Deck 24: Plant Growth and Reproduction

Question 1

The Haber-Bosch process is an industrial process used to produce _____ fertilizer.

A) carbon dioxide
B) oxygen
C) water
D) phosphorous
E) nitrogen

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Guano was harvested in the mid-19th century as a way to provide _____ to crops.

A) carbon dioxide
B) phosphorous
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) water

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The male reproductive structure of a flowering angiosperm is the _____.

A) pollen tube
B) ovary
C) stigma
D) stamen
E) pistil

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is consistent with organic farming practices?

A) using a synthetic chemical fertilizer
B) using Bt toxin proteins as an insecticide
C) using genetically modified Bt plants
D) using a synthetic pesticide

Question 5

Which of the following is a resource that plants need to grow?

A) carbon dioxide
B) nitrogen
C) phosphorus
D) water
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Which of these must be converted from an atmospheric gas into a form that plants can take up from soil?

A) carbon dioxide
B) phosphorous
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) water

Question 7

If an existing crop variety lacks a particular trait that is desirable,what is the most efficient way to introduce the desired trait?

A) using organic farming practice
B) using "radiation breeding"
C) cross breeding the plant with a different plant
D) cross breeding two varieties of the same plant
E) genetic modification of the plant

Question 8

Which flower part is correctly matched with its description?

A) The filament connects the stigma to the ovary.
B) The stigma is the egg-producing structure.
C) The ovary is the structure that produces and releases pollen.
D) The stamen is the male structure that contains pollen.
E) The stigma is the tube in which a pollen tube develops.

Question 9

Why are scientists interested in introducing extra copies of nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ)genes into food crops?

A) to reduce the need for pesticides
B) to reduce the need for fertilizers
C) to increase the efficiency of photosynthesis
D) to decrease the amount of carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis
E) to decrease the amount of water required by plants

Question 10

For fertilization to occur within a flower,pollen must land on the _____ of a flower.

A) anther
B) petal
C) pollen tube
D) stigma
E) ovary

Question 11

The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)protects crops from _____.

A) drought
B) some insect larvae
C) nitrogen deficiency
D) phosphorous deficiency
E) Roundup® spray

Question 12

Ammonia provides the form of _____ that plants can take up and use.

A) carbon dioxide
B) phosphorous
C) nitrogen
D) oxygen
E) water

Question 13

Eutrophication occurs when fertilizer runs off into rivers,streams,and lakes.This runoff leads to a chain of events that depletes _____.

A) nitrogen
B) oxygen
C) phosphorous
D) carbon dioxide
E) water

Question 14

Which two nutrients most frequently limit plant growth?

A) nitrogen and oxygen
B) phosphorous and carbon dioxide
C) nitrogen and carbon dioxide
D) nitrogen and phosphorous
E) carbon dioxide and oxygen

Question 15

Which of the following is not a reservoir of phosphorus?

A) rocks
B) bodies of plants and animals
C) atmospheric gases
D) the soil
E) bodies of water

Question 16

What do angiosperms with "perfect" flowers have that angiosperms with "imperfect" flowers lack?

A) male and female reproductive parts in the same flower
B) male and female reproductive parts in different flowers
C) the ability to use double fertilization
D) seeds that contain embryos and a starting supply of food
E) ovaries that develop into seed-containing fruit

Question 17

What is the function of the endosperm?

A) It contains the developing embryo.
B) It contains pollen grains.
C) It produces eggs.
D) It provides protection of the developing embryo.
E) It provides nutrients and energy for the developing embryo.

Question 18

Which of the following resources do plants acquire from their above-ground parts (leaves and stems)?

A) carbon dioxide
B) light energy
C) nitrogen
D) carbon dioxide and light energy
E) carbon dioxide,light energy,and nitrogen

Question 19

What method is considered the fastest and surest way to improve a crop?

A) crossing two varieties of the same plant
B) CRISPR technology
C) use of organic farming
D) increased use of fertilizer
E) increased use of pesticides
Match the following:

Question 20

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with legumes live within structures called _____.

A) pollen granules
B) ovules
C) pistils
D) stamens
E) root nodules

Question 21

Which of the following might explain why nitrogen that is usable for plants is usually limited in soils?

