Deck 16: The Process of Change: We Can Make a Difference

Question 1

Your boss is pressuring you to donate to the company charity when you have never supported the charity before. This is a:

A) Stress
B) Strain
C) Symbolic change
D) Stigma

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The implications of terrorist suicide bombings are generally:

A) Micro level, with some macro-level implications
B) Meso level, with some micro-level implications
C) Macro level, with some micro-level implications
D) Global, with some micro-level implications

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Carlin wants to study the civil rights movement in the United States. His hypothesis is that the movement has actually been a series of slow, small changes that have helped society run more smoothly. Carlin is likely using a:

A) Symbolic interactionist perspective
B) Functionalist perspective
C) Conflict perspective
D) World systems perspective

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to evolutionary theory, societies typically move through stages in which order?

A) Horticultural, hunting and gathering, agrarian, industrial
B) Hunting and gathering, horticultural, agrarian, industrial
C) Hunting and gathering, agrarian, horticultural, industrial
D) Agrarian, hunting and gathering, horticultural, industrial

Question 5

Khayyam is examining the evolution of the various tribes of people in Malawi, a small country in Africa. Khayyam believes that each of the societies has become more advanced over the last 300 years, but each has done so in its own way. Khayyam is likely taking the:

A) Cyclical perspective
B) Unilinear social evolutionary perspective
C) Multilinear social evolutionary perspective
D) World systems perspective

Question 6

The theory of social change that assumes that change is inevitable because of inequality in society is:

A) Symbolic interactionist
B) Functionalist
C) Conflict
D) Systems

Question 7

Which of the following countries do world systems theorists consider a core nation?

A) France
B) Mexico
C) China
D) Saudi Arabia

Question 8

According to world systems theory, what type of nation provides raw materials and cheap labor for production?

A) Core
B) Semiperipheral
C) Peripheral
D) Both B and C

Question 9

The impact that the large baby boomer generation is having on the U.S. social security system is a:

A) Stress
B) Strain
C) Symbolic change
D) Stigma

Question 10

The statement "A group seeking change can attempt to set up a situation in which desired behavior is rewarded" most closely reflects:

A) Symbolic interaction theory
B) Functionalist theory
C) Conflict theory
D) Rational choice theory

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a mass behavior?

A) Riots
B) Demonstrations
C) Fads
D) Crowds

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a crowd behavior?

A) Fashions
B) Rumors
C) Panics
D) Fads

Question 13

Variations or alterations over time in the behavior patterns, culture, and structure of society are:

A) Cyclical theories
B) Social change
C) Social strain
D) Stressors

Question 14

Riots and demonstrations are a form of:

A) Crowd behavior
B) Fad behavior
C) Mass behavior
D) Social movement

Question 15

An analysis of the payoffs in favor of change versus the forces rewarding the status quo is known as a:

A) Rational choice analysis
B) Power elite analysis
C) Cyclical analysis
D) Stress-strain analysis

Question 16

Which theory of social change focuses on individuals' agency to change society?

A) Symbolic interaction
B) Cyclical theory
C) Social evolution
D) Functionalist theory

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a result of NAFTA?

A) Trade has decreased
B) U.S. exports have increased
C) Tariffs are down
D) International trade has increased among Canada, Mexico, and the United States

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of strain experienced by an organization?

A) Political dynamics at the national level
B) Natural disasters
C) Religious beliefs influencing management decisions
D) None of the above

Question 19

Worldwide networks of labor resources and production processes that create a product are called:

A) International systems
B) Channels of productivity
C) International markets
D) Commodity chains

Question 20

Which of the following is not true about social change?

A) Some change is planned.
B) Some change is gradual and some rapid.
C) Changes in one level affect only that level.
D) Change is ubiquitous.

Question 21

The ALS (Lou Gehrig's disease) "ice bucket challenge," hashtagging, and the phrase "YOLO" are examples of:

A) Mobs
B) Crowd behavior
C) Fads
D) Fashions

Question 22

The social world model is based on the assumption that change, whether evolutionary or revolutionary, is inevitable.

Question 23

Bai-lin is studying a group of anarchists who are working to try to eliminate all government and government control as a whole from the United States and encourage everyone instead to rule themselves individually. The group Bai-lin is studying is likely a part of a(n):

A) Expressive movement
B) Revolutionary movement
C) Resistance movement
D) Social reform movement

Question 24

Which of the following is not true about social movements?

A) They focus on common interests.
B) They are most common in industrial or postindustrial societies.
C) They often stimulate countermovements.
D) They are usually begun by individuals within the power structure.

Question 25

The stage of a social movement in which the context for the movement is set is the ___________ stage:

A) preliminary
B) popularization
C) institutionalized
D) fragmentation

Question 26

Which of the following is a proactive social movement?

A) A group promoting same-sex marriage
B) A group that is against same-sex marriage
C) A group that supports stay-at-home mothers
D) A group that lobbies for men to earn a "family wage"

Question 27

Which of the following statements about rumors is false?

A) Rumors are a form of mass behavior.
B) Rumors involve unsupported or unproven reports about something of concern.
C) Rumors are a form of crowd behavior.
D) Rumors may spread locally or spread more widely because of technology such as the Internet.

Question 28

Maria's group formed to argue for greater student rights. At this point, the interest in the group seems to be waning, and Maria has been unable to raise the necessary funds to keep the group going. It appears that the group is dissolving. Which stage is the group likely in?

