Deck 13: Careers and Work

Question 1

Which of the following statements about vocational choice is NOT accurate?

A)There are no limits on your career options.
B)Some career decisions are not easily undone.
C)You have the potential for success in a variety of jobs.
D)Vocational development will continue throughout your lifetime.

Answer 1

There are no limits on your career options.

Question 2

What you can derive from a job in terms of helping people,being creative,or shouldering responsibility is most closely associated with which of the following job characteristics?

A)Potential status
B)Working conditions
C)Intrinsic job satisfaction
D)Opportunities for advancement

Answer 2

Intrinsic job satisfaction

Question 3

Which of the following is the best predictor of the likelihood of making a good job choice?

A)Personal compatibility
B)Math aptitude
C)Identity
D)Level of intelligence

Answer 3

Personal compatibility

Question 4

Which of the following statements regarding gender bias on occupational interest inventories is accurate?

A)There is no evidence of gender bias on these inventories.
B)Gender bias existed in the past,but it has been eliminated.
C)Gender bias exists,but only for African-American women.
D)Gender bias has been reduced,but it has not been eliminated.

Question 5

Paula's parents taught her the importance of always being to work on time and showing deference to a supervisor's wishes.Most likely,Paula's parents

A)are a higher-status family.
B)are a lower-status family.
C)have college degrees.
D)are none of the above.

Question 6

In addition to the Occupational Outlook Handbook,people searching for information on occupations can find it

A)through online searching.
B)on over 50 subfields in psychology online.
C)through profession webpages.
D)all of the above.

Question 7

Good sources of information about job characteristics include

A)the Occupational Outlook Handbook.
B)literature from professional organizations.
C)current members of an occupation.
D)all of the above.

Question 8

The results of an occupational interest inventory are designed to

A)predict whether you would be successful in various jobs.
B)focus on recommendations for the career path you should follow.
C)indicate how similar your interests are to the typical interests of people in various jobs.
D)indicate whether your interests are consistent with job descriptions included in the Dictionary of Occupational Titles.

Question 9

Critics of occupational interest inventories have claimed that

A)several major occupational areas have been ignored.
B)they have helped channel women into gender-typed careers.
C)age-related bias in the instruments has increased in recent years.
D)they are biased toward certain ethnic groups.

Question 10

Jessica recently took an occupational interest inventory.Which of the following was it NOT likely to be?

A)Strong Interest Inventory
B)Kuder Career Search with Placement Match
C)Self-Directed Search
D)Minnesota Multiphasic Interest Inventory

Question 11

Which of the following is a key predictor of occupational status?

A)Years of education
B)Parents' expectations
C)Grade point average in high school
D)Score on occupational interest inventory

Question 12

The Occupational Outlook Handbook includes all of the following EXCEPT

A)salaries.
B)education requirements.
C)employer listings.
D)job descriptions.

Question 13

Key issues someone should know about an occupation include all of the following EXCEPT

A)extrinsic job satisfaction.
B)potential status.
C)future outlook.
D)ongoing training.

Question 14

If you wanted to develop a new occupational interest inventory,which of the following would be the best way to begin?

A)Find out what specific skills are needed to be successful in various jobs.
B)Ask job seekers what appeals to them about the jobs they're considering.
C)Examine the interests of people who enjoy their work in various occupations.
D)Survey people about the aspects of their jobs that are most important to them.

Question 15

Which of the following is an increasingly important specific aptitude?

A)Intelligence
B)Math aptitude
C)Identity
D)Social skills

Question 16

Psychologists who study human behavior in the workplace are called ____________ psychologists.

A)work
B)developmental
C)behavioral
D)industrial/organizational

Question 17

Which of the following instruments is designed to predict the career in which you might expect to find the most job satisfaction?

A)The Bem Self-Esteem Scale
B)The Strong Interest Inventory
C)The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule
D)Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT good vocational advice someone could give?

A)Keep looking for that one job that fits you perfectly.
B)Be cautious about choosing a career solely on the basis of salary.
C)Recognize that your career options will be limited to some extent by factors beyond your control.
D)Be prepared to reevaluate your vocational decisions at various times throughout your working life.

