Deck 5: Gender and Sexism

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Question
The term transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) may include people who identify and describe themselves as

A) transsexuals.
B) genderqueers.
C) cross-dressers.
D) All of the above.
Use Space or
up arrow
down arrow
to flip the card.
Question
Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with

A) schizotypal personality disorder.
B) depression.
C) sexual addiction.
D) autism.
Question
Enforcement of male-dominated norms is an example of

A) heterosexism.
B) homophobia.
C) sexism.
D) transphobia.
Question
Traditional women's roles were challenged during which major event?

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) The Stonewall Rebellion
D) The Civil War
Question
__________ occurs when women or men begin to believe systemically received negative messages about their own sex.

A) Sexism
B) Male privilege
C) Internalized sexism
D) Female privilege
Question
Sexism manifests as women internalize doubt in their own abilities through

A) the imposter phenomenon.
B) social consequences.
C) attribution bias.
D) social stressors.
Question
Male counselors tend to speak

A) more assertively with women but more tentatively with other men.
B) more assertively overall with men and women.
C) less assertively with women.
D) less assertively with other men.
Question
Female counselors tend to speak

A) more assertively with other women but more tentatively with men.
B) more assertively overall (with men and women).
C) less assertively with women.
D) more assertively with men.
Question
In terms of race and gender, same-race and same-gender dyads

A) allow for the client and counselor to more quickly establish rapport.
B) guarantee better treatment outcomes.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.
Question
According to government statistics, women are

A) less likely than men to be depressed.
B) twice as likely as men to be depressed.
C) five times more likely than men to be depressed.
D) as likely as men to be depressed.
Question
According to government statistics, girls are

A) less likely than boys to be depressed.
B) as likely as boys to be depressed.
C) seven times more likely than boys to be depressed.
D) twice as likely as boys to be depressed.
Question
Normative male alexithymia is

A) a physical syndrome that affects men in their twenties.
B) an inability to put feelings into words that results from a long socialization process in which boys are taught to suppress and deny their feelings of vulnerability.
C) a process in which men feel the need to compete with each other.
D) None of the above.
Question
Male gender role conflict (GRC)

A) relates to how men treat women.
B) constitutes the majority of referrals for counseling.
C) describes how gender role socialization can result in negative consequences for men who remain rigid in changing circumstances.
D) None of the above.
Question
Patterns of male gender role conflict include

A) success, power and competition.
B) conflicts between work and family relationships.
C) restricted emotionality.
D) All of the above.
Question
The term machismo refers to a cultural norm regarding gender in __________ culture.

A) Arab
B) Hispanic
C) African
D) None of the above
Question
It is considered more respectful to use _____ pronouns when referring to people who identify as genderqueer.

A) she/her
B) he/him
C) they/them
D) All of the above are respectful pronouns.
Question
Internalized sexism is

A) being a sexist only on the inside.
B) punishment for men who are sexist.
C) a manifestation of male privilege.
D) people who are born sexist.
Question
Incorporating a gender sensitive perspective is important for the counselor working with

A) men only.
B) women only.
C) children only.
D) all populations.
Question
Problems that we think of as typically male (e.g., difficulty with intimacy, workaholism, alcoholism, abusive behavior, rage) are often attempts to escape

A) depression.
B) anger.
C) sex.
D) anxiety.
Question
When counseling men, gender-sensitive counselors should engage in specific behaviors that

A) create empathy.
B) express feelings.
C) set specific goals early.
D) are sympathetic.
Question
Transgenerational focus refers to

A) the concept that greater understanding of individual men can be gained by revisiting their relationships with their fathers, grandfathers and other men in their family.
B) the tendency for men to act like their fathers and grandfathers and other men in their family.
C) the inability of men to focus on other perspectives outside of their fathers, grandfathers and other men in their family.
D) the concept that men are the focus of their fathers, grandfathers and the other men within their own family.
Question
_____ describes people who feel that the sex they were assigned at birth is in alignment with their identified gender.

