Introduction to Epidemiology 6th Edition by Ray M Merrill

Exercise 9

In the examples or circumstances presented, what were the various modes of transmission stated or at least alluded to?Which were correct?Which were incorrect and why?What role did personal hygiene and sanitation (including food preparation and hand washing) play in the transmission of the disease and continuation of an outbreak?

Step 1 of 3

Cholera is a contagious disease that is transmitted by consumption of contaminated food and water. This type of transmission route is called as fecal-oral route. People living in crowded areas, are more prone to get infected with this disease. The causative agents of cholera are the various strains of bacterium Vibrio cholerae.

V.cholerae is a comma-shaped, gram negative bacterium. It releases endotoxins, called as cholera toxins that cause intestinal cramps and diarrhea. Dehydration, cramps, vomiting are the major symptoms of cholera. It is both endemic as well as epidemic disease, and is prevalent more in the developing countries.

Treatment involves administration of electrolytes to the patient to restore electrolyte and water balance in the body. Drugs like doxycycline or azithromycin are also given to the patients suffering from cholera.