Deck 14: Cognitive Functions

Question 1

Normally, a split-brain patient should be able to name an object flashed to the left visual field.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

After surgery, split-brain patients have impaired intellect and motivation.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Language studies with bonobos suggest that they can understand more than they can produce.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Recognition of happy or sad faces will occur most rapidly if presented to the right hemisphere.

Question 5

The left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is connected to skin receptors and muscles mainly on the right side of the body.

Question 6

Most people use only one hemisphere for most tasks.

Question 7

The left hemisphere appears to be specialized for language before language develops.

Question 8

The left and right hemispheres exchange information through a set of axons called the corpus callosum.

Question 9

Trunk and facial muscles are controlled by both hemispheres of the brain.

Question 10

The planum temporale is usually larger in the right hemisphere.

Question 11

Most left-handers have left-hemisphere dominance for speech.

Question 12

People born without a corpus callosum can perform many tasks in which split-brain patients fail.

Question 13

Observations of Williams syndrome indicate that language is not simply a by-product of overall intelligence.

Question 14

The critical period for learning a second language is shorter than for learning a first language.

Question 15

For more than 95% of right-handed people, the left hemisphere is strongly dominant for speech.

Question 16

In most people, the right hemisphere is dominant for speech.

Question 17

One of the main problems in determining if nonhuman species have language is being able to accurately define what language is.

Question 18

The right hemisphere is dominant for recognizing both pleasant and unpleasant emotions in others.

Question 19

Information from the left half of the visual field is processed in the right hemisphere.

Question 20

It is possible for language to be impaired without an associated impairment of intelligence.

Question 21

Spatial neglect is more common after damage to the left hemisphere than the right hemisphere.

Question 22

Most of the information passing from one hemisphere to the other does so by passing through which structure?

A) cerebellum
B) inferior colliculus
C) corpus callosum
D) massa intermedia

Question 23

In most humans, control of language is centered in the:

A) left hemisphere.
B) right hemisphere.
C) corpus callosum.
D) cerebellum.

Question 24

The brain has ____ control of the trunk muscles.

A) ipsilateral
B) contralateral
C) bilateral
D) no

Question 25

What is the name given to the function between the two hemispheres?

A) hemispherectomy
B) lateralization
C) polarization
D) symmetry

Question 26

Which of the following senses sends input only to the ipsilateral hemisphere?

A) hearing
B) vision
C) smell
D) touch

Question 27

Damage in the left hemisphere often produces significant neglect of the right side.

Question 28

You see the effects of lateralization more readily than normal after damage to:

A) the suprachiasmatic nucleus.
B) the corpus callosum.
C) one or the other eye.
D) the pineal gland.

Question 29

Damage to the corpus callosum (or to one hemisphere) results in clear evidence of :

A) hemispherectomy.
B) lateralization.
C) polarization.
D) symmetry.

Question 30

Wernicke's aphasia is primarily a problem of speech production.

Question 31

The left hemisphere of the human brain sees the:

A) left visual field.
B) right visual field.
C) left visual field of the left eye and right visual field of the right eye.
D) right visual field of the left eye and left visual field of the right eye.

Question 32

In species like rabbits that have their eyes far to the side of the head, which of the following is true?

A) Their left and right eyes send input only to the ipsilateral hemisphere.
B) Their left and right eyes send input only to the opposite hemisphere.
C) Both eyes send input to both hemispheres almost equally.
D) They can only see out of one eye at a time.

Question 33

The left hemisphere is connected to skin receptors mainly on the ____ half of the body, and controls muscles mainly on the ____ side of the body.

A) left; right
B) left; left
C) right; left
D) right; right

Question 34

Lateralization refers to the:

A) formation of the sulci and gyri in the cortex.
B) functional asymmetries of the brain.
C) slow rate of maturation in forebrain structures.
D) physical changes that occur in neurons as learning takes place.

Question 35

The parallels between language and music are sufficient to suggest that they arose together.

Question 36

Dyslexia is a problem with producing speech.

Question 37

Auditory information is sent to the:

A) ipsilateral hemisphere only.
B) contralateral hemisphere only.
C) ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres equally.
D) contralateral hemisphere more than the ipsilateral hemisphere.

