Introduction to Epidemiology 6th Edition by Ray M Merrill

Exercise 2

What are confounding variables? How might they affect a research study? What are the problems and limitations of confounding variables in this study?

Step 1 of 3

In any research, certain confounding variables are factors that affect the independent and dependent variables of the research and result in an incorrect outcome or finding. The confounding variables are also called as third variables.

In the given case study also, certain confounding variables could be active which the researchers might not have taken into considerations and neglect of these variables affects the overall implications of the case study.