A) Transgender
B) Gender conforming
C) Gender nonconforming
D) Cisgender
Question
TGNC stands for ______ and describes people whose gender identities and expressions do not fit into societal norms of sex assignment and the gender binary.

A) transgender and gender nonconforming
B) the gender neutral conforming
C) transgender and cisgender
D) All of the above
Question
______ is a system of oppression based on sex, gender identity, and gender expression.

A) Sexism
B) Male privilege
C) Genderism
D) Classism
Question
In addition to developing the awareness, knowledge, skills, and actions to address gender and sexism in the counseling process, which of the following factors may lead to more effective outcomes?

A) Client-counselor matching
B) Exploration of racial and cultural differences
C) Communication styles
D) All of the above
Question
A common stressor in women's lives is

A) negative media messages.
B) economic inequity.
C) multiple role overload.
D) All of the above.
Question
According to Earkas and Leaper (2015), girls become women through

A) oppositional behaviors.
B) learning to be independent.
C) relational activities.
D) All of the above.
Question
According to Earkas and Leaper (2015), boys become men through

A) learning to be tough and independent.
B) relational activities.
C) emotional expression.
D) All of the above.
Question
To emotionally relate to others, many men will use

A) shame-based responses.
B) denial.
C) minimization or silence.
D) All of the above.
Question
_______ is a term used to describe a theory of understanding how traditional gender role socialization can result in negative consequences for men who remain rigid in changing circumstances.

A) Male privilege
B) Sexism
C) Male gender role conflict
D) Classism
Question
The male GRC pattern of _______ describes the degree to which men are socialized to focus on high achievement personally and professionally.

A) success, power, and competition
B) conflict between work and family relationships
C) restricted emotionality
D) restricted affectionate behavior between men
Question
People who are ______ are those who have variations of reproductive or sexual anatomy that do not fit into the socially constructed definitions of male (XX) and female (XY).

A) cisgender
B) genderqueer
C) intersex
D) All of the above
Question
People who are TGNC experience

A) employment discrimination.
B) lack of healthcare access.
C) high rates of homelessness and poverty.
D) All of the above.
Question
The first wave of feminism as a social justice movement in the U.S. focused on

A) equality of the sexes.
B) suffrage and suffrage-related issues.
C) sexual harassment, domestic abuse, and the wage gap.
D) issues important to women of color and queer people.
Question
The second wave of feminism in the U.S.

A) expanded the focus on equal rights to reproductive rights for women.
B) focused on suffrage and suffrage-related issues.
C) focused on sexual harassment, domestic abuse, and the wage gap.
D) focused on issues important to women of color and queer people.
Question
______ families may endorse more matriarchal norms, with women's roles described as those of strength and resourcefulness.

A) Asian American
B) Hispanic/Latino American
C) African American
D) European American
Question
_____ is a term that describes the gender role expression of Latinas and refers to extreme femininity and subordination to males.

A) Machismo
B) Marianismo
C) Familismo
D) All of the above
Question
Judith Herman's (1992) Trauma and Recovery outlines three stages vital for women's recovery from sexual abuse. The first stage involves

A) making meaning of the trauma.
B) ensuring that survivors are safe from their abusers.
C) helping survivors reconnect with their sense of self.
D) All of the above.
Question
The imposter phenomenon was found to occur more frequently in _____, due to multiple roles and the expectation to fulfill each role perfectly.

