Deck 5: Analyzing Your Audience and Purpose

Question 1

Although many aspects of private life and community life differ from culture to culture, in most developed countries business is conducted in more or less the same way.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Why did Microsoft have trouble promoting its search engine in China?

Answer 2

not answered

Question 3

The following passage would be appropriate for a document aimed at a multicultural audience:
Two companies found themselves in the financial equivalent of sudden-death overtime. The first to raise the necessary capital would be the one to survive.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Chapter 5 describes three categories of audience. What are they?

Question 5

Chapter 5 lists seven categories of cultural variables that lie "on the surface." Two of these categories of variables are political and economic. Name two more.

Question 6

Why are graphics especially useful when communicating with people from other cultures?

Question 7

The point of learning about your audience is to use that information to tailor a document to fit the audience's needs.

Question 8

In some cultures, it would be considered rude to create a document that contains information the audience already knows.

Question 9

When working with a reader who is hostile to your subject or to your approach to the subject, you should first state your position, followed by your rationale for that position.

Question 10

As you complete assignments, why should you consider not only your instructor's expectations but also the audience and purpose specified in those assignments?

Question 11

Why are LinkedIn profiles a particularly useful resource for learning about one's audience?

Question 12

Social-media activities can provide an organization with significant information about members of their target audiences.

Question 13

According to Chapter 5, a good way to learn about your readers' preferences is to read documents they have written.

Question 14

According to Chapter 5, for what primary purposes do private companies use social-media data?

Question 15

Chapter 5 suggests that, in addition to education, you should consider six other individual characteristics of readers. What is one other individual characteristic listed in the chapter?

Question 16

In considering your audience's education, you should focus primarily on the types of academic degrees readers have earned.

Question 17

According to Chapter 5, if you think your document will have a number of readers, you should consider writing a variety of documents addressed to different kinds of readers.

Question 18

Chapter 5 lists three specific reasons a writer should analyze his or her audience during the planning phase. One is so that the document the writer creates appeals to the audience's interests and needs. What are the other two reasons?

Question 19

According to Chapter 5, how do public agencies use social-media data?

Question 20

Interviews are great for learning from your audience but not for learning about your audience.

Question 21

Your company has completed an audience analysis for the manual you are writing for users of a new accounting system. The manual will be given to the 750 employees in the company's accounting department. Some members of the audience are experienced accountants and others are not; some have MBA degrees and others have bachelor's or associate's degrees; some were recently hired and some are long-term employees; some are managers and some are bookkeepers. How might you best accommodate your audiences?

A) Include different sections for the different audiences.
B) Write the manual to the lowest level of the audience.
C) Write the manual to the highest level of the audience.
D) Prepare an audience profile sheet.

Question 22

Chapter 5 identifies seven categories of cultural variables "on the surface." One category is political. Which of these is NOT one of the categories of surface cultural variables?

A) economic
B) social
C) religious
D) philosophical

Question 23

You are writing a proposal to restructure your department's organizational chart. Your manager was a member of the committee that originally set up the department's current structure. Which purpose statement would be best for a proposal to your manager?

A) The purpose of this proposal is to show how we can reorganize our department to improve our efficiency while keeping intact the values that have allowed us to succeed to this point.
B) The purpose of this proposal is to show how to solve all of our productivity problems and remove all the barriers to effective communication.
C) The purpose of this proposal is to show why it's time for "out with the old and in with the new."
D) The purpose of this proposal is to explain why we have no choice but to scrap our ineffective organizational structure.

Question 24

Which phrase best defines the purpose of a workplace document?

A) what you want to accomplish with the document you are producing
B) what you propose to do when you receive permission
C) what you want to display in words or images
D) what you want to document for clarity

Question 25

You are writing a report about new regulations that affect your company. Members of your primary audience of company executives are very busy and will read your report quickly, but secondary- and tertiary-audience members are likely to read more slowly and carefully. Which of the following options is most appropriate for your situation?

A) Include detailed footnotes on each page.
B) To save time, omit the executive summary and put more details in the body of your report.
C) Follow the patterns of writing that were successful for you in college English and history classes.
D) Break your report into modules and put highly detailed information in an appendix.

Question 26

According to Chapter 5, which approach is best when writing for multiple audiences?

A) a linear approach
B) an experiential approach
C) a modular approach
D) an attitudinal approach

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a good strategy to use if you know your reader is hostile to your subject?

A) Address the reader's objections directly in your document.
B) Explain the benefits of what you are proposing before giving your recommendation.
C) Focus on the positive and avoid all mention of any possible objections.
D) Avoid describing the subject as a dispute.

