Deck 2: Histology and Embryology

Question 1

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
The possible cause of the furcation involvement on the facial area of #30 is:

A)Enamel projection onto the root surface
B)Palato-gingival groove
C)Occlusal trauma
D)Frena pull
E)None of the above; no furcation involvement is noted radiographically

Answer 1

Enamel projection onto the root surface

Question 2

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
What type of connective tissue underlies the epithelium of the gingival?

A)Reticular
B)Elastic
C)Fibrous
D)Submucosa
E)Oxytalan

Answer 2

Fibrous

Question 3

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
Which of the following tissue changes result in erythematous gingiva?

A)Increased keratinization
B)Presence of inflammatory cells
C)Increased vascularization
D)Increased production of collagen
E)Necrosis of epithelium

Answer 3

Increased vascularization

Question 4

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
Enamel projections on the root surface are attributed to the differentiation of:

A)Cementoblasts
B)Enamel spindles
C)Primary enamel cuticle
D)Enamel tufts
E)Hertwig's epithelial root sheath

Question 5

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
What does bleeding caused by probing indicate?

A)Loss of crestal bone
B)An increase in gingival vasculature
C)Fibrosis in the connective tissue
D)Ulceration of crevicular epithelium
E)Apical migration of junctional epithelium

Question 6

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
A 28-year-old client has a mandibular labial oral piercing. On oral assessment, she exhibits a palpable nodule in the area of the piercing. She states that she noticed the "little lump" about a year after she received the piercing. She received the mandibular labial and tongue piercings approximately 2 years ago. She does not remember biting her lip. She has come to the dental office because she chipped the enamel of her mandibular central incisor and she is experiencing dentinal hypersensitivity. epithelium.
The sensitivity of the client's mandibular incisors is MOST likely related to:

A)Fluid entering the sulcular epithelium
B)Fluid entering the rodless enamel
C)Fluid entering the dentinal tubules
D)Fluid entering the lacuna of the cementum

Question 7

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
A 28-year-old client has a mandibular labial oral piercing. On oral assessment, she exhibits a palpable nodule in the area of the piercing. She states that she noticed the "little lump" about a year after she received the piercing. She received the mandibular labial and tongue piercings approximately 2 years ago. She does not remember biting her lip. She has come to the dental office because she chipped the enamel of her mandibular central incisor and she is experiencing dentinal hypersensitivity. epithelium.
Because of the proximity of odontoblastic cell bodies to nerve terminal endings in the tooth, clinical exposure of dentin may result in sensitivity. What is the location of the odontoblastic bodies?

A)Dentin
B)Pulp
C)Enamel
D)Cementum
E)Periodontal ligament

Question 8

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
A 28-year-old client has a mandibular labial oral piercing. On oral assessment, she exhibits a palpable nodule in the area of the piercing. She states that she noticed the "little lump" about a year after she received the piercing. She received the mandibular labial and tongue piercings approximately 2 years ago. She does not remember biting her lip. She has come to the dental office because she chipped the enamel of her mandibular central incisor and she is experiencing dentinal hypersensitivity. epithelium.
When a cyst shows up radiographically, it has a well-defined border; this cyst of the mandibular labial tissue will show up radiographically.

A)Both statements are true
B)Both statements are false
C)The first statement is true; the second is false
D)The first statement is false; the second is true

Question 9

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
A 28-year-old client has a mandibular labial oral piercing. On oral assessment, she exhibits a palpable nodule in the area of the piercing. She states that she noticed the "little lump" about a year after she received the piercing. She received the mandibular labial and tongue piercings approximately 2 years ago. She does not remember biting her lip. She has come to the dental office because she chipped the enamel of her mandibular central incisor and she is experiencing dentinal hypersensitivity. epithelium.
The client habitually removed the labial piercing during the first year after she received the piercing. The layer of stratified squamous epithelium that constantly undergoes mitosis was pushed down into the underlying connective tissue. These epithelial cells served as the source of cyst formation. In which layer of the epidermis are cells undergoing mitosis most likely to be seen?