A) women than men
B) men than women
C) collectivist cultures than individualistic cultures
D) individualistic cultures than collectivist cultures
Question
A recommended strategy for counselors to address sexism in counseling is

A) to identify strengths and resources of women clients who are cisgender and TGNC.
B) to help clients who are cisgender and TGNC identify external barriers that affect their development.
C) to teach self-empowerment skills to clients who are cisgender and TGNC.
D) All of the above are recommended strategies.
Question
An example of male privilege is

A) men having multiple sex partners without being labeled as promiscuous.
B) men being afraid to walk alone at night in a public place.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.
Question
By age ____, most children can identify "what boys do" versus "what girls do" as a demonstration of their understanding of personality characteristics and mannerisms socially assigned to each gender.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6
Question
Provide examples of how the counseling profession has responded to sexism?
Question
What are some of your own assumptions, values and biases regarding gender and where did they come from?
Question
As a result of reading the chapter on gender and sexism, how has your awareness of various client worldviews regarding gender and sexism changed or been enhanced? What are some areas you still may need to work on?
Question
Write down a list of all the various "types" of clients you may work with, in terms of gender and its intersections with race/ethnicity, spirituality, and social class. What are some culturally appropriate intervention strategies you might use when working with each type of client?
Question
Consider Erikson's (1968) fifth stage, identity versus confusion. What was your experience like during this stage, specifically related to your gender?
Question
How do you currently express your social sex role identity and does this differ from your childhood? What specific positive and negative memories do you have of messages you got from others about this (e.g., tomboy, princess)?
Question
Check out the APA Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Girls and Women. What are five ways you might practice advocacy with clients based on these guidelines?
Question
How does GRC limit men's ability to cope with transition and life's stressors?
Question
What factors influence treatment outcomes in counseling in reference to race and gender?
Question
What are some examples of internalized sexism in the world today? What might that look like in a client?
Question
Gender is biologically and socially determined. How do we construct gender in our society today? How would you address gender construction in a counseling session?
Question
How has the historical representation of gender influenced the construction of gender and gender norms in society today?
Question
Discuss covert or "modern" forms of sexism found in schools, families, workplaces, and careers.
Question
Identify and describe the four patterns of male gender role conflict (GRC).
Question
Discuss at least three of the mental health consequences of sexism addressed in the chapte.
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Deck 5: Gender and Sexism
1
The term transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) may include people who identify and describe themselves as

A) transsexuals.
B) genderqueers.
C) cross-dressers.
D) All of the above.
All of the above.
2
Women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with

A) schizotypal personality disorder.
B) depression.
C) sexual addiction.
D) autism.
depression.
3
Enforcement of male-dominated norms is an example of

A) heterosexism.
B) homophobia.
C) sexism.
D) transphobia.
sexism.
4
Traditional women's roles were challenged during which major event?

A) World War I
B) World War II
C) The Stonewall Rebellion
D) The Civil War
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
5
__________ occurs when women or men begin to believe systemically received negative messages about their own sex.

A) Sexism
B) Male privilege
C) Internalized sexism
D) Female privilege
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
6
Sexism manifests as women internalize doubt in their own abilities through

A) the imposter phenomenon.
B) social consequences.
C) attribution bias.
D) social stressors.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
7
Male counselors tend to speak

A) more assertively with women but more tentatively with other men.
B) more assertively overall with men and women.
C) less assertively with women.
D) less assertively with other men.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
8
Female counselors tend to speak

A) more assertively with other women but more tentatively with men.
B) more assertively overall (with men and women).
C) less assertively with women.
D) more assertively with men.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
9
In terms of race and gender, same-race and same-gender dyads

A) allow for the client and counselor to more quickly establish rapport.
B) guarantee better treatment outcomes.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
10
According to government statistics, women are

A) less likely than men to be depressed.
B) twice as likely as men to be depressed.
C) five times more likely than men to be depressed.
D) as likely as men to be depressed.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
11
According to government statistics, girls are

A) less likely than boys to be depressed.
B) as likely as boys to be depressed.
C) seven times more likely than boys to be depressed.
D) twice as likely as boys to be depressed.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
12
Normative male alexithymia is

A) a physical syndrome that affects men in their twenties.
B) an inability to put feelings into words that results from a long socialization process in which boys are taught to suppress and deny their feelings of vulnerability.
C) a process in which men feel the need to compete with each other.
D) None of the above.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
13
Male gender role conflict (GRC)

A) relates to how men treat women.
B) constitutes the majority of referrals for counseling.
C) describes how gender role socialization can result in negative consequences for men who remain rigid in changing circumstances.
D) None of the above.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
14
Patterns of male gender role conflict include

A) success, power and competition.
B) conflicts between work and family relationships.
C) restricted emotionality.
D) All of the above.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
15
The term machismo refers to a cultural norm regarding gender in __________ culture.