Question 19

According to recent research cited in the text, ___________________ has more influence on careers than ___________________ .

A)gender;ethnicity
B)ethnicity;gender
C)socioeconomic status;ethnicity
D)ethnicity;socioeconomic status

Question 20

Carlos is thinking of changing majors and career choice.He should find out

A)the location of a job.
B)what day-to-day duties and responsibilities would be expected.
C)whether his friends think it is a good idea.
D)all of the above.

Question 21

Because of pressure from his parents and friends,Larry is thinking more about his future career,and he has several possibilities in mind that he thinks are realistic.According to Super's developmental model of career choice,which of the following stages is Larry probably in?

A)Growth
B)Exploration
C)Maintenance
D)Establishment

Question 22

According to Super's developmental model of career choice,the second stage in vocational development is

A)growth.
B)exploration.
C)maintenance.
D)establishment.

Question 23

John Holland's model of career choice is generally considered a(n) ___________ approach.

A)trait
B)developmental
C)problem-based
D)aptitude-based

Question 24

Leah likes physical tasks that require lots of coordination,but not a lot of social skills.According to Holland's model of career choice,Leah would be considered a/an ___________ type.

A)social
B)realistic
C)enterprising
D)conventional

Question 25

According to Holland's model of career choice,a clinical psychologist would probably be considered a/an type.

A)artistic
B)realistic
C)investigative
D)conventional

Question 26

People who worry mainly about retaining their achieved status rather than improving it are probably in which of Super's developmental stages?

A)Decline
B)Exploration
C)Maintenance
D)Establishment

Question 27

According to Holland's theory of vocational choice,

A)we are likely to be satisfied with our first "real" job.
B)we seek a work environment that fits our personality.
C)career choice is determined primarily by our ability to adapt.
D)all of the above apply.

Question 28

According to Super's developmental model of career choice,which of the following stages involves making a commitment to a specific job and demonstrating the ability to function effectively in this job?

A)Growth
B)Exploration
C)Establishment
D)Maintenance

Question 29

Jasmine recently took a test measuring the most researched and most supported vocational psychology model. Jasmine was measured on the

A)James-Lange Model.
B)Emotional Intelligence Test.
C)Self-Directed Social Skills Model.
D)Holland Model.

Question 30

According to John Holland's trait measurement and matching model of career development,which of the following personal orientations would be most compatible with a job as a nurse?

A)Social
B)Realistic
C)Enterprising
D)Conventional

Question 31

Martin sometimes fantasizes that he would like to be a policeman or a detective,though he has no idea what would be required of him to hold such a job.According to Super's model of career choice,what is Martin's probable stage of life?

A)Growth
B)Exploration
C)Maintenance
D)Establishment

Question 32

Research suggests that choosing a career based on ___________ rather than ______________ leads to greater happiness.

A)money;status
B)projected earnings;potential status
C)meaning and purpose;money
D)naturally easy tasks;money

Question 33

According to Holland's model,people who like to use their social skills to persuade others,and who perceive themselves as self-confident,sociable,and popular,would most likely be considered as having the ________________ personal orientation.

A)social
B)artistic
C)enterprising
D)conventional

Question 34

Which of the following individuals would most likely be considered to have an artistic personal orientation according to Holland's model?

A)Someone who writes children's books
B)Someone who is an architect
C)Someone who coordinates social activities for his or her company
D)Someone who educates his or her company's employees about new software

Question 35

__________ is the critical factor in Super's model of career choice.

A)Self-esteem
B)Self-concept
C)Developmental crisis
D)Level of aspiration

Question 36

David is in Super's maintenance stage of vocational development.His primary concern is likely to be

A)committing to an occupation.
B)retaining the job status he has achieved.
C)how to make enough money to support his family.
D)whether he should return to school to improve his skills so he can advance.

Question 37

Super's decline stage involves

A)deceleration.
B)planning for retirement.
C)decreasing vocational activity.
D)all of the above.

Question 38

A hospital would be an example of an environment that is preferred by ______________ types.

