Deck 16: Perspectives in Oncology

Question 1

In planning programs for cancer prevention, the nurse should provide information about cancer as the _____ leading cause of death

A) major
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Answer 1

second

Question 2

A client is considering having genetic testing for cancer that "runs in the family." Vital information for the nurse to include in the teaching plan before the client has the testing includes telling the client that

A) Genetic testing is simple and inexpensive and the client does not need to seek out a specialist to interpret the results.
B) If a genetic test comes back positive for a gene related to cancer, the client will develop the cancer.
C) There are so many genetically-based cancers that even genetic testing cannot possibly cover them all.
D) There are specific state and federal laws to protect people who undergo genetic testing from insurance and job discrimination.

Answer 2

There are specific state and federal laws to protect people who undergo genetic testing from insurance and job discrimination.

Question 3

The number of new cancer cases diagnosed has increased steadily since 1900. The nurse explains to a client that one of the reasons for this increase is that

A) cancer is related to most birth defects.
B) many false-positive cancer results are reported.
C) people who live longer are less prone to cancer.
D) statistical analysis and reporting are more accurate.

Answer 3

statistical analysis and reporting are more accurate.

Question 4

After explaining how malignant cells differ from normal cells to a client with breast cancer, the nurse knows the client understands the characteristics of malignant cells when the client says "Malignant cells

A) are larger than normal cells and have designated purposes."
B) cannot grow if inflammation is present."
C) develop chromosomal abnormalities as they mature."
D) develop the same antigens as normal cells do."

Question 5

A client angrily tells the nurse that he cannot understand why he has liver cancer when he started out with bladder cancer. The nurse would recognize that the client misunderstands how a malignant tumor metastasizes when he states that cancer can spread by

A) attaching to white blood cells.
B) direct extension into the lymphatic system.
C) invasion into the blood vessels.
D) new growths into internal body cavities.

Question 6

A client has a benign tumor that has originated in adipose tissue. The nurse explains that this type of tumor is classified as a

A) fibroma.
B) lipoma.
C) leiomyoma.
D) carcinoma.

Question 7

A nurse preparing a teaching plan for a client recently diagnosed with cancer will include the fact about growth patterns of cancer that cancer cells

A) exhibit contact inhibition.
B) grow in adverse conditions, such as lack of nutrients.
C) have a growth rate equal to or less than cell death rate.
D) proliferate in response to specific stimuli.

Question 8

The nurse reviewing a research report recognizes that a discussion of oncogenes will address

A) a chemotherapeutic agent that eradicates viruses that cause cancer.
B) factors in the immune system protecting the client from malignant growths.
C) risk factors in cancer development.
D) segments of DNA that transform normal cells into malignant cells.

Question 9

The nurse assessing a client's risk of cancer from cigarette smoking notes that the client has smoked one-half pack per day for 10 years. The nurse calculates that this client has a history of

A) 2 pack-years.
B) 5 pack-years.
C) 10 pack-years.
D) 20 pack-years.

Question 10

A nurse is conducting a smoking cessation clinic. What information about smoking does the nurse include in the teaching component of the program?

A) A pack-year history is the length of time, in years, a person has smoked.
B) Smokeless tobacco is harmless because the carcinogens have been removed.
C) Smoking causes more cancer in the United States than do all other causes combined.
D) The risk of cancer for someone who stops smoking does not improve.

Question 11

A nurse is conducting a wellness seminar in which the cancer-fighting actions of diet and physical activity are presented. A woman in the audience says, "I thought diet and exercise were related to heart disease." The best response by the nurse is

A) "In people who don't smoke, diet and activity are the most important risk factors."
B) "They are important for both, but the diet to prevent cancer is totally different."
C) "They are important for heart disease too, but cancer is a bigger killer."
D) "You're right; diet and activity are more important to prevent heart disease."

Question 12

After discussing the difference between benign and malignant tumors with a client, the nurse would know that the client understood the discussion when the client says

A) "A benign tumor does not invade other tissue."
B) "Malignant tissue is not found far from the original site of the tumor."
C) "Malignant tumors do not respond well to chemotherapy."
D) "The control of growth is impaired only in malignant tissue."

Question 13

A nurse is administering IV chemotherapy. What personal protective equipment (PPE) should the nurse use when doing this task?

A) A gown and gloves
B) Gloves and a mask
C) No special PPE is needed
D) Only gloves

Question 14

A client has worked for 2 years installing insulation containing asbestos. The nurse will determine further assessment questions based on the understanding that occupational exposure to carcinogens represents _____% of all human cancers.

A) <2
B) 2-8
C) 10-12
D) >12