A)Stratum basal
B)Stratum lucidum
C)Stratum corneum
D)Stratum spinosum
E)Stratum granulosum

Question 10

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
A 28-year-old client has a mandibular labial oral piercing. On oral assessment, she exhibits a palpable nodule in the area of the piercing. She states that she noticed the "little lump" about a year after she received the piercing. She received the mandibular labial and tongue piercings approximately 2 years ago. She does not remember biting her lip. She has come to the dental office because she chipped the enamel of her mandibular central incisor and she is experiencing dentinal hypersensitivity. epithelium.
The nodule in the area of the labial piercing is diagnosed as a cyst. A cyst is all of the following EXCEPT:

A)An abnormal pathologic sac
B)A cavity lined by epithelial tissue
C)Enclosed by connective tissue
D)Diagnosed on the basis of histologic appearance and location
E)Composed entirely of connective tissue

Question 11

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
Which of the following tissues have little or no keratinization?

A)Attached gingiva
B)Interdental papilla
C)Lingual papilla
D)Hard palate
E)Sulcular epithelium

Question 12

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
The bottom of the gingival sulcus is marked by the:

A)Marginal gingiva
B)Junctional epithelium
C)Alveolar crest
D)Sulcular epithelium
E)Periodontal ligament

Question 13

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
Definitive diagnosis of furcation involvement is made by:

A)Clinical probing
B)Reviewing the client's history
C)Checking the mobility of the tooth
D)Inspecting the radiographs of the area

Question 14

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
The tissue lining of an unhealthy gingival sulcus consists of:

A)Keratinized epithelium with rete pegs
B)Keratinized epithelium without rete pegs
C)Nonkeratinized epithelium with rete pegs
D)Nonkeratinized epithelium without rete pegs
E)Parakeratinized epithelium with rete pegs

Question 15

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
The MOST likely periodontal diagnosis for this client would be:

A)Generalized severe chronic periodontitis
B)Generalized severe chronic gingivitis
C)Generalized moderate chronic gingivitis with localized area of severe chronic periodontitis
D)Generalized moderate chronic periodontitis with localized severe chronic periodontitis
E)Generalized mild chronic periodontitis

Question 16

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
A 28-year-old client has a mandibular labial oral piercing. On oral assessment, she exhibits a palpable nodule in the area of the piercing. She states that she noticed the "little lump" about a year after she received the piercing. She received the mandibular labial and tongue piercings approximately 2 years ago. She does not remember biting her lip. She has come to the dental office because she chipped the enamel of her mandibular central incisor and she is experiencing dentinal hypersensitivity. epithelium.
Bone loss is noted on the periapical radiograph of the mandibular incisors. The crest of the alveolar bone is usually apical to the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) by:

A)The CEJ
B)0.75 to 1.49 mm
C)3 mm to 4 mm
D)4 mm to 5 mm
E)0.5 mm

Question 17

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath is derived from the:

A)Inner enamel epithelium
B)Reduced enamel epithelium
C)Primary enamel cuticle
D)Rests of Malassez
E)Periodontal ligament

Question 18

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
A 28-year-old client has a mandibular labial oral piercing. On oral assessment, she exhibits a palpable nodule in the area of the piercing. She states that she noticed the "little lump" about a year after she received the piercing. She received the mandibular labial and tongue piercings approximately 2 years ago. She does not remember biting her lip. She has come to the dental office because she chipped the enamel of her mandibular central incisor and she is experiencing dentinal hypersensitivity. epithelium.
Some loss of enamel is evident on the lingual aspects of the client's maxillary central incisors because of their contact with the lingual piercing. The tooth structure loss that occurs from pathologic wear of teeth by foreign substance is called:

A)Attrition
B)Erosion
C)Abfraction
D)Abrasion
E)Dental caries

Question 19

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
In gingivitis, poor tissue tone is caused by:

A)Bleeding
B)Dilation of blood vessels
C)Destruction of collagen fibers
D)Large numbers of inflammatory cells

Question 20

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
A 28-year-old client has a mandibular labial oral piercing. On oral assessment, she exhibits a palpable nodule in the area of the piercing. She states that she noticed the "little lump" about a year after she received the piercing. She received the mandibular labial and tongue piercings approximately 2 years ago. She does not remember biting her lip. She has come to the dental office because she chipped the enamel of her mandibular central incisor and she is experiencing dentinal hypersensitivity. epithelium.
Of the following tissues, which one or more have nerve innervations?

