Deck 22: Main Group Elements II: Groups 18, 17, 16, 15, and Hydrogen

Question 1

Oxygen is obtained commercially from air by fractional distillation.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Hydrogen compounds are called hybrids.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Which of the following has the lowest boiling point?

A) bromine
B) fluorine
C) iodine
D) chlorine
E) astatine

Answer 3

fluorine

Question 4

Choose the INCORRECT name/symbol combination.

A) Xe xenon
B) Ne neon
C) Kr krypton
D) Ar argon
E) Ra radon

Question 5

The VSEPR theory predicts molecular shapes for the noble gas compounds. Which of these is correct? I) XeF2 is linear.
II) XeOF2 is T-shaped.
III) XeF4 is square planar.

A) I, II and III
B) I and II
C) I only
D) II only
E) III only

Question 6

Halogen molecules are diatomic.

Question 7

Bromine can be produced by:

A) oxidizing Cl2 with Br-
B) oxidizing Br- with Cl2
C) oxidizing Br- with I2
D) oxidizing I- with Br-
E) oxidizing F- with Br-

Question 8

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Halogens exist as diatomic molecules.
B) Group 17 (7A) are the halogens.
C) Halogens have relatively low melting and boiling points.
D) Fluorine is the most reactive halogen.
E) Fluorine has a low electronegativity and large radius.

Question 9

Which of the following has the highest boiling point?

A) bromine
B) chlorine
C) fluorine
D) iodine
E) astatine

Question 10

Selenium is obtained by the Frasch process.

Question 11

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Xenon compounds in several different oxidation states have been formed.
B) The noble gas compounds are very stable.
C) Xenon compounds are excellent reducing agents.
D) The Noble gas (except helium) electron configuration has ns2np6.
E) Although predicted in the 1930s, it was 1962 before noble gas compounds were made.

Question 12

Nitrogen is obtained from air by fractional distillation.

Question 13

Both bismuth and arsenic are obtained from their sulfide ores.

Question 14

The noble gas Xe is completely unreactive.

Question 15

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Compounds with xenon in several oxidation states have been formed.
B) The eight outer shell electrons cause chemical inertness.
C) Xenon reacts directly only with fluorine.
D) Noble gases exist as diatomic molecules.
E) Most noble gas compounds contain either fluorine or oxygen.

Question 16

Hydrogen bonded with any metals form compounds called ionic hydrides.

Question 17

The noble gas Xe is obtained commercially from air by fractional distillation.

Question 18

"Halogen" means "soluble salts".

Question 19

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Argon forms compounds readily.
B) Argon, xenon, krypton, neon, helium, and radon are called noble gases.
C) Liquid helium is used to maintain low temperatures.
D) Metals that lose their electrical resistivity are called superconductors.
E) Radon is a radioactive element.

Question 20

Choose the INCORRECT oxidation state for xenon in the listed molecule.

A) XeF2/+2
B) XeO3/+4
C) XeF6/+6
D) XeO4/+8
E) XeOF2/+4

Question 21

Which of these is the strongest oxidizing agent?

A) HClO2
B) HClO3
C) HClO4
D) KClO3
E) KClO2

Question 22

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) The Frasch process is a method of mining sulfur.
B) Photoconductivity is the production of photons by the use of electricity.
C) Selenium displays the property of photoconductivity.
D) Polonium is a rare radioactive metal.
E) Sulfur is used in vulcanizing rubber, as a pesticide and to produce sulfuric acid.

Question 23

HI(g) has a ΔGf° that is small and positive, so HI should dissociate to some extent but its activation energy is high. HI(g) is stable at room temperature. Chemists would describe the reason for the very slow dissociation reaction as:

A) thermodynamically controlled
B) the ΔGf° is wrong
C) the reaction is not slow
D) the reaction is kinetically controlled
E) the molecules can collide with each other

Question 24

Which of the following forms a complete set of oxyacids in which it exhibits the oxidation states of +1, +3, +5, and +7?

A) fluorine
B) chlorine
C) bromine
D) iodine
E) astatine

Question 25

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Perbromic acid is HBrO4.
B) Bromite ion is BrO2-.
C) Iodate ion is IO3-.
D) Hypochlorite ion is ClO-.
E) Hydrochloric acid is HClO2.

