidermal cells or along capillaries

Question 76

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.Ribosome
b.Mitochondrion
c.Lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.Endoplasmic reticulum
This organelle has its own DNA.

Question 77

Labeling. Label the parts of the model animal cell.

DNA in nucleoplasm

Question 78

Classification. The following items are organelles found in animal cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these organelles.
a.Ribosome
b.Mitochondrion
c.Lysosome
d.Golgi body
e.Endoplasmic reticulum
This organelle is involved in lipid production and protein transport.

Question 79

Classification. The following items are found in the extracellular matrix of plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.
a.Basement membrane
b.Primary cell wall
c.Pectin
d.Lignin
e.Cuticle
Prevents water loss

Question 80

Classification. The following items are found in the extracellular matrix of plant cells. Respond to the statements below with reference to these structures.
a.Basement membrane
b.Primary cell wall
c.Pectin
d.Lignin
e.Cuticle
Makes older stems stronger and more waterproof