Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance 9th Edition by Scott Powers, Edward Howley

Exercise 13

List and define the function of six important secondary messengers in skeletal muscle.

Step 1 of 8

Secondary messengers are the molecules that relay signals brought to the cell surface by primary messengers. They relay signals from cell exterior into the target molecules in the cytosol. Exercise induces several signal pathways which further activate several secondary messengers. The following are the important secondary messengers that play major role in exercise induced muscle adaptation:

• AMPK (5’ adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase)

• P38

• Prostaglandin C-I?

• Calmdulin dependent kinase (CaMK)

• Calciuneurin

• IGF-I/Akt/mTOR

• NF?B