A) Only nitrogen-fixing bacteria can convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia.
B) Plants compete for usable nitrogen and take it up quickly when it is available.
C) Harvesting crops before they decompose removes nitrogen from soils.
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 22

Which of the following statements about the Haber-Bosch process is FALSE?

A) It an industrial process performed by humans.
B) It converts gaseous nitrogen into ammonia.
C) It has increased productivity and yields of many crop plants.
D) It has enabled the expansion of the human population.
E) None of the answers are false.

Question 23

The Haber-Bosch process essentially fills the role of which of the following groups of organisms involved in the nitrogen cycle?

A) animals
B) decomposers
C) nitrogen-fixing bacteria
D) nitrogen-recycling bacteria
E) plants

Question 24

Which of the following types of organisms use ammonia as a source of nitrogen for creating proteins?

A) fungi
B) plants
C) nitrogen-fixing bacteria
D) nitrogen-recycling bacteria
E) decomposers

Question 25

Where does most of the nitrogen in industrially produced fertilizer come from?

A) The Haber-Bosch process
B) Guano
C) Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
D) Nitrogen-recycling bacteria
E) Rocks

Question 26

The Haber-Bosch process converts _______________.

A) amino acids to gaseous nitrogen.
B) ammonia to gaseous nitrogen.
C) ammonia to amino acids.
D) gaseous nitrogen to ammonia.
E) gaseous nitrogen to amino acids.

Question 27

Decomposers recycle dead plants and animals and release __________into the soil.

A) None of the answers are correct.
B) ammonia
C) phosphates
D) gaseous nitrogen
E) ammonia and phosphates

Question 28

Which of the following types of organisms consume proteins and excrete ammonia as waste?

A) animals
B) nitrogen-fixing bacteria
C) nitrogen-recycling bacteria
D) decomposers
E) animals and decomposers

Question 29

Through which part do plants acquire most of their nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus)?

A) leaves
B) stems
C) roots
D) stems and roots
E) leaves,stems,and roots

Question 30

Through what inorganic source does phosphorus naturally enter the phosphorus cycle?

A) oil
B) air
C) rocks
D) air and rocks
E) decomposers

Question 31

Which of the following types of organisms convert gaseous nitrogen to ammonia?

A) fungi
B) plants
C) nitrogen-fixing bacteria
D) nitrogen-recycling bacteria
E) decomposers

Question 32

Through which part do plants acquire most of their carbon dioxide?

A) leaves
B) stems
C) roots
D) stems and roots
E) leaves,stems,and roots

Question 33

Which of the following resources do plants acquire from their below-ground parts (roots)?

A) carbon dioxide
B) nitrogen
C) water
D) nitrogen and water
E) carbon dioxide,nitrogen,and water

Question 34

Which organisms can naturally convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia?

A) All types of bacteria
B) Some types of bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Animals
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 35

Through which part do plants acquire most of their water?

A) leaves
B) stems
C) roots
D) stems and roots
E) leaves,stems,and roots

Question 36

Nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert ___________ to _____________,which can then be taken up by plants.

A) gaseous nitrogen,amino acids.
B) gaseous nitrogen,ammonia.
C) amino acids,gaseous nitrogen.
D) ammonia,amino acids.
E) ammonia,gaseous nitrogen.

Question 37

Animal waste is useful fertilizer for plants because it contains:

A) ammonia
B) phosphates
C) nitrogen-fixing bacteria
D) ammonia and phosphates
E) ammonia,phosphates,nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Question 38

Which sources of nitrogen can plants use?

A) Ammonia
B) Gaseous nitrogen (N₂)
C) Hydrocarbons
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 39

Which macromolecules are high in nitrogen?

A) proteins
B) nucleic acids
C) carbohydrates
D) proteins and nucleic acids
E) proteins,nucleic acids,and carbohydrates

Question 40

What macromolecules are high in phosphorus?

A) carbohydrates
B) phospholipids
C) nucleic acids
D) carbohydrates and nucleic acids
E) phospholipids and nucleic acids

Question 41

Corn plants have __________ flowers.

A) imperfect
B) only male
C) only female
D) perfect
E) trisexual

Question 42

What is an "imperfect" flower?

A) A flower that has lost petals.
B) A flower that contains only female reproductive structures.
C) A flower that contains only male reproductive structures.
D) A flower that contains both male and female reproductive structures.
E) A flower that contains either only female reproductive structures or only male reproductive structures.

