Deck 41: Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

The underlying pathogenic mechanism for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is

A) pancreatic $\beta$ -cell destruction.
B) lack of insulin receptors.
C) lack of exercise and chronic overeating.
D) impaired glucose transport into cells.

Answer 1

impaired glucose transport into cells.

Question 2

Patients with type 2 diabetes usually have a higher than normal production of insulin.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Diabetic neuropathy is thought to result from

A) elevated neuronal osmolality.
B) elevated HbA_1c.
C) deficient neuronal insulin receptors.
D) neuronal demyelination.

Answer 3

elevated neuronal osmolality.

Question 4

Which of the following hormones will not increase serum glucose level?

A) Vasopressin
B) Glucagon
C) Growth hormone
D) Catecholamine

Question 5

Glucagon is secreted from pancreatic $\beta$ cells.

Question 6

Neurons and muscle cells both require insulin for glucose entry into their cytoplasm.

Question 7

Insulin binding to its receptor on target cells results in

A) increased active transport of glucose into the cell.
B) glycogen breakdown within target cells.
C) increased facilitated diffusion of glucose into cells.
D) gluconeogenesis.

Question 8

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is often associated with

A) nonketotic hyperosmolality.
B) childhood.
C) autoimmune destruction of the pancreas.
D) ketoacidosis.

Question 9

C-peptide is secreted in a 1:1 ratio with insulin.

Question 10

A type of insulin that would be most appropriate for acute management of hyperglycemia is

A) NPH.
B) semilente.
C) regular.
D) ultralente.

Question 11

Which of the following indicators is most helpful in evaluating long-term blood glucose management in patients with diabetes mellitus?

A) Blood glucose levels
B) Urine glucose levels
C) Glycosylated hemoglobin levels (HbA_1c)
D) Clinical manifestations of hyperglycemia

Question 12

Which of the following clinical findings usually is not associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus?

A) Polyuria
B) Polydipsia
C) Polyphagia
D) Obesity

Question 13

Growth hormone increases insulin resistance in peripheral tissues.

Question 14

A clinical finding consistent with a hypoglycemic reaction is

A) acetone breath.
B) warm, dry skin.
C) trembling.
D) hyperventilation.

Question 15

Which of the following therapies would not be appropriate for a patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus?

A) High-carbohydrate, low-fat diet
B) Daily exercise
C) Insulin
D) Oral hypoglycemic agents