Deck 2: Deciding Whats Right: a Prescriptive Approach

Question 1

Business managers generally rely on the consequentialist approach.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Ethical dilemmas represent conflicts in values.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

If you are asked to make hastily a decision that you believe raises potential ethical issues you should be a good team player and proceed with the decision.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Creativity and thinking out of the box are just a scoundrel's way of saying that coming up with alternatives in solving how you handle ethical issues are valuable skills to keep you from getting caught.

Question 5

The consequentialist approach protects the rights of the minority.

Question 6

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, developer of a key theory of moral reasoning, role taking is useless as nothing is gained by putting yourself in the shoes of others.

Question 7

A virtue ethics perspective requires a moral actor to look to the community that will hold the moral actor to the highest ethical standard and support the moral actor's intention to be a virtuous person.

Question 8

An ethical dilemma is defined as a situation where two or more "right" values are in conflict.

Question 9

Although all of the philosophical approaches have limitations, an individual must choose one approach and follow its guidance in every situation.

Question 10

A _______________ is any person or group with a stake in the issue at hand.

A) stakeholder
B) large customer
C) community committee
D) government party

Question 11

A virtue ethics perspective considers the actor's character, motivations, and intentions.

Question 12

Generally, ethical dilemmas are not routine. Therefore, there is no way that an individual can be prepared or informed for a problem ahead of time.

Question 13

Despite the disclosure rule, making decisions in private to avoid negative reaction is generally best for a business as it safeguards your firm's reputation and keeps competitive information away from your competitors.

Question 14

A major challenge of deontological approaches is deciding which duty, obligation, right, or principle takes precedence because ethical dilemma often pit these against each other.

Question 15

Most business managers rely on a deontological approach.

Question 16

A challenge involved in using a strictly consequentialist approach is that it is often difficult to obtain the information required to evaluate all of the consequences for all stakeholders who may be directly or indirectly affected by an action or decision.

Question 17

An appearance of a conflict of interest can be as damaging as an actual conflict.

Question 18

In business, concerning yourself with how your decision making affects stakeholders is useless given the number of stakeholders and their different interests.

Question 19

Utilitarianism is the best known example of a consequential theory.

Question 20

It is good advice to go with your gut.

Question 21

Reference: Matching Key Terms and Descriptions (each can be used more than once)
a) Deontological approach
b) Teleological (or Consequential) approach
c) Virtue ethics approach
For example, followers of this approach would rely on Western biblical tradition or moral intuition for guidance.

Question 22

Reference: Matching Key Terms and Descriptions (each can be used more than once)
a) Deontological approach
b) Teleological (or Consequential) approach
c) Virtue ethics approach
"What kind of world would this be if everyone behaved this way or made this kind of decision in this type of situation?"

Question 23

Reference: Matching Key Terms and Descriptions (each can be used more than once)
a) Deontological approach
b) Teleological (or Consequential) approach
c) Virtue ethics approach
Focuses on doing what is "right" based on broad, absolute and universal moral principles or values

Question 24

The __________ challenges one to ask, "how would you feel if your behavior appeared in The Wall Street Journal?"

A) veil of ignorance
B) categorical imperative
C) disclosure rule
D) confession constraint

Question 25

______ is probably the best-known consequentialist theory.

A) Utilitarianism
B) The disclosure rule
C) Deontological
D) Principle of value

Question 26

Reference: Matching Key Terms and Descriptions (each can be used more than once)
a) Deontological approach
b) Teleological (or Consequential) approach
c) Virtue ethics approach
Focuses on the integrity of the moral actor.

Question 27

A ________ focuses on doing what is "right" (based on moral principles or values such as honesty), whereas a _________ focuses on doing what will maximize societal welfare.

A) utilitarian; virtue follower
B) deontologist; consequentialist
C) virtue follower; utilitarian
D) consequentialist; deontologist

Question 28

The _____ approach focuses more on the integrity of the moral actor (the person) than on the moral act itself (the decision or behavior).

A) utilitarian
B) deontological
C) teleological
D) virtue ethics

Question 29

Reference: Matching Key Terms and Descriptions (each can be used more than once)
a) Deontological approach
b) Teleological (or Consequential) approach
c) Virtue ethics approach
Focuses on the results or consequences of the decision or action.

Question 30

Reference: Matching Approach and Weakness (each can be used more than once)
a) Deontological approach
b) Teleological approach
c) Virtue ethics approach
An individual's principles may be in conflict with what is best and causes the least amount of harm to another individual. For example, an individual who believes that he or she should not lie would be conflicted about telling the Nazi's he or she is hiding Jews in the basement.

Question 31

A major challenge of _____ approaches is deciding which duty, obligation, right, or principle takes precedence because, as we said earlier, ethical dilemmas often pit these against each other.

A) utilitarian
B) deontological
C) teleological
D) consequentialist

Question 32

Reference: Matching Key Terms and Descriptions (each can be used more than once)
a) Deontological approach
b) Teleological (or Consequential) approach
c) Virtue ethics approach
The______________ approach best known as consequentialist theory is Utilitarianism.

Question 33

Reference: Matching Key Terms and Descriptions (each can be used more than once)
a) Deontological approach
b) Teleological (or Consequential) approach
c) Virtue ethics approach
A philosophical tradition that began with Aristotle and primarily considers the actor's character, motivations, and intentions.

Question 34

Reference: Matching Approach and Weakness (each can be used more than once)
a) Deontological approach
b) Teleological approach
c) Virtue ethics approach
This approach that stresses community standards is limited in business because in many areas of business there is limited agreement about what the standards are.

Question 35

The ___________ states that an ethical decision should maximize benefits to society and minimize harms.

A) principle of value
B) theory of cost-benefit analysis
C) principle of efficacy
D) principle of utility

Question 36

The prescriptive approach is to ____________ as the descriptive approach is to _____________.

A) psychology; philosophy
B) philosophy; psychology
C) would; does
D) none of the above

Question 37

The ___________ approach to ethical decision making focuses on what decision an individual should make.

A) prescriptive
B) descriptive
C) illustrative
D) regulatory

Question 38

Which of these is the first step in the sound ethical decision making in business?

A) Define the ethical issues
B) Gather the facts
C) Identify the affected parties
D) Check your gut

Question 39

The ___________ approach to ethical decision making focuses on how people actually make ethical decisions.

A) prescriptive
B) descriptive
C) illustrative
D) regulatory

Question 40

Which of these is the final step in the sound ethical decision making in business?

A) Define the ethical issues
B) Gather the facts
C) Identify the affected parties
D) Check your gut

Question 41

You are working with an important vendor who has offered you a "sweet" deal. However, the vendor has made it clear that he wants a decision now and your internal warning system (i.e. your gut) is telling you that this deal might be an ethical dilemma. Using what you have learned from this chapter, briefly describe how you should proceed. Will you answer him now? How will you think about the "dilemma" and respond to the vendor?

Question 42

Reference: Matching Approach and Weakness (each can be used more than once)
a) Deontological approach
b) Teleological approach
c) Virtue ethics approach
A major challenge is deciding which duty, obligation, right, or principle takes precedence.

Question 43

Reference: Matching Approach and Weakness (each can be used more than once)
a) Deontological approach
b) Teleological approach
c) Virtue ethics approach
It is difficult to obtain the information required to evaluate all of the consequences for all indirect and direct stakeholders.

Question 44

Reference: Matching Approach and Weakness (each can be used more than once)
a) Deontological approach
b) Teleological approach
c) Virtue ethics approach
The rights of a minority group can easily be sacrificed for the benefit of the majority (for example, slavery in the United States).