Question 43

What is a "perfect" flower?

A) A flower that has not lost any petals yet.
B) A flower that contains only female reproductive structures.
C) A flower that contains only male reproductive structures.
D) A flower that contains both male and female reproductive structures.
E) A flower that has been pollinated.

Question 44

The female reproductive structure of a flower is called a ____________ and is made up of three parts,the _______________.

A) petal;inner,middle,and outer whorls
B) pistil;stigma,style,and ovary
C) pistil;anther,filament,and pollen tube
D) stamen;anther,filament,and pollen tube
E) style;anther,pollen tube,and ovary

Question 45

What are cereal crops?

A) All crops are cereal crops.
B) Any crop with an edible seed.
C) Any crop that can associate with nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
D) Crops patented by the Kellogg's corporation.
E) Members of the grass family that have edible seeds rich in starch.

Question 46

__________ contain the male gametes of a flower,and are stored in _____________.

A) Pollen grains,anthers
B) Pollen grains,filaments
C) Pollen grains,pistils
D) Ovules,anthers
E) Ovules,pollen tubes

Question 47

The __________ on a corn plant is its male reproductive organ,and the __________ is its female reproductive organ.

A) ear,silk
B) silk,tassel
C) tassel,ear
D) tassel,husk
E) kernel,ear

Question 48

What can happen when large amounts of fertilizer are used in agriculture?

A) Nitrogen and phosphorus in fertilizer can accumulate in bodies of water.
B) Algae populations can increase quickly.
C) Aquatic plants can die off.
D) High decomposition rates can deplete oxygen.
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT a cereal crop?

A) Corn.
B) Oats.
C) Peas.
D) Rice.
E) Wheat.

Question 50

Which of the following types of organisms consume proteins and excrete phosphates?

A) animals
B) decomposers
C) animals and decomposers
D) nitrogen-fixing bacteria
E) nitrogen-recycling bacteria

Question 51

Which of the following are limiting factors in plant growth?

A) oils.
B) ammonia.
C) phosphates.
D) carbohydrates.
E) ammonia and phosphates.

Question 52

What are "dead zones" in bodies of water?

A) Areas that contain too little nitrogen to support life.
B) Areas that contain too much nitrogen to support life.
C) Areas that contain too little oxygen to support life.
D) Areas that contain too much oxygen to support life.
E) Areas that contain too many top predators to support prey species.

Question 53

__________ is the physical transfer of pollen from male to female plant reproductive structures.

A) Fertilization
B) Germination
C) Ovulation
D) Pollination
E) Triploidy

Question 54

Why does a buildup of dead plants lead to too little oxygen in bodies of water?

A) Plants consume oxygen to conduct photosynthesis.
B) Decomposers consume oxygen to break down dead plants.
C) Dead plants block sunlight from algae.
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 55

The __________ is a tube-like structure that leads from the stigma to the ovary.

A) filament
B) ovule
C) pistil
D) stamen
E) style

Question 56

The __________ is a sticky "landing pad" for pollen that is located at the top of the pistil.

A) anther
B) stamen
C) pollen tube
D) stigma
E) style

Question 57

The male reproductive structure of a flower is called a ____________.

A) petal
B) pistil
C) stamen
D) stigma
E) style

Question 58

__________ contain the female gametes of a flower,and are stored in the __________.

A) Pollen grains;anthers
B) Pollen grains;ovary
C) Stigmas;styles
D) Ovules;ovary
E) Ovules;pollen tubes

Question 59

Why do fertilizers increase yields of crop plants?

A) Because they contain nutrients that are limited in soils.
B) Because they contain carbohydrates that boost photosynthetic output.
C) Because they remove toxins in soils that stunt plant growth.
D) All of the answers are correct.
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 60

What happens to the nutrient content of the soil when crops are harvested rather than being allowed to decompose naturally?

A) It decreases.
B) It increases.
C) It stays the same.
D) Its nitrogen content increases,while phosphorus decreases.
E) Its phosphorus content increases,while nitrogen decreases.

Question 61

____________ contains stored energy to fuel the growth of a young seedling until it reaches sunlight.

A) Photosynthesis
B) The cotyledons
C) The embryo
D) The endosperm
E) The seed coat

Question 62

When humans eat broccoli,we are consuming the __________ of the broccoli plant.

