Deck 9: Development

Question 1

Processing of computer information is an example of which sector of the economy?

A) sixth percentile
B) primary and secondary
C) primary
D) tertiary
E) the data sector

Answer 1

D

Question 2

People are more productive in more developed countries because they

A) work harder.
B) have access to more technology.
C) have a low amount of value added per person.
D) are consistently better educated.
E) understand their jobs better than workers in less developed countries.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which is the least developed region among the following?

A) North America
B) Eastern Europe
C) Southwest Asia
D) Western and Central Europe
E) East Asia

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The secondary sector of the economy includes which of the following?

A) data processing
B) mining
C) government
D) construction
E) banking

Question 5

The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy is

A) gross domestic product.
B) productivity.
C) tertiary sector analysis.
D) market value.
E) value added.

Question 6

In MDCs, employment is increasing more rapidly in which of the following sectors?

A) farming
B) primary
C) secondary
D) tertiary
E) fishing

Question 7

Per capita GDP is a poor indicator of which of the following?

A) the approximate level of material well being in a country
B) the number of countries below the poverty level
C) the distribution of wealth within a country
D) the spatial distribution of global wealth
E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life

Question 8

A country that has a higher level of development exhibits a(n)

A) improvement in material conditions.
B) growth of the output of goods and services.
C) improvement of a product compared to the needed labor.
D) division of jobs into different sectors.
E) growth of political institutions.

Question 9

The IHDI of Latin American countries is

A) inferior to that of Canada and most Western European countries.
B) greater than the United States but less than Canada.
C) inferior to that of Canada but superior to most Western European countries.
D) greater than that of Canada and twice as great as that of the United States.
E) inferior to Western European countries and far superior to Canada.

Question 10

Which of the following is an indicator of a country's level of development?

A) the number of millionaires
B) the number of newspapers
C) crude death rate
D) natural death rate
E) natural increase rate

Question 11

The primary sector of the economy includes which of the following?

A) data processing
B) beverage bottling
C) government
D) sheep herding
E) banking

Question 12

In less developed countries, consumer goods such as telephones, televisions, and motor vehicles are

A) available for sharing by a large number of people.
B) unknown and unfamiliar to most people.
C) essential to rural life.
D) familiar to many but owned by relatively few.
E) available only through local manufacture.

Question 13

________ is an example of a secondary sector activity.

A) Banking
B) Farming
C) Manufacturing
D) Secondary education
E) Professional football

Question 14

Examples of material conditions include

A) drinking water and sewage systems.
B) systems of thought.
C) religious institutions.
D) division of jobs into different sectors.
E) political institutions.

Question 15

The inequality-adjusted human development index of the United States is

A) inferior to that of Canada and most Western European countries.
B) greater than any other country in the world.
C) inferior to that of Canada but superior to most Western European countries.
D) greater than Canada because a higher percentage of people in the United States have quality health care.
E) inferior to Western European countries but far superior to Canada.

Question 16

The total value of the output of goods and services in a year in a country is its

A) gross national income.
B) primary economic sector.
C) productivity index.
D) value added.
E) gross domestic product.

Question 17

An example of a primary sector activity is

A) education.
B) manufacturing.
C) banking.
D) retailing.
E) mining.

Question 18

Per capita GDP is a good indicator of which of the following?

A) the approximate level of spiritual well being in a country
B) the number of countries below sea level
C) the distribution of wealth within a country
D) the political dimensions of a population
E) potential for providing all citizens with a comfortable life

Question 19

Gross domestic product (GDP) is the

A) total value of the outputs minus inputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year.
B) total value of exports of goods and services produced in a country during a year.
C) total value of outputs of goods and services produced in a country during a year.
D) total value of human capital development in a country during a year.
E) total value of investments made in domestic and foreign sources of revenue during a year.

Question 20

Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of

A) literacy.
B) childhood mortality.
C) infectious disease.
D) illiteracy.
E) environmental pollution.

Question 21

Since 1990, most countries have seen an increase in

A) gender equality.
B) gender inequality.
C) gender indices.
D) economic indices.
E) market forces.