A)social
B)realistic
C)enterprising
D)conventional

Question 39

According to Super's developmental model of career choice,decisions about work and career reflect

A)societal and parental pressure to succeed.
B)people's educational attainment prior to entering the workforce.
C)people's attempts to express their self­concept and changing views of themselves.
D)aspirations to attain lifestyles consistent with their interests.

Question 40

Which of the following individuals proposed an influential developmental model of career choice?

A)Nancy Betz
B)Roger Gould
C)John Holland
D)Donald Super

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT an important work-related trend?

A)Lifelong learning is a necessity.
B)More jobs will be in the service sector.
C)Temporary employment is decreasing.
D)Technology is changing the nature of work.

Question 42

The jobs of the next decade are most likely to be in which of the following areas?

A)Professional and service
B)Construction
C)Agriculture
D)Manufacturing

Question 43

When there is only one woman or minority person in an office,that person becomes a symbol of all the members of that group.This scenario illustrates which of the following concepts?

A)Tokenism
B)Job segregation
C)Sexual harassment
D)Affirmative action employee

Question 44

The higher-paying jobs go to college graduates

A)regardless of skills.
B)for men,but not for women.
C)with college-level reading,writing,and math skills.
D)if they become air traffic controllers.

Question 45

Women's vocational development is different from men's primarily because

A)men tend to be better trained for gender-neutral jobs.
B)women are less likely to experience labor force discontinuity.
C)women often subordinate their career goals to those of their husbands.
D)women with children one year old or younger generally don't work outside the home.

Question 46

In 2005,about ___________ of married women worked.

A)40%
B)60%
C)80%
D)90%

Question 47

Approximately what percentage of women is in the labor force today?

A)20%
B)40%
C)60%
D)80%

Question 48

In 1970,approximately _____________% of married women worked.While in 2005,approximately % of married women worked.

A)40;60
B)60;40
C)60;80
D)80;60

Question 49

One potentially negative outcome of diversity training is that

A)more underqualified minority workers are promoted into management positions.
B)more males are tracked into traditionally female-oriented jobs.
C)white males may feel blamed for all of the discrimination that befalls minority workers.
D)human resources personnel are attacked for discriminatory practices.

Question 50

Arnold is in charge of a large branch of government and Meg is in charge of a mom-and-pop small business. Regarding satisfaction with their employees' academic skill levels,as typical current employers,

A)both will be unhappy.
B)Meg will be happier than Arnold.
C)Arnold will be happier than Meg.
D)both will be happy.

Question 51

The relationship between years of education and income is

A)positive.
B)negative.
C)not significant.
D)shaped like an inverted U.

Question 52

Between 1975 and 1999,

A)the number of working women with children under the age of three increased over 20%.
B)the number of workers reared below poverty level declined sharply.
C)20% of working women left the full-time workforce to raise children at home.
D)discrimination against women and minorities in the workplace had almost completely ended.

Question 53

There appears to be a "glass ceiling" that

A)allows supervisors to evaluate the potential of their subordinates.
B)prevents white males from succeeding in traditionally female-oriented jobs.
C)prevents most women and ethnic minorities from advancing beyond middle management.
D)allows women and ethnic minorities to be trained for jobs in upper management.

Question 54

The United States,like many other industrialized nations,is shifting toward a

A)shorter work day but longer work week.
B)manufacturing or goods-producing economy.
C)bartering economy.
D)service-based economy.

Question 55

Laboratory studies have demonstrated that attaching an affirmative action label to an employee results in

A)the employee being considered a "token."
B)the creation of a "glass ceiling" in the workplace.
C)negative feelings directed toward the employee.
D)feelings of jealousy among the employee's coworkers.

Question 56

Jason,a minority group member,feels that his coworkers see him as a _________________ worker;consequently,he is likely to experience more ___________ pressure than the typical white male.

A)minority;stress
B)token;performance
C)minority;performance
D)token;stress

Question 57

Women and minorities are frequently passed over for promotion in favor of white men.This practice seems to be particularly problematic in which of the following kinds of jobs?

A)Traditionally blue-collar jobs
B)Higher levels of management
C)Positions in the area of human services
D)Jobs in which a graduate degree is necessary

Question 58

Which is NOT a common job stressor?