Question 26

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) By electrode potentials, fluorine is the least reactive halogen.
B) Chlorine is prepared industrially by the electrolysis of NaCl.
C) Fluorine is usually prepared by electrolysis.
D) Bromine can be extracted from seawater.
E) Iodine is obtained commercially from inland brines or from sodium iodate deposits.

Question 27

Which of the following name/formula combinations is INCORRECT?

A) dioxygen/O2
B) familiar oxygen/O
C) trioxygen/O3
D) ozone/O3
E) potassium superoxide/KO2

Question 28

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Chlorofluorocarbon production has been banned by many countries.
B) Chlorine is used to make bleach, PVC, treat water, and make chemicals.
C) Bromine is used in fire retardants, pesticides, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and film.
D) Iodine is used in catalysts, medicine and film.
E) Fluorinated organic compounds are very reactive.

Question 29

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) H2O has a high boiling point because of covalent bonding.
B) Sulfur can form S8 molecules.
C) Compounds with O-O bonds are reactive.
D) H2O is a bent molecule.
E) H2O is a polar molecule.

Question 30

What is one of the important uses of KClO4?

A) explosives
B) adhesives
C) lubricants
D) metal finishing
E) skin cleaning

Question 31

Ozone and "ordinary" oxygen are examples of:

A) allotropes
B) isotopes
C) isomers
D) phalaropes
E) tropomers

Question 32

Choose the INCORRECT name/formula combination.

A) ozone / O3
B) potassium superoxide / KO2
C) dioxygen / O2
D) carbon monoxide / C2O
E) trioxygen / O3

Question 33

Which of the following is found in Teflon, Freon-12, and in the acid commonly used to etch glass?

A) carbon
B) chlorine
C) fluorine
D) hydrogen
E) oxygen

Question 34

Using VSEPR theory, which of the following descriptions of probable molecular geometry is INCORRECT?

A) SF6/octahedral
B) SiCl4/tetrahedral
C) BF3/trigonal planar
D) SnCl4/tetrahedral
E) ClF3/pyramidal

Question 35

Which element forms the largest variety of oxoanions?

A) S
B) Cl
C) P
D) Br
E) I

Question 36

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) HI is a strong acid
B) HF is a strong acid
C) HCl is a strong acid
D) HBr is a strong acid
E) HF will etch glass

Question 37

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Fluorine adopts the -1 oxidation state when it forms compounds.
B) In binary compounds with metals, the oxidation state of halogens is -1.
C) Halogen ions commonly exhibit a charge of +1.
D) Iodine can have oxidation states of +1, +3, +5 and +7 in compounds where iodine is bonded to oxygen and/or fluorine.
E) HClO is hypochlorous acid.

Question 38

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Oleum is SO3(g) dissolved in H2SO4.
B) Oleum is called fuming sulfuric acid.
C) Sulfuric and sulfurous acids are monoprotic.
D) Acid salts are compounds formed from polyprotic acids by neutralizing one hydrogen.
E) Thio in a name denotes that one oxygen is replaced by a sulfur.

Question 39

Iodine is only very slightly soluble in water, but it dissolves readily in an aqueous solution of sodium iodide, because molecular iodine acts as:

A) a Lewis base to form a coordinate covalent bond with Na+ ion
B) a reducing agent with water, to form the soluble I+ ion
C) an oxidizing agent with I- ion to form the soluble I3+ ion
D) a Lewis acid to form a coordinate covalent bond with I- ion
E) a catalyst for the disproportionation of water

Question 40

Which of the following exists in more different allotropic forms than any other element?

A) xenon
B) tellurium
C) sulfur
D) phosphorus
E) oxygen

Question 41

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Sb and As are usually referred to as metalloids.
B) Nitrogen is obtained by fractional distillation of liquefied air.
C) Phosphorus is important in fertilizers.
D) Ar and Sb are used in semiconductor materials.
E) Nitrides are compounds of nitrogen in the 3+ oxidation state.

Question 42

Choose the INCORRECT name/formula combination.