Question 38

Damage to the human left optic nerve before it crosses the optic chiasm would result in the loss of vision in the:

A) left eye.
B) right eye.
C) right visual field.
D) left visual field.

Question 39

The brain has ____ control of the facial muscles.

A) ipsilateral
B) contralateral
C) bilateral
D) no

Question 40

Patients with Broca's aphasia have a problem with speech production, but not speech comprehension.

Question 41

A condition in which brain neurons have repeated episodes of excessive, synchronized activity is called:

A) dyslexia.
B) epilepsy.
C) hippocampal commissure.
D) Broca's aphasia.

Question 42

The causes of epilepsy:

A) include genetics, trauma, and infections.
B) are limited to infections of the brain.
C) are limited to genetic abnormalities.
D) are limited to emotional stress.

Question 43

Genes that cause epilepsy do so by altering:

A) GABA receptors.
B) acetylcholine levels.
C) the arrangement of blood vessels in the brain.
D) the shapes of astroglia cells.

Question 44

Epilepsy is caused by genes that alter:

A) the arrangement of blood vessels in the brain.
B) acetylcholine levels.
C) GABA receptors.
D) the shapes of astroglia cells.

Question 45

The point of origin of an epileptic seizure is called the:

A) scope.
B) target.
C) focus.
D) heart.

Question 46

Damage to the corpus callosum prevents:

A) hallucinations.
B) release of pituitary hormones.
C) the exchange of information between the two hemispheres.
D) the exchange of information between pre- and postsynaptic membranes.

Question 47

In general, drugs that treat epilepsy work by:

A) enhancing the effects of GABA.
B) causing apoptosis.
C) preventing the sodium-potassium pump from working.
D) relaxing the cell membrane.

Question 48

Someone who suffered damage to the visual cortex of the left hemisphere would probably have impaired vision in the:

A) left eye.
B) right eye.
C) left visual field.
D) right visual field.

Question 49

Some drugs that treat epilepsy work by:

A) relaxing the cell membrane.
B) causing apoptosis.
C) preventing the sodium-potassium pump from working.
D) blocking sodium flow across the membrane.

Question 50

Split-brain patients suffer:

A) little or no impairment of overall intellectual performance.
B) a lack of motor control.
C) sensation deficits.
D) memory deficits.

Question 51

Some of the axons from the two eyes:

A) cross at the corpus callosum.
B) cross at the optic chiasm.
C) cross at the anterior commissure.
D) do not cross in humans.

Question 52

Damage to the optic nerve after it had crossed in the optic chiasm would result in the loss of vision in the:

A) contralateral eye.
B) ipsilateral eye.
C) contralateral visual field.
D) ipsilateral visual field.

Question 53

A split-brain patient is someone who has had their:

A) corpus callosum severed.
B) cerebellum severed.
C) frontal lobe separated from the rest of the cortex.
D) cerebral cortex separated from the rest of the brain.

Question 54

Generally speaking, drugs used to treat epilepsy work by:

A) enhancing the effects of GABA.
B) causing apoptosis.
C) preventing the sodium-potassium pump from working.
D) relaxing the cell membrane.

Question 55

Visual stimuli in the left visual field stimulate:

A) the right half of each retina.
B) the left half of each retina.
C) the right hemisphere.
D) both hemispheres.

Question 56

The left hemisphere of the human brain receives visual input from the:

A) retina of the left eye.
B) retina of the right eye.
C) left half of each retina.
D) right half of each retina.

Question 57

A small vertical strip down the center of each retina connects to:

A) the right hemisphere.
B) the left hemisphere.
C) both hemispheres.
D) neither hemisphere.

Question 58

Visual stimuli in the right visual field stimulate:

A) the right half of each retina.
B) the left half of each retina.
C) the right hemisphere.
D) both hemispheres.

Question 59

The right hemisphere of the human brain receives visual input from the:

A) retina of the left eye.
B) retina of the right eye.
C) left half of each retina.
D) right half of each retina.

Question 60

Several patients have had their corpus callosum cut surgically as a treatment for severe cases of:

A) schizophrenia.
B) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
C) epilepsy.
D) dyslexia.

