Introduction to Epidemiology 6th Edition by Ray M Merrill

Exercise 5

TABLE 2 Female Age-adjusted (to the 2000 U.S. Standard Population) Malignant First Primary Breast Cancer Incidence Rates in San Francisco and the Metropolitan Areas of Detroit and Atlanta for Whites and Blacks, 2006–2008

	White	Black	Other
Location	Rate per 100,000	Rate per 100,000	Rate per 100,000
San Francisco	139.3	122.1	103.2
Detroit (metropolitan)	120.8	120.4	59.2
Atlanta (metropolitan)	120.4	125.9	71.6
Three areas combined	127.6	122.8	95.4

Data from Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute. SEER*Stat software Version 6.4.4.

Available at: http:///www.seer.cancer.gov/seerstat.Accessed January 10, 2012.

Do these data provide any clues as to whether race is a risk factor for female breast cancer?

Step 1 of 3

Exploratory studies are conducted, in order to; find the association between the tested parameters. For the measurement of association the contingency tables are used, and then the data for one variable is compared, with the other, in order to find the relationship between the variables. Contingency tables take into account, all the entries for the tested variable.