A) hydrogen chloride / HClO
B) sodium hydride / NaH
C) sodium hydrogen carbonate / NaHCO3
D) calcium hydride / CaH2
E) dihydrogen / H2

Question 43

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Acid anhydrides plus water generate an acid.
B) H5P3O10 is diphosphoric acid or pyrophosphoric acid.
C) H3PO3 is phosphorous acid.
D) H3PO4 is phosphoric acid.
E) Phosphorus is very important in biochemistry as ADP and ATP.

Question 44

Choose the INCORRECT name/formula combination.

A) dinitrogen pentoxide / N2O5
B) nitrogen monoxide / NO
C) nitrogen dioxide / N2O2
D) dinitrogen monoxide / N2O
E) nitric acid / HNO3

Question 45

Which element is in a family that contains a metal, a nonmetal, and a metalloid?

A) chlorine
B) nitrogen
C) iodine
D) none of these
E) calcium

Question 46

What is the molecular shape for XeF2?

A) trigonal planar
B) tetrahedral
C) bent
D) linear
E) trigonal pyramidal

Question 47

Define "hydrogenation reaction".

A) Hydrogen is produced chemically.
B) Double bonds are formed by removing hydrogen.
C) Hydrogen is removed from water.
D) Hydrogen is separated from other gases in air.
E) Hydrogen is added to carbon-carbon multiple bonds such that the bond order is reduced in the final product.

Question 48

Which of the following oxides is neither acidic nor amphoteric?

A) As2O5
B) Bi2O3
C) N2O3
D) P4O6
E) Sb2O3

Question 49

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Industrial smog consists of ash, smoke, SO2(g) and H2SO4 mist.
B) Group 15 (5A) is interesting because it has both nonmetals and metals in the family.
C) The Group 15 (5A) electron configuration is ns2np3.
D) As, Sb, and Si occur in the -3 oxidation state.
E) P, Ar and Sb exhibit allotropy.

Question 50

What is the molecular shape for XeOF2?

A) trigonal planar
B) tetrahedral
C) trigonal bipyramid
D) T-shape
E) trigonal pyramidal

Question 51

Which name/formula combination is INCORRECT?

A) tetrathionate/S4O62-
B) sulfurous acid/H2SO3
C) thiosulfate/S2O32-
D) calcium sulfite/CaSO4
E) sodium sulfide/Na2S

Question 52

Which formula/name combination is INCORRECT?

A) NaN3/sodium nitride
B) N2H4/hydrazine
C) HONH2/hydroxylamine
D) Mg(N3)2/magnesium azide
E) PH3/phosphine

Question 53

The Frasch process for the production of elemental sulfur has been largely supplanted by a gas-phase process using the reduction of sulfur dioxide by:

A) H2S(g)
B) H2O(g)
C) CS2(g)
D) H2SO4(g)
E) O3(g)

Question 54

Write the chemical equation for the reaction of potassium superoxide with carbon dioxide to produce oxygen.

A) KO(s) + CO2(g) → O2(g) + K(s) + CO(g)
B) K2O(s) + CO2(g) → O2(g) + K(s) + KCO(s)
C) KO2 + CO2(g) → 2 O2(g) + KC(s)
D) 2 KO2(s) + 2 CO2(g) → K2CO3(s) + O2(g)
E) 2 KO2(s) + CO2(g) → K2C(s) + 3O2(g)

Question 55

Which of the following is stored under water because of its property of igniting spontaneously upon contact with air?

A) P4 (white phosphorus)
B) S8 (yellow sulfur)
C) Pb3O4 ("red lead")
D) K (potassium metal)
E) I2 (crystalline iodine)

Question 56

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Hydrazine is N2H2.
B) Hydroxylamine is NH2OH.
C) Hydrazine and its derivatives are used as rocket fuels.
D) HN3 is hydrazoic acid.
E) Nitrogen is a key element in organic and biochemical molecules.

Question 57

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Hydroxylammine, NH2OH, is a weak acid.
B) Laughing gas, an anesthetic used in dentistry, is N2O.
C) Nitrogen forms oxides with oxidation states that range between +1 and +5.
D) Azides contain the N3- ion.
E) An acid anhydride reacts with water to form an acid.