A)Dentin and enamel
B)Enamel and cementum
C)Pulp and periodontal ligament
D)Dentin, pulp and periodontal ligament
E)Enamel, dentin, pulp and periodontal ligament

Question 21

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
Alveolar bone is the most stable of all periodontal tissues. Pressures used in orthodontic therapy encourage the bone to be stable.

A)Both statements are TRUE
B)Both statements are FALSE
C)The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE
D)The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE

Question 22

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
Which of the following are characteristics of bundle bone (the alveolar bone proper)?

A)Covered by endosteum and adjacent to periodontal ligament
B)Adjacent to periodontal ligament and adjacent to fatty marrow
C)Adjacent to fatty marrow and containing Sharpey's fibers
D)Adjacent to the periodontal ligament and containing Sharpey's fibers

Question 23

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
Cementum resorbs less readily than does bone. Cementoid, the outer, less calcified layer of cemental tissue, results in cementum resorbing less readily than bone.

A)Both statements are TRUE
B)Both statements are FALSE
C)The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE
D)The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE

Question 24

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
The maxillary right canine and the first premolar were orthodontically moved labially outside of the outer cortical plate. A cleft-like absence of the alveolar cortical plate resulting in a denuded root surface is called:

A)Lability
B)Physiologic migration
C)Dehiscence
D)Fenestration

Question 25

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
Which of the following tissues of the normal periodontium is the alveolar bone directly adjacent to?

A)Periodontal ligament and gingival epithelium
B)Cementum, epithelial attachment, and gingival epithelium
C)Periodontal ligament and gingival connective tissue
D)Periodontal ligament and epithelial attachment
E)Periodontal ligament and cementum

Question 26

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
The outer, less calcified layer of cementum is called:

A)Cellular cementum
B)Acellular cementum
C)Cementoid
D)Cementicles
E)Sharpey's fibers

Question 27

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
Through tooth movement, the periodontal ligament fibers must be reoriented. The cells that are important in the formation of the principal fibers of the periodontal ligament are:

A)Cementoblasts
B)Cementoclasts
C)Osteoblasts
D)Osteoclasts
E)Fibroblasts

Question 28

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
When is root formation completed?

A)On tooth eruption
B)2 to 3 months after eruption
C)6 to 8 months after eruption
D)1 to 4 years after eruption
E)Never

Question 29

The anterior portion, or body, of the tongue develops from the:

A)Second branchial arch
B)Maxillary process
C)Mandibular process
D)Globular process
E)Rathke's pouch

Question 30

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
A specialized periosteum which forms and resorbs bone and cementum is called:

A)Circumferential bone
B)Endosteum
C)Cortical bone
D)Lamina dura
E)Periodontal ligament

Question 31

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
The types of epithelia found lining the oral cavity include:

A)Simple and stratified squamous
B)Stratified, cuboidal, and squamous
C)Keratinized, simple, and stratified squamous
D)Keratinized and nonkeratinized stratified squamous

Question 32

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
The color of the gingiva may be attributed to all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Keratinization
B)Connective tissue projections
C)Thickness of the epithelium
D)Blood supply
E)Pigmentation

Question 33

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
Remnants of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath found in the periodontal ligament of a functioning tooth are called:

A)Enamel pearls
B)Denticles
C)Rests of Malassez
D)Cementicles
E)Intermediate plexus

Question 34

Embryonically, the mandible is derived from the:

A)Stomodeum
B)First branchial arch
C)Frontal process
D)Second branchial arch
E)Third branchial arch

Question 35

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
During orthodontic treatment, pressure applied to the periodontal ligament is intended to produce bone formation. Pressure on the periodontal ligament stimulates bone formation.