Question 22

Which of the following is not an indicator of global gender inequality?

A) Women on average have only two-thirds of the income of men in MDCs.
B) Women have much lower incomes than men in LDCs.
C) Female life expectancy is less than males in every country of the world.
D) Female literacy is much lower than males in Sub-Saharan Africa.
E) Women hold less than one-fourth of managerial jobs in LDCs where data are available.

Question 23

Petroleum reserves in Southwest Asia and North Africa are

A) clustered primarily in the Persian (Arabian) Gulf states.
B) dispersed throughout the region.
C) concentrated primarily along the Mediterranean Sea.
D) primarily in Syria and Iraq.
E) clustered in fields along the western shore of the Red Sea.

Question 24

The Chernobyl incident in 1986 involved

A) a nuclear explosion high in the atmosphere.
B) a nuclear missile that misfired and exploded.
C) a nuclear power accident.
D) a massive leak and fire at an oil exploration platform.
E) an explosion and fire at a natural gas field.

Question 25

The difference in per capita GDP between the more developed and less developed regions is

A) widening.
B) remaining constant.
C) decreasing.
D) zero.
E) cycling up and down.

Question 26

In terms of the GII, most African countries have

A) rates far below the United States and Western Europe.
B) rates that exceed the United States and Western Europe owing to African investment in centers of higher learning.
C) rates that are greater than the United States but less than Europe.
D) core-periphery models.
E) weak national economies.

Question 27

The North American region has high rates of material development but troubling levels of

A) wealth.
B) inequality.
C) financial and management services.
D) spiritual development.
E) educational attainment.

Question 28

The United States has

A) lesser coal and natural gas reserves than China.
B) greater natural gas reserves than Russian and lesser coal reserves than China.
C) a greater concentration of coal reserves in the Gulf of Mexico.
D) more coal reserves than China or Russia.
E) less coal than any other large country.

Question 29

Gender inequality is a challenge to development because

A) it leads to larger family sizes.
B) it is associated with higher literacy rates and lower infant mortality rates.
C) it excludes all women from both the formal and informal economy.
D) it greatly enhances the economic and social mobility of women.
E) men are responsible for all economic development in impoverished areas.

Question 30

Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have lower

A) percentages of GDP spent on education.
B) literacy rates.
C) numbers of teachers available per pupil.
D) numbers of years attending school.
E) amounts of spending per student.

Question 31

Analysis of the maps in this chapter shows that the United States has petroleum production

A) sufficient to meet its needs without further imports.
B) that is now completely shut down due to taxation.
C) inferior to nearly every other country.
D) at significant levels but must still import oil from other countries.
E) at levels greater than any other country.

Question 32

Analysis of the maps in this chapter shows that the United States has natural gas fields in

A) Texas but not Oklahoma.
B) the Gulf of Mexico but not the Midwest.
C) the East but not the West.
D) many different areas.
E) the North but not the South.

Question 33

Since 1990, most countries have seen a decline in previous patterns of

A) gender inequality.
B) gender equality.
C) economic inequality.
D) gender dynamics.
E) innovative agricultural methods.

Question 34

The maps of U.S. natural gas fields in this chapter show that the United States has

A) few natural gas fields in Texas and Ohio.
B) the greatest concentration of gas fields in Illinois and Wisconsin.
C) a greater concentration of natural gas fields in the north.
D) a high concentration of natural gas fields in the Gulf of Mexico.
E) the lowest number of natural gas fields in Oklahoma and Texas.

Question 35

Severe gender inequality is a challenge to development because

A) it leads to smaller family sizes, and families with fewer child laborers cannot earn enough money to pay for their rent and utilities.
B) it is associated with higher literacy rates, higher economic vitality, and lower infant mortality rates.
C) it excludes men from the informal economy, wasting a major economic asset.
D) it severely limits the economic and social mobility of women, as well as families that are headed by women.
E) it does not allow men and boys the freedom to attend the schools and seek the jobs that are best suited to them.