A) leaves
B) fruits
C) flowers
D) stems
E) roots

Question 63

The three main parts of a seed are the

A) cereal,embryo,and seed coat.
B) egg,sperm,and seed coat.
C) embryo,endosperm,and seed coat.
D) endosperm,egg,and seed coat.
E) leaves,roots,and shoots.

Question 64

When does the pollen tube form,and what is its function?

A) after fertilization,to protect the egg from other pollen grains.
B) after fertilization,to allow the fertilized egg to disperse from the plant.
C) after pollination,to protect the egg from other pollen grains.
D) after pollination,to transport nutrients to the developing embryo.
E) after pollination,to transport sperm to the ovule.

Question 65

The embryo is derived from the __________,and its function is to ____________.

A) outer layer of the ovule,become a new plant
B) outer layer of the ovule,provide nutrients to the endosperm
C) inner cells of the ovule,disperse through the pollen tube and germinate
D) fusion of the egg with a sperm cell,become a new plant
E) fusion of the egg with a sperm cell,provide nutrients to the endosperm

Question 66

The endosperm is derived from the __________,and its function is to ____________.

A) fusion of the egg with inner cells of the ovule,provide nutrients to the embryo
B) fusion of a sperm with inner cells of the ovule,provide nutrients to the embryo
C) fusion of the egg with a sperm cell,become a new plant
D) inner cells of the ovule,become a new plant
E) outer layer of the ovule,provide nutrients to the embryo

Question 67

Where in a plant does pollination occur?

A) In the ovary
B) In an ovule
C) In the pollen tube
D) On the anther
E) On the stigma

Question 68

When humans eat cabbage,we are consuming the __________ of the cabbage plant.

A) leaves
B) fruits
C) flowers
D) stems
E) roots

Question 69

How long during the lifespan of a plant does new growth occur?

A) Throughout the entire lifespan of the plant.
B) Until the endosperm is consumed.
C) Until the cotyledons fall off.
D) Until the plant begins to flower.
E) Until the plant develops fruits.

Question 70

Growth in plants occurs as a result of cell division of ____________,which are located in the ____________ of the plant.

A) chloroplasts,leaves
B) cotyledons,embryo
C) endosperm cells,seeds
D) stem cells,meristem
E) seed coats,fruits

Question 71

Where in a plant does fertilization occur?

A) In the ovule
B) In the style
C) In the pollen tube
D) On the anther
E) On the stigma

Question 72

__________ is the fusion of pollen grain with an egg in an ovule of a plant.

A) Fertilization
B) Germination
C) Ovulation
D) Pollination
E) Triploidy

Question 73

In double fertilization,one sperm fertilizes ____________ to become the embryo,and a second sperm fertilizes ____________ to become the endosperm.

A) cells in the ovule,the egg
B) cells in the pollen tube,cells in the ovule
C) the egg,another egg
D) the egg,cells in the ovule
E) the egg,another sperm

Question 74

When humans eat peanuts,we are consuming the __________ of the peanut plant.

A) leaves
B) fruits
C) flowers
D) stems
E) roots

Question 75

Which of the following statements about meristems is FALSE?

A) They are areas of rapid cell division in developing plants.
B) They are present in roots.
C) They are present in shoots.
D) They are active throughout a plant's life.
E) All the answers are true.

Question 76

During germination,the ______________ emerge(s)from the seed and begin(s)to grow.

A) root alone
B) shoot alone
C) seed coat alone
D) root and shoot
E) root,shoot,and seed coat

Question 77

______________are embryonic leaves that emerge with the __________ when a seed germinates.

A) Cotyledons,root
B) Cotyledons,shoot
C) Endosperms,shoot
D) Meristems,root
E) Meristems,shoot

Question 78

__________ is the process by which a seed grows into a plant.

A) Fertilization
B) Germination
C) Ovulation
D) Pollination
E) Triploidy

Question 79

The seed coat is the __________,and its function is to ____________.

A) outer layer of the seed,protect the developing embryo
B) outer layer of the seed,provide nutrients
C) inner cells of the ovule,protect the developing embryo
D) inner cells of the ovule,provide nutrients
E) outer layer of the seed,prevent germination

Question 80

Plant meristems are active _______________.

A) throughout the entire lifespan of the plant
B) until the endosperm is consumed
C) until the cotyledons fall off
D) until the plant begins to flower
E) until the plant develops fruits