Question 58

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Hydrogen occurs in more compounds than any other element.
B) The "water gas" reactions produce combustible gases (CO and H2) from steam and C(s).
C) Metallic hydrides are always in fixed ratios of hydrogen to other elements.
D) Binary compounds of hydrogen are called hydrides.
E) Hydrogenation reactions are hydrogen added to double or triple bonds in presence of a catalyst.

Question 59

Choose the INCORRECT statement.

A) Eutrophication is the process by which a freshwater body becomes filled with algae and depleted of fish.
B) Eutrophication can be hastened by phosphate fertilizers.
C) P3H is phosphine.
D) Carbon has the allotropes, graphite and diamond.
E) Graphite can be used as a lubricant because layers of molecules slide over other layers of molecules.

Question 60

"Red" phosphorus is insoluble in carbon disulfide, has a broad melting range and a very low vapor pressure, and does not conduct electricity. This evidence suggests that this substance is probably:

A) crystalline and metallic
B) a crystal of P4 molecule units
C) amorphous and polymeric
D) P4+ ions in a "sea" of electrons
E) cubic closest-packed unbonded P atoms

Question 61

Give the molecular shape of BrO3-.

A) trigonal pyramidal
B) trigonal planar
C) tetrahedral
D) linear
E) octahedral

Question 62

On the average, air contains about 9.3 mL of argon per liter. What would be the partial pressure of argon in air when the barometric pressure is 780 torr?

A) 84 torr
B) 7.3 torr
C) 780 torr
D) 770 torr
E) 790 torr

Question 63

What is the correct completion of the reaction: X2 + OH- → where X is a halogen

A) X2 + 2 OH- → 2 XOH
B) X2 + 4 OH- → 2 X(OH)2
C) X2 + 2 OH- → XO2 + XH2
D) X2 + 2 OH- → OX- + X- + H2O
E) X2 + OH- → no reaction

Question 64

The electron group geometry for XeF2 is ________.

A) trigonal planar
B) trigonal bipyramid
C) bent
D) linear
E) trigonal pyramidal

Question 65

What is the skeletal structure for chloric acid?

A) H-O-Cl-O-O
B) H-Cl-O-O ∣
O
C) H-O-O-Cl-O
D) H-O-Cl-O ∣
O
E) O ∣
H-Cl-O
∣
O

Question 66

A bleaching solution can be prepared by bubbling chlorine gas through dilute sodium hydroxide: Cl2(g) + 2 OH-(aq) → Cl-(aq) + OCl-(aq) + H2O(l)
The chlorine required may be generated by the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride. What volume of 0.30 M hypochlorite solution could be prepared from the chlorine generated by such electrolysis using a current of 3.0 amp for 25 minutes? Assume 100% efficiency.

A) 78 mL
B) 63 mL
C) 40 mL
D) 31 mL
E) 26 mL

Question 67

Given E°red = 1.05 V for XO4-/XO3-, E°red = 1.13 V for XO3-/X2 and E°red = 1.30 V for X2/X-, determine E°red for XO4-/X-.

A) 0.435 V
B) 1.13 V
C) 3.48 V
D) 2.05 V
E) 1.16 V

Question 68

In a reaction between XeO3 and Mn2+ that occurred in 324 mL of solution, the gaseous Xe produced occupied a volume of 595 mL at STP. What is the molarity of the MnO4- solution resulting from the reaction? 9 H2O + 6 Mn2+ + 5 XeO3 → 6 MnO4- + 5 Xe + 18 H+

A) 0.0983 M
B) 0.0683 M
C) 0.00292 M
D) 0.0820 M
E) 0.00203 M

Question 69

"Chlorine-type" laundry bleaches are in reality aqueous solutions of ________.

