The present value factor for a single amount for 5 periods, at a discount rate of 16% in Table 6-4 is 0.4761.  Thus, $100,000 * 0.4761 = $47,610 present value.

a. Since interest will be compounded twice per year, the number of periods is 10 (5 years * 2) and the rate is 8% (16% / 2).  The present factor for 10 periods at 8% from Table 6-4 is 0.4632.  Thus, $100,000 * 0.4632 = $46,320 present value.