Question 61

The difficulty that people normally have with being able to perform separate tasks with each hand simultaneously is largely due to:

A) problems with the corpus callosum.
B) difficulty planning two actions at once.
C) inability of the muscles in the left and right hand to work at the same time.
D) epilepsy.

Question 62

A split-brain patient who sees something in one visual field and later can point to it with the left hand must:

A) have seen it in the right visual field.
B) have seen it in the left visual field.
C) be able to say what it was.
D) be able to point to it with the right hand, also.

Question 63

A split-brain patient who sees something in his left visual field can point to it with the:

A) left hand but cannot name it.
B) right hand but cannot name it.
C) left hand and can name it.
D) right hand and can name it.

Question 64

People with damage in parts of ____ speak in a monotone voice.

A) both hemispheres
B) the left hemisphere.
C) the right hemisphere.
D) neither hemisphere.

Question 65

Several months after split-brain surgery, the number of incidents of conflicts between the two hemispheres:

A) diminishes.
B) is unchanged from shortly after the surgery.
C) increases dramatically.
D) increases and then experiences a sharp drop.

Question 66

Control of the emotional content of speech depends on:

A) the right hemisphere.
B) the left hemisphere.
C) both hemispheres equally.
D) the corpus callosum.

Question 67

Researchers believe that the right hemisphere is:

A) the mirror image of the left hemisphere, with the same functions.
B) subordinate to the left hemisphere for all functions.
C) in control of speech.
D) specialized in functions that differ from the left.

Question 68

Roger Sperry conducted important research in what field of study?

A) epilepsy
B) the physiological effects of addictive drugs
C) split-brain patients
D) language training for chimpanzees

Question 69

Which of the following tasks would split-brain patients be able to perform better than other people?

A) tying their shoes
B) unfamiliar tasks
C) completing an intelligence test
D) using both hands simultaneously to draw separate shapes

Question 70

In the typical split-brain person, the left hand is to ____ as the right hand is to ____.

A) picking up objects; pointing at objects
B) pointing at objects; picking up objects
C) writing word; drawing objects
D) drawing objects; writing words

Question 71

In order for a split-brain patient to name something, he must see it:

A) with the left eye.
B) with the right eye.
C) in the left visual field.
D) in the right visual field.

Question 72

A split-brain patient sees something in her left visual field, and must reach behind a screen and select the object from a group of objects. She will select the object correctly with:

A) the left hand.
B) the right hand.
C) either hand.
D) neither hand.

Question 73

A typical split-brain patient who stares straight ahead CANNOT name something seen:

A) in the right visual field.
B) in the left visual field.
C) with the right eye.
D) with the left eye.

Question 74

Conflicts between the two hemispheres eventually diminish because:

A) brain swelling decreases.
B) the callosum partly reconnects.
C) the left hemisphere suppresses the right hemisphere's interference.
D) the right hemisphere simply takes control for some situations.

Question 75

Which self-contradiction occurs in people who have had their corpus callosum cut?

A) saying they are not hungry while eating
B) saying they do not know the answer while pointing it out with the left hand
C) writing with one hand but not being able to write with the other
D) suddenly changing from a manic state to depression

Question 76

Several months after split-brain surgery, the number of incidents of conflicts between the two hemispheres diminishes because:

A) portions of the corpus callosum grow back.
B) the right hemisphere begins to control all body muscles.
C) the hemispheres learn ways of cooperating with each other.
D) the cerebellum assumes the former functions of the corpus callosum.

Question 77

A split-brain patient that was briefly shown an apple in the left visual field and a banana in the right visual field would report having seen:

A) an apple.
B) a banana.
C) neither.
D) both.

Question 78

If a split-brain patient sees the word "sky" in his left visual field and the word "scraper" in his right visual field, which picture will he draw with the left hand?

A) the sky only.
B) the scraper only.
C) a sky and a scraper, separately.
D) a skyscraper.

Question 79

People who speak with little inflection or expression usually have suffered damage to the:

A) ventromedial spinal pathway.
B) left hemisphere.
C) right hemisphere.
D) corpus callosum.

Question 80

A patient who can name objects only after seeing them in the right visual field but can point out objects she saw in the left visual field has probably suffered damage to:

A) Wernicke's area.
B) Broca's area.
C) the visual cortex in the right hemisphere.
D) the corpus callosum.