Question 36

Even though a higher percentage of GDP is spent on education in less developed countries,

A) more women than men have access to education in LDCs.
B) LDCs spend less per pupil than MDCs.
C) LDCs have smaller average class sizes than MDCs.
D) literacy rates are higher in urban areas of LDCs than in many MDCs.
E) levels of educational attainment are higher in LDCs.

Question 37

Although there are fewer developed countries in the world, altogether they consume about ________ energy as LDCs.

A) twice as much total
B) the same amount of total
C) five times as much total
D) half as much nonrenewable energy but five times as much renewable
E) one-tenth as much

Question 38

If a country has a large number of publishers and globally esteemed universities, you might surmise that the country is most likely

A) neither an LDC nor an MDC.
B) an MDC.
C) an LDC.
D) an LDC that has some of the world's top universities.
E) an MDC that has some of the world's lowest literacy rates.

Question 39

Saudi Arabia has successfully employed the international trade alternative primarily because of

A) consumer spending.
B) petroleum reserves.
C) regional cooperation.
D) traditional social customs.
E) its strategic distribution location.

Question 40

The Gender Inequality Index (GII)

A) compares the level of development of women in a country to the average development level of women in the world.
B) compares the levels of indicators for females to those of males within a country.
C) is composed of the same measures as the HDI but is applied only to women instead of the entire population.
D) combines economic and political indicators of empowerment.
E) cannot be used as an indicator of development in the United States.

Question 41

According to the international trade approach to development, a country should identify all but which of its following assets?

A) abundant agricultural products
B) high quality manufactured goods
C) imports that it should limit
D) international consumer preferences
E) abundant mineral resources

Question 42

Traditional barriers to international trade have included

A) low taxes on imports.
B) making domestic goods more expensive.
C) eliminating quotas on imports.
D) requiring licenses for importers.
E) strong domestic and international demand.

Question 43

What do critics charge are some effects of Structural Adjustment Programs for refinancing loans to LDCs?

A) more efficient civil service
B) diverting investment from weapons and training for the military to social needs such as health and education
C) investment benefiting the poor, not just the elite
D) more dissemination of information to the public
E) workers in state enterprises losing their jobs and support for dependent citizens being cut

Question 44

According to Rostow's development model, the process of development begins when

A) a high percentage of national wealth is allocated to nonproductive activities.
B) an elite group initiates innovative activities.
C) take-off industries achieve technical advances.
D) workers become more skilled and specialized.
E) banking institutions are sufficiently mature.

Question 45

Development prospects are limited in some North African countries because of

A) the lack of colonization and trade with Europe.
B) poor leadership.
C) the great amount of petroleum controlled by OPEC.
D) their limited reserves of petroleum.
E) overworked agricultural land and declining output.

Question 46

Which one of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A) The higher the GDP of a country, the more equal its income distribution.
B) The primary sector accounts for a larger share of GDP for LDCs than MDCs.
C) Workers in MDCs are more productive than those in LDCs.
D) The HDI is a function of economics, social, and demographic indicators.
E) Women participate in formal and informal economies even in LDCs with high levels of gender inequality.

Question 47

Sub-Saharan Africa has seen some development because of

A) the colonial legacy, which has benefited every country in the region.
B) poor leadership.
C) the capacity of land to produce food.
D) investment in the infrastructure of port cities, despite ignoring infrastructure in many other areas.
E) overworked agricultural land and declining output.

Question 48

If the per capita GDP in a given country is about $1,500, this indicates that it is a

A) petroleum exporting state.
B) less developed country.
C) more developed country.
D) country with a high gross domestic product.
E) country with evenly distributed wealth.

Question 49

The Chernobyl incident occurred

A) in the United States.
B) in Cuba.
C) in the Soviet Union.
D) in India.
E) in China.

Question 50

The large percentage of population involved in agriculture in China indicates that

A) the country imports most of its food.
B) few people are unemployed.
C) most people consume an inadequate amount of calories.
D) most people must produce food for their own survival.
E) factory production cannot expand.

Question 51

In contrast to the international trade approach, the self-sufficiency approach to development

A) begins when an elite group initiates innovative activities.
B) attempts to result in uneven resource development. and market correction indices.
C) suffers from market stagnation.
D) attempts to spread investment through all sectors of the economy.
E) attempts to identify appropriate developmental stages.