A) Arab
B) Hispanic
C) African
D) None of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
16
It is considered more respectful to use _____ pronouns when referring to people who identify as genderqueer.

A) she/her
B) he/him
C) they/them
D) All of the above are respectful pronouns.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
17
Internalized sexism is

A) being a sexist only on the inside.
B) punishment for men who are sexist.
C) a manifestation of male privilege.
D) people who are born sexist.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
18
Incorporating a gender sensitive perspective is important for the counselor working with

A) men only.
B) women only.
C) children only.
D) all populations.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
19
Problems that we think of as typically male (e.g., difficulty with intimacy, workaholism, alcoholism, abusive behavior, rage) are often attempts to escape

A) depression.
B) anger.
C) sex.
D) anxiety.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
20
When counseling men, gender-sensitive counselors should engage in specific behaviors that

A) create empathy.
B) express feelings.
C) set specific goals early.
D) are sympathetic.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
21
Transgenerational focus refers to

A) the concept that greater understanding of individual men can be gained by revisiting their relationships with their fathers, grandfathers and other men in their family.
B) the tendency for men to act like their fathers and grandfathers and other men in their family.
C) the inability of men to focus on other perspectives outside of their fathers, grandfathers and other men in their family.
D) the concept that men are the focus of their fathers, grandfathers and the other men within their own family.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
22
_____ describes people who feel that the sex they were assigned at birth is in alignment with their identified gender.

A) Transgender
B) Gender conforming
C) Gender nonconforming
D) Cisgender
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
23
TGNC stands for ______ and describes people whose gender identities and expressions do not fit into societal norms of sex assignment and the gender binary.

A) transgender and gender nonconforming
B) the gender neutral conforming
C) transgender and cisgender
D) All of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
24
______ is a system of oppression based on sex, gender identity, and gender expression.

A) Sexism
B) Male privilege
C) Genderism
D) Classism
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
25
In addition to developing the awareness, knowledge, skills, and actions to address gender and sexism in the counseling process, which of the following factors may lead to more effective outcomes?

A) Client-counselor matching
B) Exploration of racial and cultural differences
C) Communication styles
D) All of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
26
A common stressor in women's lives is

A) negative media messages.
B) economic inequity.
C) multiple role overload.
D) All of the above.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
27
According to Earkas and Leaper (2015), girls become women through

A) oppositional behaviors.
B) learning to be independent.
C) relational activities.
D) All of the above.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
28
According to Earkas and Leaper (2015), boys become men through

A) learning to be tough and independent.
B) relational activities.
C) emotional expression.
D) All of the above.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
29
To emotionally relate to others, many men will use

A) shame-based responses.
B) denial.
C) minimization or silence.
D) All of the above.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
30
_______ is a term used to describe a theory of understanding how traditional gender role socialization can result in negative consequences for men who remain rigid in changing circumstances.

A) Male privilege
B) Sexism
C) Male gender role conflict
D) Classism
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
31
The male GRC pattern of _______ describes the degree to which men are socialized to focus on high achievement personally and professionally.

A) success, power, and competition
B) conflict between work and family relationships
C) restricted emotionality
D) restricted affectionate behavior between men
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
32
People who are ______ are those who have variations of reproductive or sexual anatomy that do not fit into the socially constructed definitions of male (XX) and female (XY).