A)Perceived inequities
B)Pressure of deadlines
C)Lack of control over one's work
D)The monotony associated with regular hours

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a workplace trend?

A)Increased technology
B)More permanent jobs
C)New work attitudes
D)Less work/home boundaries

Question 60

Leaving the labor force,even for increasingly brief periods of time,is called

A)overemployment.
B)labor force discontinuity.
C)token employment.
D)re-employment disclamation.

Question 61

_____________ occurs when a worker is subjected to unwanted sexually oriented behavior.

A)Sexism
B)Job segregation
C)Sexual orientation
D)Sexual harassment

Question 62

A full-time workweek in the United States is

A)60 hours a week in law and finance.
B)48 hours a week on average.
C)up from 1990 to 2000.
D)all of the above.

Question 63

According to Robert Karasek,occupational stress is most likely to occur under which of the following conditions?

A)High psychological demands and low decision control
B)Low psychological demands and high decision control
C)Low psychological demands and low decision control
D)High psychological demands and high decision control

Question 64

Unemployment causes the most psychological distress for

A)teenagers.
B)young male adults.
C)young female adults.
D)middle-aged adults.

Question 65

Which of the following has NOT been shown to be an effect of high-stress jobs?

A)Anxiety.
B)Heart disease.
C)Depression.
D)All of the above have been related to occupational stress.

Question 66

Beverly is being sexually harassed.Which of the following is NOT likely to be one of her reactions?

A)Anger
B)Increased dedication to work
C)Increased alcohol consumption
D)Sexual maladjustment in her personal relationship

Question 67

Maria is uncomfortable in her job as a policewoman because her coworkers tell crude sexual jokes and hang centerfold pinups in the break room at the station.She is experiencing

A)quid pro quo hostility.
B)hostile environmental harassment.
C)job segregation.
D)employer-sponsored hostility.

Question 68

In which of the following ways can job stress have negative effects?

A)Industrial accidents
B)Absenteeism
C)Job performance
D)All of the above

Question 69

Individuals who are unemployed because their jobs have disappeared are called ____________ workers.

A)token
B)displaced
C)segregated
D)underemployed

Question 70

Marietta works as a cook.She is likely to have a __________ amount of stress,since her job is low in decision control and high in psychological demand.

A)high
B)low
C)impossible to tell
D)moderate

Question 71

_________________ is a psychological state characterized by exhaustion,cynicism,and poor job performance.

A)Anxiety
B)Burnout
C)Low decision control
D)Demand

Question 72

Billy is a mail worker where there is constant pressure to increase his speed and productivity.Psychologists would say Billy's job contains

A)low psychological demand.
B)high mental load.
C)low decision control.
D)low automatic load.

Question 73

Research indicates that the most effective response to sexual harassment is

A)confrontation/negotiation.
B)avoidance/denial.
C)social coping.
D)advocacy seeking.

Question 74

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the typical female victim of sexual harassment in the workplace?

A)Young
B)Married
C)Is in a nonsenior position
D)Works in a masculine-stereotyped field

Question 75

According to Robert Karasek,the two factors that play a key role in determining occupational stress are

A)decision control and employee autonomy.
B)psychological demands and decision control.
C)employee autonomy and relationship with superior.
D)relationship with superior and psychological demands.

Question 76

Over _____________ of the workers in the United States claim their jobs are stressful.

A)75%
B)65%
C)55%
D)45%

Question 77

Marti used to enjoy her job,but recently she has been performing poorly,feeling exhausted and cynical.Marti may have

A)anxiety.
B)burnout.
C)low decision control.
D)demand.

Question 78

Grace was told that if she wanted a promotion,she had to let the boss fondle her breasts.Which of the following types of harassment is being perpetrated?

A)Quid pro quo
B)Environmental
C)Job segregation
D)Employer-sponsored

Question 79

Which of the following is NOT a factor in U.S.worker stress?

A)Working in service industries
B)Unpredictable economy
C)More diversity in the workplace
D)Minimum number of sick days required

Question 80

Jobs with _____________ and _____________ are considered the most stressful.

A)low psychological demands;high decision control
B)high psychological demands;high decision control
C)low psychological demands;low decision control
D)high psychological demands;low decision control