Question 28

Which of the following mistakes did McDonald's make when it printed takeout bags decorated with flags from around the world?

A) The bags showed a pair of hands holding a flag in a way that customers in some cultures would interpret as an obscene gesture.
B) The bags showed a Saudi flag, which depicts holy scripture from the Koran. The Saudis were offended because these bags would be thrown out.
C) The writing on the bags was in English, which offended numerous nonnative speakers.
D) Some of the flags were labeled with the wrong country names.

Question 29

You are writing a report advocating that your company increase its use of social media. Your manager has said several times that she does not like to mix social media and business. She has pointed out several social-media problems that other companies have created for themselves. Which purpose statement would be best for a report to your manager?

A) The purpose of this report is to show how the coolest social-media apps can deliver content to a hip, urban audience.
B) The purpose of this report is to prove that social-media disasters rarely happen and that social media are the wave of the future.
C) The purpose of this report is to demonstrate how the speed and flexibility of social media can help our company reach a growing audience of young adults with controlled, targeted messaging.
D) The purpose of this report is to show how our company can get on the social-media bandwagon before it is too late.

Question 30

Which terms below are used in Chapter 5 to describe types of audiences?

A) fundamental and supplemental
B) primary, secondary, and tertiary
C) expert and non-expert
D) internal and external

Question 31

One way to learn about the primary reader of your document is to interview people who know him or her. Which of these questions is NOT likely to help you learn useful information about your primary reader?

A) Does this person prefer to read hard-copy documents or electronic documents?
B) Does this person prefer to read detailed information or a summary that provides a big picture?
C) Does this person tend to review the sources listed in a bibliography after reading a report?
D) Does this person attend chapter meetings of professional associations?

Question 32

Chapter 5 offers eight guidelines for writing for readers from other cultures. Which of the following is NOT one of those guidelines?

A) Limit your vocabulary.
B) Use the active voice whenever possible.
C) Use icons rather than text as much as possible.
D) Avoid idioms and slang.

Question 33

Which of these is NOT a variable "beneath the surface" of daily life in a culture?

A) distance between ranks
B) need for details to be spelled out
C) prevalence of technology
D) distance between business and private life

Question 34

You need to find out more about the buying behavior of a large audience. Which of the following techniques is most likely to help you find this information?

A) interviewing people
B) checking LinkedIn profiles
C) reading about your audience online
D) analyzing social-media data

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a reason to use an audience profile sheet for a writing project?

A) It prompts you to ask questions about your target audience.
B) It helps you remember what you've learned about your target audience.
C) It helps you realize when you need to learn more about your target audience.
D) It gives you a way to tell your audience what you know about them.

Question 36

You work for a semiconductor manufacturer. You are writing a quarterly report on the activities within your section of the company. One of the people who will read your report is Lila Waltman, divisional vice president. You search online for information about her. Which piece of information is most likely to help you as you write the report?

A) She is an active member of the local chapter of IEEE, a professional society for the electronics industry.
B) She is an active member of the local chapter of her university's alumni association.
C) She is an active member of the community board for a local animal shelter.
D) She is an active member of a distance-running group.

Question 37

According to Chapter 5, what should you do once you have analyzed your audience and purpose?

A) Begin drafting.
B) Conduct research.
C) Get management's approval.
D) Outline the document.

Question 38

Chapter 5 discusses certain variables that lead to differences among cultures. Which of these statements about cultural variables is true?

A) Different organizations within the same culture can vary greatly.
B) Cultural variables line up in clear, predictable patterns.
C) Each variable represents a small number of attitudes.
D) An organization's cultural attitudes tend to be static over time.

Question 39

Which of the factors listed below did the writer of the following memo fail to take into account? TO: University Faculty Advisers
FROM: David Gates, Ph.D., Department of Psychology
SUBJECT: New course offered-PSYC 499, Self-Fulfillment in a Global Society
Enclosed is a flyer briefly describing PSYC 499. After you read through the flyer, post it in a conspicuous place, e.g., on your door. Or, better yet, make copies and hand them out in your class. The course will explore how individuals in our society can maintain a sense of self in these increasingly uncertain times. So tell students in your courses and your advisees about this new timely course.

A) readers' education and professional experience
B) readers' personal characteristics
C) readers' attitudes and expectations
D) the physical or digital environment in which readers will read the document

Question 40

Which of these is an easily observed, "surface" cultural variable?

A) tolerance of uncertainty
B) distance between ranks
C) distance between business and private life
D) prevalence of religion