A) cisgender
B) genderqueer
C) intersex
D) All of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
33
People who are TGNC experience

A) employment discrimination.
B) lack of healthcare access.
C) high rates of homelessness and poverty.
D) All of the above.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
34
The first wave of feminism as a social justice movement in the U.S. focused on

A) equality of the sexes.
B) suffrage and suffrage-related issues.
C) sexual harassment, domestic abuse, and the wage gap.
D) issues important to women of color and queer people.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
35
The second wave of feminism in the U.S.

A) expanded the focus on equal rights to reproductive rights for women.
B) focused on suffrage and suffrage-related issues.
C) focused on sexual harassment, domestic abuse, and the wage gap.
D) focused on issues important to women of color and queer people.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
36
______ families may endorse more matriarchal norms, with women's roles described as those of strength and resourcefulness.

A) Asian American
B) Hispanic/Latino American
C) African American
D) European American
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
37
_____ is a term that describes the gender role expression of Latinas and refers to extreme femininity and subordination to males.

A) Machismo
B) Marianismo
C) Familismo
D) All of the above
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
38
Judith Herman's (1992) Trauma and Recovery outlines three stages vital for women's recovery from sexual abuse. The first stage involves

A) making meaning of the trauma.
B) ensuring that survivors are safe from their abusers.
C) helping survivors reconnect with their sense of self.
D) All of the above.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
39
The imposter phenomenon was found to occur more frequently in _____, due to multiple roles and the expectation to fulfill each role perfectly.

A) women than men
B) men than women
C) collectivist cultures than individualistic cultures
D) individualistic cultures than collectivist cultures
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
40
A recommended strategy for counselors to address sexism in counseling is

A) to identify strengths and resources of women clients who are cisgender and TGNC.
B) to help clients who are cisgender and TGNC identify external barriers that affect their development.
C) to teach self-empowerment skills to clients who are cisgender and TGNC.
D) All of the above are recommended strategies.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
41
An example of male privilege is

A) men having multiple sex partners without being labeled as promiscuous.
B) men being afraid to walk alone at night in a public place.
C) Both of the above.
D) None of the above.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
42
By age ____, most children can identify "what boys do" versus "what girls do" as a demonstration of their understanding of personality characteristics and mannerisms socially assigned to each gender.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 6
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
43
Provide examples of how the counseling profession has responded to sexism?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
44
What are some of your own assumptions, values and biases regarding gender and where did they come from?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
45
As a result of reading the chapter on gender and sexism, how has your awareness of various client worldviews regarding gender and sexism changed or been enhanced? What are some areas you still may need to work on?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
46
Write down a list of all the various "types" of clients you may work with, in terms of gender and its intersections with race/ethnicity, spirituality, and social class. What are some culturally appropriate intervention strategies you might use when working with each type of client?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
47
Consider Erikson's (1968) fifth stage, identity versus confusion. What was your experience like during this stage, specifically related to your gender?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
48
How do you currently express your social sex role identity and does this differ from your childhood? What specific positive and negative memories do you have of messages you got from others about this (e.g., tomboy, princess)?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
49
Check out the APA Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Girls and Women. What are five ways you might practice advocacy with clients based on these guidelines?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
50
How does GRC limit men's ability to cope with transition and life's stressors?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
51
What factors influence treatment outcomes in counseling in reference to race and gender?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
52
What are some examples of internalized sexism in the world today? What might that look like in a client?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
53
Gender is biologically and socially determined. How do we construct gender in our society today? How would you address gender construction in a counseling session?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
54
How has the historical representation of gender influenced the construction of gender and gender norms in society today?
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
55
Discuss covert or "modern" forms of sexism found in schools, families, workplaces, and careers.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
56
Identify and describe the four patterns of male gender role conflict (GRC).
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
57
Discuss at least three of the mental health consequences of sexism addressed in the chapte.
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.
Unlock Deck
k this deck
locked card icon
Unlock Deck
Unlock for access to all 57 flashcards in this deck.