A) NaOCl
B) NaClO3
C) HOCl
D) HOClO3
E) NaClO2

Question 70

What is the correct completion of the reaction: NaF + HC2H3O2 →

A) NaF + HC2H3O2 → NaC2H3 + HFO2
B) NaF + HC2H3O2 ⇌ HF + NaC2H3O2
C) NaF + HC2H3O2 ⇌ NaC2O2 + H4F
D) NaF + HC2H3O2 → NaH3O2 + HFC2
E) NaF + HC2H3O2 → no reaction

Question 71

Write a balanced half equation for the following couple: HClO2 | Cl- (acidic)

A) HClO2 + 2 H2O → Cl- + 3 H+ + 4 e-
B) HClO2 + 2 H+ + 2 e- → Cl- + H2O
C) HClO2 + 3 H+ + 4 e- → Cl- + 2 H2O
D) HClO2 + 3 H+ → Cl- + H2O + 4 e-
E) HClO2 + e- → Cl- + H+ + O2

Question 72

If a certain natural gas supply contains 2.13% helium by mass, what amount of the natural gas must be processed, at 96.2% efficiency of helium recovery, to produce sufficient helium to inflate 24 party balloons to a volume of 5.3 L each at an internal gas pressure of 1.25 atm and a temperature of 23.7°C?

A) 1.28 kg
B) 1.18 kg
C) 1.09 kg
D) 0.82 kg
E) 0.75 kg

Question 73

Write an equation for the oxidation in acid solution of Mn2+ to MnO4- by XeO3, which is reduced to Xe(g).

A) 6 Mn2+ + 5 XeO3 → 6 MnO4- + 5 Xe
B) 24 H2O + 6 Mn2+ + 5 XeO3 → 6 MnO4- + 5 Xe + 18 H+
C) H2O + Mn2+ + XeO3 → MnO4- + Xe + 2 H+
D) 24 H2O + 6 Mn2+ + 5 XeO3 + 30 H+ → 6 MnO4- + 5 Xe + 15 H2O + 48 H+
E) 9 H2O + 6 Mn2+ + 5 XeO3 → 6 MnO4- + 5 Xe + 18 H+

Question 74

Write a balanced half equation for the following couple: ClO2- | Cl- (basic)

A) ClO2- + 2 H2O + 4 e- → Cl- + 4 OH-
B) ClO2- + 4 H+ + 4 e- → Cl- + 2 H2O
C) ClO2- + H2O + e- → Cl- + OH-
D) ClO2- + H+ + e- → Cl- + H2O
E) ClO2- + 4 H2O + 8 e- → Cl- + 4 OH-

Question 75

What is the correct completion of the reaction: H2 + X2 → where X is a halogen

A) 2 H2 + X2 → 2 H2X
B) H2 + 2 X2 → 2 HX2
C) H2 + X2 → 2 HX
D) H2 + X2 → H2X2
E) H2 + X2 → no reaction

Question 76

What is the formula for chloric acid?

A) HClO
B) HCl
C) HClO3
D) HClO2
E) HClO4

Question 77

Arrange the following in order of decreasing acid strength: HClO2, HClO3, HClO, HClO4

A) HClO3 > HClO2 > HClO > HClO4
B) HClO > HClO2 > HClO3 > HClO4
C) HClO4 > HClO3 > HClO2 > HClO
D) HClO2 > HClO > HClO4 > HClO3
E) HClO3 > HClO > HClO4 > HClO2

Question 78

Write the equation for commercially extracting bromine from seawater.

A) Br2(l) + 2 Cl(aq) → Cl2(g) + 2 Br-
B) 2 Br-(aq) + I2(g) → Br2(l) + 2 I-(aq)
C) 4 Br-(aq) + Cl2(g) → Br2(l) + 2 BrCl(aq)
D) 2 Br-(aq) + F2(g) → Br2(l) + 2 F-(aq)
E) 2 Br-(aq) + Cl2(g) → Br2(l) + 2 Cl-(aq)

Question 79

The most reactive of the nonmetallic elements is ________.

A) xenon
B) nitrogen
C) iodine
D) helium
E) fluorine

Question 80

What is the correct completion of the reaction: IO3- + HSO3- →

A) IO3- + 3 HSO3- → I- + 3 SO42-+ 3 H+
B) IO3- + HSO3- → IO2- + HSO4-
C) 2 IO3- + 3 HSO3- → I2 + HSO4-+ O3-
D) IO3- + HSO3- → IO4- + HSO2-
E) IO3- + 2 HSO3- → S2I + H2O + 4 O2