A)Both statements are TRUE
B)Both statements are FALSE
C)The first statement is TRUE; the second statement is FALSE
D)The first statement is FALSE; the second statement is TRUE

Question 36

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
Cementum is a product of:

A)Periodontal ligament
B)Dentin
C)Pulp
D)Hertwig's root sheath
E)Alveolar bone

Question 37

Use Case B to answer The Following questions
CASE B
A 48-year-old woman is being treated by the dental hygienist for the first time. She states that she is in very good health. Clinical examination reveals generalized bleeding of the gingiva with generalized rolled margins, bulbous interdental papillae, and no signs of inflammation of the attached gingiva. A 1-mm zone of attached gingiva on the facials of the mandibular central incisors and a class I furcation on the facial of tooth #30 are noted. She has a 7-mm clinical attachment loss reading on the facial of #30. Radiographs do not reveal the furcation, but a radiopacity that is continuous with the coronal enamel and extends into the furcation is noted. No other attachment loss or bone loss is noted throughout the mouth. Occlusal evaluation reveals no premature contacts or signs of tooth wear.
Hertwig's epithelial root sheath is entirely composed of:

A)All layers of the enamel organ
B)Enamel organ and dental papilla
C)Inner and outer cells of the dental papilla
D)Inner and outer enamel epithelium
E)Dental papilla and dental sac

Question 38

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
The stippled texture of the gingiva may be attributed to:

A)Keratinization
B)Connective tissue projections
C)Presence of submucosa
D)Optimal blood supply
E)Pigmentation

Question 39

Use Case C to answer The Following questions
CASE C
A 12-year-old client with orthodontics has generalized healthy gingiva that is coral pink and stippled. The orthodontist has stated that the tooth movement is on schedule. Some recession is noted on the maxillary left canine and the first premolar. The first premolar demonstrates some mobility. Orthodontic tooth movement involves the function of the periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone.
Which of the following cells does the periodontal ligament contain?

A)Fibroblasts and osteocytes
B)Osteoclasts and cementoblasts
C)Cementocytes and fibroblasts
D)Osteocytes and cementocytes
E)Osteoblasts and osteocytes

Question 40

Epithelial tissues are characterized by:

A)Much intercellular substance and few cells
B)No intercellular substance
C)Little intercellular substance and many cells
D)Intercellular substance in surface layer only

Question 41

The periodontal ligament is derived from the:

A)Dental sac
B)Dental papilla
C)Dental lamina
D)Cementum
E)Alveolar bone

Question 42

Dentin is a product of the:

A)Dental lamina
B)Dental organ
C)Dental papilla
D)Dental cuticle
E)Dental sac

Question 43

A cleft lip occurs when the maxillary process fails to fuse with the:

A)Palatine process
B)Globular process
C)Lateral nasal process
D)Mandibular process
E)Opposing maxillary process

Question 44

During embryonic development, neural crest cells migrate to the branchial arches and surround the:

A)Ectoderm
B)Mesoderm
C)Endoderm
D)Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm

Question 45

One of the first structures of the face to develop in the primitive embryo is the:

A)Mandible
B)Nose
C)Stomodeum
D)Maxilla
E)First branchial arch

Question 46

When a cleft of the alveolar process is present, it occurs between the:

A)First and second premolars
B)Central incisors
C)Lateral incisor and canine
D)Canine and first premolar
E)Central and lateral incisor

Question 47

The cementum is derived from the:

A)Reduced enamel epithelium
B)Dental papilla
C)Outer enamel epithelium
D)Dental sac
E)Alveolar bone

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT part of the enamel organ?

A)Outer enamel epithelium
B)Dental papilla
C)Stratum intermedium
D)Inner enamel epithelium
E)Stellate reticulum

Question 49

All of the following tooth tissues are derived from the mesoderm EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Enamel
B)Dentin
C)Cementum
D)Periodontal ligament
E)Alveolar bone

Question 50

The lateral palatine processes initially grow downward toward the future floor of the mouth. This is caused by the presence of the:

A)Tongue
B)Nasal septum
C)Maxillary process
D)Premaxilla
E)Mandibular process