Question 52

The major economic asset of the Russian region is

A) Asia's greatest levels of agricultural productivity.
B) the development of tertiary industries.
C) the production of consumer goods.
D) its oil reserves.
E) diversified industrial manufacturing.

Question 53

The biggest problem in promoting development through the international trade alternative is

A) increased demand for many goods.
B) increased price of petroleum.
C) regional cooperation.
D) unequal distribution of resources.
E) consumer demand expanding faster than manufacturing can increase.

Question 54

All of the following are considered more developed regions except

A) Southwest Asia and North Africa.
B) North America.
C) Australia and New Zealand.
D) Europe.
E) Western Europe.

Question 55

Southwest Asia and North Africa may become more developed primarily because of what characteristic?

A) abundant petroleum reserves
B) desert climate
C) Islamic religious principles
D) democratic reforms
E) dictatorships

Question 56

Population density was traditionally low in North Africa because of

A) its wet climate.
B) its dry climate.
C) Dutch colonial activity.
D) its high arithmetic density.
E) its low fertility rates.

Question 57

The highest levels of development within Latin America are generally found in

A) Central America.
B) the Caribbean islands.
C) the interior of South America.
D) southern South America.
E) the countries on the Caribbean coast of South America.

Question 58

Examining the sub-national variation in development for many countries, such as Brazil, China, or Mexico, reveals

A) development can be attributed only to outside forces.
B) cities are relatively underdeveloped compared to the agricultural lands.
C) wealth is concentrated in the cooler, mountainous regions.
D) almost no variations in wealth and development exist between different subnational regions.
E) substantial variations in development exist at subnational scales.

Question 59

The biggest problem faced by less developed countries in financing development is

A) trade negotiations with more developed countries.
B) identifying unique economic assets.
C) inability to repay loans.
D) promoting dependency.
E) currency inflation.

Question 60

The principal benefit of the self-sufficiency approach is to promote

A) balanced growth of all economic sectors.
B) global competitiveness for local industries.
C) the maintenance of a large bureaucracy.
D) unequal distribution of resources.
E) international trade.

Question 61

Many countries are clustered at the median of the development continuum.

Question 62

Southwest Asia & North Africa and Latin America are the less developed regions with the most favorable balance between population and resources.

Question 63

Explain why the crude death rate is not an indicator of the level of a country's development.

Question 64

The share of GDP in the secondary sector is now larger in LDCs than MDCs.

Question 65

Developing countries are increasingly pursuing the international trade approach to development.

Question 66

The three large relatively developed regions in the world are North America, Western Europe, and Eastern Europe.

Question 67

Less developed countries can be distinguished from more developed countries according to social and demographic characteristics, as well as economic ones.

Question 68

GDP per capita is the only economic indicator that can reliably determine the level of development for a country.

Question 69

One advantage of a large percentage of labor force in agriculture is the ability to generate a surplus of food for export.

Question 70

The availability of energy and other resources is linked to the level of development.

Question 71

Raising the GDP of a country means an automatically higher standard of living for workers.

Question 72

India and China are examples of countries which had pursued the self-sufficiency alternative to development.

Question 73

Gender inequality exists in every country of the world.

Question 74

A ________ developed country is likely to have a lower infant mortality rate.

Question 75

GDP per capita is a more meaningful measure of development than gross domestic product alone.

Question 76

Development is a completely understood process involving concrete yet difficult steps.

Question 77

Name and define two of the social indicators of a country's level of development.

Question 78

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Fair Trade movement?

A) Standards intending to protect workers are instituted in LDCs.
B) Fair Trade coffee has become available in most North American cities.
C) Cooperatives intend to benefit local farmers and artisans, rather than absentee corporate owners.
D) Employers must pay fair wages and comply with environmental and safety standards.
E) Protection of workers' rights is already a high priority for multinational corporations.

Question 79

One element of development in Southwest Asia & North Africa has been the loss of distinctive cultural characteristics.

Question 80

Gross domestic product (GDP) measures the distribution of wealth in a country.