Deck 33: Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Question 1

The _____ sphincter controls the movement of chyme from the sigmoid colon into the rectum.

A) Oddi
B) ileocecal
C) O'Beirne
D) internal anal

Answer 1

O'Beirne

Question 2

The _____ cells of the gastric glands secrete hydrochloric acid.

A) chief
B) parietal
C) zymogenic
D) surface epithelial

Answer 2

parietal

Question 3

The vermiform appendix is attached to the:

A) duodenum.
B) ileum.
C) cecum.
D) sigmoid colon.

Answer 3

cecum.

Question 4

Absorption of nutrients from the intestine occurs initially through the:

A) lacteals.
B) villi.
C) lamina propria.
D) celiac veins.

Question 5

The _____ reflex inhibits gastric motility when the ileum becomes overdistended.

A) ileogastric
B) gastroduodenal
C) gastroileal
D) colointestinal

Question 6

The distal colon receives splanchnic blood flow from which artery?

A) Celiac
B) Superior mesenteric
C) Inferior mesenteric
D) Omental

Question 7

Which sphincter prevents reflux of digested material from the colon into the small intestine?

A) Haustral
B) Lower esophageal
C) Pyloric
D) Ileocecal valve

Question 8

A young male student becomes very hungry during class. He begins thinking of a cheeseburger and fries, his favorite meal. These thoughts will trigger which phase of gastric secretion?

A) Cephalic
B) Caudal
C) Enteral
D) Intestinal

Question 9

The gastrointestinal tract performs all of the following processes except:

A) absorption of digested food.
B) chemical breakdown of food particles.
C) micturition.
D) mechanical breakdown of food particles.

Question 10

Analysis of a sample of normal saliva would most likely reveal:

A) IgG.
B) IgD.
C) IgE.
D) IgA.

Question 11

The _____ reflex initiates propulsion in the entire colon, usually during or immediately after eating.

A) gastrocolic
B) ileocolic
C) duodenalcolic
D) cephalocolic

Question 12

Mucus production to form the mucosal barrier in the stomach is stimulated by the release of:

A) somatostatin.
B) gastrin.
C) prostaglandins.
D) histamine.

Question 13

Food moves down the esophagus via:

A) peristalsis.
B) retropulsion.
C) haustral segmentation.
D) defecation.

Question 14

Which sphincter keeps stomach acid from regurgitating into the esophagus?

A) Pyloric
B) Lower esophageal
C) Upper esophageal
D) Gastric

Question 15

Digested fats are primarily absorbed into the:

A) lacteals.
B) central arterioles.
C) lamina propria.
D) villus capillaries.

Question 16

A new drug is being tested that is known to inhibit parasympathetic nervous system activity. It is expected that the salivary glands will become:

A) hyperactive.
B) hypoactive.
C) atrophied.
D) enlarged.

Question 17

Autonomic and hormonal control are involved in gastrointestinal motility and:

A) defecation.
B) swallowing.
C) mastication.
D) digestive enzyme secretion.

Question 18

A 15-year-old female begins taking a new weight-loss drug. The drug inhibits the smooth muscle action of the stomach. It most likely acts by increasing _____ stimulation.

A) somatic
B) sympathetic
C) parasympathetic
D) hormonal

Question 19

Salivary $\alpha$ -amylase (ptyalin) initiates the digestion of:

A) proteins.
B) carbohydrates.
C) fats.
D) amino acids.

Question 20

The ileum and jejunum are suspended by folds of the peritoneum known as the _____ that contains an extensive vascular and nervous network.

A) myenteric plexus
B) mesentery
C) Auerbach fold
D) Meissner plexus

Question 21

Parasympathetic stimulation to the pancreas causes which of the following reactions?

A) Hormonal inhibition
B) Enzyme secretion
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Decreased bicarbonate production

Question 22

The pancreas produces which substance to prevent the premature activation of proteolytic enzymes in the pancreas?

A) Bicarbonate
B) Carboxypeptidase
C) Secretin
D) Trypsin inhibitor

Question 23

The capillaries of the liver are more commonly known as hepatic:

A) canaliculi.
B) ducts.
C) sinusoids.
D) papillae.

Question 24

In the liver, free bilirubin moves from the plasma in the sinusoids into the hepatocytes where it is converted into:

A) unconjugated bilirubin.
B) biliverdin.
C) conjugated bilirubin.
D) urobilinogen.

Question 25

When relaxed, which sphincter allows bile to flow into the duodenum?

A) Pyloric sphincter
B) Sphincter of Oddi
C) Ampulla of Vater
D) Ileocecal valve

Question 26

The function of the acinar cells of the pancreas is to secrete:

A) bicarbonate.
B) enzymes.
C) mucus.
D) electrolytes.

Question 27

The exocrine portion of the pancreas contains:

A) alpha cells.
B) beta cells.
C) ducts.
D) islets of Langerhans.

Question 28

The primary bile acids are synthesized from _____ by hepatocytes lining the bile canaliculi.

A) lecithin
B) fatty acids
C) cholesterol
D) testosterone

Question 29

The capillaries of the liver are lined in part by _____ cells, which are phagocytic.

A) Glisson
B) Kupffer
C) Meissner
D) Lieberkühn

Question 30

During the cephalic and gastric phases of digestion, gallbladder contraction is mediated by branches of the:

A) sympathetic nervous system.
B) somatic nervous system.
C) vagus nerve.
D) glossopharyngeal nerve.

Question 31

A 70-year-old male presents complaining of frequent gastrointestinal problems. His physician explains that during aging GI changes such as _____ occur.

A) decreased gastric juice secretion
B) decreased gallbladder function
C) increased liver size
D) increased pancreas size