Question 1

What is the primary clinical sign of acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?&#10;A)Arterial flutter&#10;B)Chest pain&#10;C)Shortness of breath&#10;D)Increased heart rate

Accepted Answer

Chest pain is the primary clinical sign of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Although other symptoms like shortness of breath and increased heart rate can also be present, chest pain is the most prominent and concerning symptom.

Question 2

Which group of drugs is used to increase contractility for the management of heart failure?&#10;A)Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors&#10;B)Diuretics&#10;C)Beta-blockers&#10;D)Positive inotropes

Accepted Answer

Positive inotropes are drugs that increase myocardial contractility, making them useful in the management of heart failure. Examples of positive inotropes include digoxin, dobutamine, and milrinone. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, and beta-blockers are other classes of drugs used in the management of heart failure, but their primary mechanism of action is not to increase contractility.

Question 3

What is the term given to a heartbeat that originates in a location other than the sinus node?&#10;A)Ectopic beat&#10;B)Atrial fibrillation&#10;C)Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia&#10;D)Ventricular fibrillation

Accepted Answer

An ectopic beat is a heartbeat that originates in a location other than the sinus node, which is the normal pacemaker of the heart. This can cause abnormal heart rhythms and is often felt as a palpitation or skipped beat. Atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation are all examples of specific types of arrhythmias, but they do not encompass all possible causes of an ectopic beat.

Question 4

Newly oxygenated blood within the pulmonary veins enters the heart via which chamber?&#10;A)Left atrium&#10;B)Left ventricle&#10;C)Right atrium&#10;D)Right ventricle

Accepted Answer

Newly oxygenated blood enters the heart via the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. From the left atrium, the oxygenated blood is then pumped into the left ventricle and subsequently out to the rest of the body.

Question 5

What is the cause of atrial quivering during an episode of atrial fibrillation?&#10;A)Increased atrial contractility&#10;B)Lack of cardiac output&#10;C)Hyperextension&#10;D)Inadequate electrical stimulation

Accepted Answer

Atrial quivering during an episode of atrial fibrillation is caused by inadequate electrical stimulation, which results in chaotic and uncoordinated atrial contractions. This can lead to reduced cardiac output and other symptoms associated with atrial fibrillation.

Question 6

What is the recommended intensity for resistance training in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA)Class I heart failure?&#10;A)40% to 50% 1RM&#10;B)50% to 60% 1RM&#10;C)60% to 70% 1RM&#10;D)30% to 40% 1RM

Accepted Answer

For patients with NYHA Class I heart failure, the recommended intensity for resistance training is 50% to 60% of 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM). This intensity is considered safe and effective for improving strength without excessively straining the cardiovascular system.

Question 7

Why is it important to maintain the arm at the level of the heart when measuring a patient's blood pressure?&#10;A)To negate the effects of hydrostatic pressure&#10;B)To allow the patient to relax&#10;C)To negate the Levine sign&#10;D)To maximize systolic pressure

Accepted Answer

Maintaining the arm at the level of the heart is important to negate the effects of hydrostatic pressure, which can affect the accuracy of the blood pressure measurement.

Question 8

What happens to the ST-segment on a 12-lead electrocardiogram after a large acute myocardial infarction with injury to the myocardial tissue?&#10;A)It remains unchanged.&#10;B)It depresses.&#10;C)It elevates.&#10;D)ST-segment is not assessed on an electrocardiogram.

Accepted Answer

After a large acute myocardial infarction with injury to the myocardial tissue, the ST-segment elevates on the electrocardiogram due to the injury and elevated levels of potassium ions in the extracellular space surrounding the damaged tissue. This is known as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and indicates a complete interruption of blood flow to a specific area of the heart muscle.

Deck 13: Heart Disease