Deck 2: Trait Approach

Question 1

Which best describes the overall results of Stogdill's second survey when compared with his initial survey?

A) There was little to no difference in the findings.
B) Situational factors became less of a focus.
C) Was more balanced in its descriptions of the role of traits and leadership.
D) Personality played a larger role in leadership.
E) Was drastically different in its findings.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Conducted two major surveys of research on the trait approach:

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Zaccaro
E) Shankman and Allen

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The Big Five consist of all the following factors, except:

A) Extraversion
B) Openness
C) Neuroticism
D) Conscientiousness
E) Authenticity

Answer 3

E

Question 4

In a major review in 1948, Stogdill suggested

A) No consistent set of traits differentiates leaders from nonleaders.
B) Leadership traits are independent of situation factors.
C) Extroversion is a definitive leadership trait.
D) A consistent set of traits differentiates leaders from nonleaders.
E) Inherent leadership traits play a large role in groups.

Question 5

During the 2008 presidential election, Barack Obama demonstrated this trait extensively and brought public attention to its value as it relates to leadership.

A) Readiness
B) Vigor
C) Charisma
D) Drive
E) Capacity

Question 6

Conducted studies of social intelligence and its relationship to leadership:

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Zaccaro
E) Shankman and Allen

Question 7

Being socially aware, possessing social acumen, practicing self-monitoring, and having the ability to decide on the best response for any given situation, then following through with said decision, are part of Zaccaro's definition of:

A) Problem-solving
B) Intelligence
C) Task knowledge
D) Cognitive ability
E) Social intelligence

Question 8

The trait approach focuses on:

A) Follower-leader interaction
B) Role of the leader
C) Role of the follower
D) Role of the organization
E) Outcomes of leadership

Question 9

Shankman and Allen's (2002) model of emotionally intelligent leadership suggests leaders must take into account these three fundamental facets of leadership:

A) Context, self, and others
B) Referent power, expert power, and legitimate power
C) Desire for power, desire to help others, and desire to win
D) Determination, integrity, and sociability
E) Traits, styles, and behaviors

Question 10

The trait approach is criticized for its failure to take __________ into consideration.

A) Emotional intelligence
B) Personality
C) Differences in leaders
D) Situations
E) Role of the leader

Question 11

Of the Big Five personality factors, which is the most strongly associated with leadership?

A) Openness
B) Emotional intelligence
C) Social status
D) Extraversion
E) Neuroticism

Question 12

Found a strong relationship between the Big Five traits and leadership:

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Zaccaro
E) Shankman and Allen

Question 13

Found several consistent traits among charismatic leaders:

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Zaccaro
E) Shankman and Allen

Question 14

Emotional intelligence includes our ability to perceive and

A) Express emotions
B) Use emotions to facilitate thinking
C) Reason/understand emotions
D) Manage emotions within oneself
E) All of the above

Question 15

The following traits are associated with charismatic leadership:

A) Intelligence, self-confidence
B) Physical attractiveness, height
C) Desire for power, desire to help others
D) Self-monitoring, impression management
E) Charisma, diligence

Question 16

Mary has managed the mailroom for 2 years. Management views Mary as a person with special leadership talent, such as intelligence, sociability, and determination. What approach is management using in assessing Mary?

A) Trait approach
B) Attributions approach
C) Styles approach
D) Managerial grid approach
E) Skills approach

Question 17

A manager arrives an hour early to work every day and is always completing his task early, as well as constantly striving for excellence within the organization. Which two traits best represent the manager?

A) Articulate and self-confident
B) Dependable and diligent
C) Trustworthy and perceptive
D) Self-confident and empathetic
E) Friendly and sensitive

Question 18

Research related to the trait approach has:

A) Been a newer area of research.
B) Been around for over 100 years.
C) Not been a focus of researchers until recently.
D) Consisted of very few known models and studies.
E) Been heavily influenced by other approaches.

Question 19

Developed a model of emotionally intelligent leadership:

A) Stogdill
B) Judge et al.
C) Jung and Sosik
D) Zaccaro
E) Shankman and Allen

Question 20

Emotional intelligence has to do with two different domains and the interplay between them. Those two domains are:

A) Task and process
B) Mind and body
C) Affective and cognitive
D) Traits and styles
E) Effective and reflective

Question 21

Some studies have suggested that masculinity is a leadership trait.

Question 22

The trait approach determines the most important traits in a highly objective way.

Question 23

In application, the trait approach can help individuals pinpoint their strengths and weaknesses.

Question 24

The trait approach focuses primarily on the leader, not on the followers or the situation.

Question 25

The Big Five and leadership meta-analysis found that the factor most strongly associated with leadership is conscientiousness.

Question 26

The great person approach focuses on important political leaders.

Question 27

Founder and former CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs, best demonstrated which trait?

A) Openness
B) Integrity
C) Sociability
D) Intelligence
E) Determination

Question 28

The winner of seven Tour de France races and cancer survivor, Lance Armstrong, demonstrates which trait repeatedly through his accomplishments as a cyclist, as well as his personal battle with cancer?

A) Emotional intelligence
B) Sociability
C) Integrity
D) Determination
E) Self-awareness

Question 29

The trait approach failed to identify a definitive set of specific leadership traits.

Question 30

The trait approach has a century of research to back it up.

Question 31

In his early studies, Stogdill found that leaders in one situation would almost always be leaders in another situation.

Question 32

Within an organization, the trait approach can be applied to

A) Low-level managers
B) Middle-level managers
C) Upper-level managers
D) All levels of the organization
E) Administrative leadership

Question 33

Of all the traits that are related to leadership, intelligence is probably the strongest (most consistent).

Question 34

The great person approach stresses that leaders' traits are learned.

Question 35

A major strength of the trait approach is that it is quite useful for training.

Question 36

Stogdill's later studies argued that personality and situational factors were both determinants of leadership.

Question 37

By comparing Stogdill's findings from his 1947 survey with the findings of his updated 1974 survey, which of the following was suggested?

A) Leadership research has progressed little.
B) That risk taking and originality no longer play a role in problem solving.
C) That situational factors no longer play a large role within leadership.
D) That both personality and situational factors were causals in leadership.
E) That personality factors are the primary focus of leadership research.

Question 38

The trait approach emphasizes that leadership resides within the individual.

Question 39

An organization requires you to fill out a personality assessment instrument as part of your application process for a specific position with the organization. What best explains why they would have you do this?

A) To place you with others who share the same traits.
B) To determine if you fit their needs for the particular position.
C) To examine your attention to detail.
D) To decide on an amount for your salary.
E) For future performance reviews.

Question 40

The trait approach determines the most important traits in a highly objective way.

Question 41

Of the five major leadership traits discussed in the chapter, which would you claim to be the most important? Which the least important? Support your claim with specific examples from the chapter.

Question 42

Defend or refute: Personality assessment instruments are accurate ways of identifying potential leaders within organizations.

Question 43

Why has the trait approach failed to provide a definitive list of leadership traits?