A) Fragmentation
B) Institutionalized
C) Postmovement
D) Popularization

Question 29

According to the text, lynching, group killings, and hate crimes are all examples of:

A) Riots
B) Demonstrations
C) Fads
D) Mobs

Question 30

A system of planned organizational change in which workers are involved in the decision-making process to change the internal dynamics of a company to make it more efficient is a:

A) Human relations approach
B) Closed system model
C) Social exchange approach
D) Social planning model

Question 31

Conflict goals are one example of the stresses organizations may experience.

Question 32

The United States has not approved the Kyoto Protocol on global warming,

Question 33

The spread of a new finding from one place to another is known as:

A) Discovery
B) Invention
C) Innovation
D) Diffusion

Question 34

Ulla wants to study the way that groups of individuals decide to behave following a terrorist attack in their area. She feels that people's confusion following the attack will lead to the development of new definitions of acceptable behavior. Ulla is most likely using:

A) Minimax strategy theory
B) Value-added theory
C) Emergent norm theory
D) Conflict theory

Question 35

Which of the following is not a necessary condition for a social movement?

A) A strain or precipitation event
B) Shared social positions among members
C) Effective leadership
D) A communication network

Question 36

Acts of terrorism can simultaneously create jobs and lead to recessions.

Question 37

According to the text, which of the following models for planning organizational change combine(s) both internal processes and the external environment?

A) Human relations models
B) Theory Y
C) Open systems models
D) Theory X

Question 38

Which of the following is not a necessary element for collective behavior to occur, according to value-added theory?

A) Structural conduciveness
B) Structural strain
C) The spread of a generalized belief
D) Strong social controls

Question 39

According to William F. Ogburn, the findings of stem cell research are:

A) Discoveries
B) Inventions
C) Innovations
D) Diffusions

Question 40

The United State is under pressure to cut down on federal spending and is contributing less to ___________________________.

A) Technology
B) Environmental resources
C) Research and development
D) Oil pipelines

Question 41

Symbolic interaction theorists argue that change is caused by a disagreement between two or more parties.

Question 42

According to emergent norm theory, individuals try to minimize their losses or costs and maximize their benefits.

Question 43

Change in organizations is generally perceived as desirable if it is evolutionary or planned.

Question 44

Jana, a fashion design major, is appalled to hear that the university bookstore sells clothes made in sweatshops. In opposition to this, she and her friends form a sit-in at the bookstore. Jana can be classified as the leader of a social movement.

Question 45

According to world systems theory, peripheral countries are in an intermediate position in the world.

Question 46

One feature of social movements is that they are consciously organized.

Question 47

The social environment includes the institutionalized patterns of relationships that develop in organizations and nations.

Question 48

North Korea is a core nation.

Question 49

Sometimes behavior that results in change is unplanned, even spontaneous.

Question 50

As Jason is eating lunch, a friend tells him, "If we win the national championship, our instructor will give us all As." Jason then posts this on his Facebook wall, and by the next class, everyone is wearing their school colors to class. Jason created a crisis.

Question 51

Sociologists argue that the natural environment can create strain within an organization.

Question 52

A commodity chain is a worldwide network of labor resources and production processes that go into creating a product.

Question 53

The assumption that all societies progress through the same steps is a tenet of the unilinear social evolutionary theory.

Question 54

Riots differ from mobs in that riots focus on specific targets, while mobs may shift targets.

Question 55

The wearing of denim jeans by most people in the United States is an example of a fad.

Question 56

Following the death of Martin Luther King Jr., there were riots in many black communities. According to the text, these riots would be best described as a panic.

Question 57

The minimax strategy discussed in the text is based on principles of rational choice theory.

Question 58

Collective behaviors involve only micro-level individual actions.

Question 59

According to evolutionary theory, societies cannot skip steps in the evolutionary process.

Question 60

The social world model used in the text is an example of a closed-system model.

Question 61

Science differs from technology in that science is the practical application of technology.

Question 62

Expressive movements focus on changing individuals and saving people from corrupt lifestyles.

Question 63

Movements to improve the working conditions from actions brought about by multinational corporations are examples of resistance movements.

Question 64

New technological developments are primarily a force for world integration.

Question 65

Reactive social movements promote change in society.

Question 66

Revolutionary movements often use violent means to achieve their goals.

Question 67

Define and describe what sociologists mean by social change. Provide examples.

Question 68

Social reform movements are most often religious in nature.

Question 69

Compare and contrast open-system and closed-system models for planning organizational change.

Question 70

What are the differences between a strain and stress? Provide examples of each.

Question 71

Compare and contrast crowd and mass behaviors. Provide examples.

Question 72

List and briefly discuss the three main parts of the world system according to world systems theory.

Question 73

Regressive movements try to protect an existing system or part of a system.

Question 74

Social reform movements differ from revolutionary movements in that social reform movements often want to change all aspects of society, while revolutionary movements generally focus on only one issue.

Question 75

Identify at least three types of stresses that organizations may experience.

Question 76

Globalization from below refers to the efforts by common people in small groups and protest movements to fight back.

Question 77

In 2004, Lance Armstrong began selling his trademark yellow Livestrong bracelets to raise money for cancer research. Within 6 months of its release, the yellow bracelets (sold for $1 each) made $25.1 million and garnered much national attention for cancer research. Briefly explain how this fad "rippled" into a movement for social change.

Question 78

During the institutionalization stage, the social movement becomes a formal organization.

Question 79

Identify and briefly describe the four stages social movements are said to go through as they evolve.

Question 80

During the popularization stage, the purpose for a social movement is known and concrete.